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| 1 | Biotechnology Applications of Plant Callus Cultures显示文摘In ethnopharmacology, and especially in traditional Chinese medicine, medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years. Similarly, agricultural plants have been used throughout the history of mankind. The recent development of the genetic engineering of plants to produce plants with desirable features adds a new and growing dimension to humanity’s usage of plants. The biotechnology of plants has come of age and a plethora of bioengineering applications in this context have been delineated during the past few decades. Callus cultures and suspension cell cultures offer a wide range of usages in pharmacology and pharmacy (including Chinese medicine), as well as in agriculture and horticulture. This review provides a timely overview of the advancements that have been made with callus cultures in these scientific fields. Genetically modified callus cultures by gene technological techniques can be used for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites and for the generation of plants with improved resistance against salt, draft, diseases, and pests. Although the full potential of callus plant culture technology has not yet been exploited, the time has come to develop and market more callus culture-based products. | Thomas Efferth | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，1： | 16 |
| 2 | Natural products as promising drug candidates for the treatment of hepatitis B and C显示文摘肝炎 B 病毒(HBV ) 或丙肝病毒(HCV ) 感染是世界范围的主要威胁。干扰素的联合治疗 -- 伪和 ribavirin 当前是为感染 HCV 的病人的选择的治疗。然而,这政体在约 50% 病人仅仅是有效的并且挑起严重副作用。为对待 HCV 的众多的自然选择被建议了。Deoxynojirimycin 和它的衍生物是由禁止伪 - glucosidases 施加 anti-HCV 活动的 iminosugars。cyclosporine A 的非抑制免疫力的 derivate, NIM811,由绑定施加 anti-HCV 活动到 cyclophilin。有有希望的 anti-HCV 活动的另外的自然产品是 2-arylbenzofuran 衍生物, Mellein,和 pseudoguaianolides。为 HBV 治疗,几药是可得到的,明确地指向病毒聚合酶(lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine,和 adefovir dipivoxil ) 。这些药的功效被抵抗的发展在 HBV 聚合酶由于点变化妨碍。由于药抵抗和不利副作用,为新奇的药的搜索是强制的。Wogonin, ellagic 酸, artemisinin 和 artesunate, chrysophanol 8-O- 尾 -D 配糖物, saikosaponin C,和 protostane triterpenes 对 HBV 是活跃的。自然产品需要更详细地被调查作为新奇附属物探索他们的潜力到确定的 HBV 或 HCV 治疗。 | Carolin WOHLFARTH Thomas EFFERTH | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，1： | 11 |
| 3 | Treatment of Iron-Loaded Veterinary Sarcoma by Artemisia annua显示文摘Artemisinin,a constituent of Artemisia annua L.,is a well-known antimalarial drug.Artemisinin-type drugs also inhibit cancer growth in vitro and in vivo.Herbal extracts of A.annua inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines.Here,we report on the use of capsules containing powder of Herba Artemisiae annuae to treat pet sarcoma.The surgical tumor removal as standard treatment was supplemented by adjuvant therapy with A.annua.One cat and one dog with fibrosarcoma survived 40 and 37 months,respectively,without tumor relapse.Two other dogs suffering from fibrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma also showed complete remission and are still alive after 39 and 26 months,respectively.A.annua was well tolerated without noticeable side effects.These four cases indicate that A.annua may be a promising herbal drug for cancer therapy. | Elmar Breuer Thomas Efferth | 2014 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2014，4，2： | 4 |
| 4 | Perspectives for Globalized Natural Medicines显示文摘Natural medicines provide valuable resources to meet the requirements for global health care at affordable prices.Therefore,safety and efficacy need to be proven in a comparable manner to conventional drugs.Evidence-based natural and western medicine may merge to a 'one-world medicine' for the sake of all patients in industrialized and developing countries.In the present review,we discuss strategies for (1) preservation of traditional knowledge on natural medicines,(2) sustainability of medicinal herbs and natural products,and (3) standardization and quality control.Novel technologies will impact research on natural medicines in the years to come,e.g.remote sensing to map medicinal plant locations,DNA barcoding for plant authentication,hollow fiber extraction,high-end techniques for chemo-profiling of plant constituents in medicinal products and blood serum of patients as well as systems biological approaches. | Thomas EFFERTH | 2011 | 中国天然药物2011，9，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Diagnosis and Objective Pain Assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine May Be Useful to Demonstrate Specific Effects of Acupuncture in Low Back Pain: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled and Single Blinded Pre-study显示文摘Objective: To prove specific effects of acupuncture on chronic pain. It was speculated that the potential specific effectiveness of acupuncture could be better shown in more properly designed studies. Therefore, diagnoses of both Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as inclusion criteria to allocate acupoints more precisely to the complaints of the patients. Secondly, objectively measurable parameters of pain relief in addition to usual Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were chosen to quantify the effects of acupuncture. Methods: The study was prospective, randomized, controlled and single-blinded. Eighteen patients with chronic back pain and TCM diagnosis of a Taiyang/Yangming syndrome received one single session of acupuncture chosen according to TCM diagnosis or acupuncture on points outside the meridian system (controls). We evaluated pain via VAS and increased mobility via inclinometry of the back. Results: Although the sample size was small, there was a statistically significant improvement in pain and mobility in the intervention group (n=13), but not in the control group (n=5). The calculated sample size adequate power was lower for inclinometry than for VAS, indicating that VAS is less probable to discriminate acupuncture effects. Conclusion: Objectively measurable physical parameters such as the angle of flexion before and after acupuncture (inclinometry) may be more suitable to measure pain relief than subjective assessment by VAS in acupuncture studies. TCM diagnosis may be a helpful inclusion criterion in studies on acupuncture, so as to potentially allocate interventions better to the complaints of patients. | Susana Seca Paula Capelo Thomas Efferth Christoph Alexander Doenitz Sven Schroeder Ana Anjos Jorge Machado Henry Johannes Greten | 2013 | Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science2013，11，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Self-medication with nutritional supplements and herbal over-the-counter products显示文摘In recent years,the popularity increased for nutritional supplements and herbal products.Prescription drugs,but not herbal therapies are paid by health insurances.They are sold over-the-counter(OTC)on the patients’own expense.However,there are potential risks of self-medication,e.g.incorrect self-diagnosis,severe adverse reactions,dangerous drug interactions,risk of addiction etc.They are often used by patients at their own discretion without knowledge of and control by their physicians.Certain users are at risk of intoxication.Multiple medications taken by older patients increase the risk for adverse drug reactions,drug-drug interactions,and compliance problems for this age group(polypharmacy).Herbals should be discontinued prior to operations to avoid interactions with anesthetics or anticoagulants.Herbal preparations may also be carcinogenic or interfere with cancer treatments.Pregnant women use various OTC preparations.However,in many cases,it is unclear whether their use is safe for mother or baby.Self-medication with herbals is also largely distributed among anxious and depressive patients,and patients with other conditions and symptoms.The popularity of herbal products has also brought concerns on quality,efficacy and safety.Cases of botanical misidentification,contaminations with heavy metals,pesticides,radioactivity,organic solvents,microbials as well as adulteration with chemical drugs necessitate the establishment of international quality control standards.Hepatotoxic effects have been reported for more than 300 plant species,and some commonly used herbs have been demonstrated to interact with Western medication.Health care professionals have a critical responsibility assessing the self-care ability of their patients.Databases are available for pharmacists with information on action,side effects and toxicities as well as herbdrug interactions.There is a need for established guidelines regarding the correct use of nutritional supplements and herbal OTC preparations(phytovigilance).Physicians,pharmacists,and other health care professionals have to counsel patients and the general public on the benefits and risks associated with herbal drugs.Information centers for consumers and general practitioners are needed,and convincing evidence on safety and efficacy of herbal products has to be demonstrated in placebo-controlled,double blind and randomized clinical trials. | Tolga EICHHORN Henry Johannes GRETEN Thomas EFFERTH | 2011 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2011，1，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Animal plant warfare and secondary metabolite evolution显示文摘The enduring discussion,why plants produce secondary metabolites with pharmacologically and toxicologically active towards mammals traces back to the eminent role of medicinal plants in the millennia-old history of manhood.In recent years,the concept of an animal plant warfare emerged,which focused on the co-evolution between plants and herbivores.As a reaction to herbivory,plants developed mechanical defenses such as thorns and hard shells,which paved the way for adapted animal physiques.Plants evolved further defense systems by producing chemicals that exert toxic effects on the animals that ingest them.As a result of this selective pressure,animals developed special enzymes,e.g.cytochrome P450 monooxigenases(CYP450)that metabolize xenobiotic phytochemicals.As a next step in the evolutionary competition between plants and animals,plants evolved to produce non-toxic pro-drugs,which become toxic only after ingestion by animals through metabolization by enzymes such as CYP450.Because these sequestered evolutionary developments call to mind an arms race,the term animal plant warfare has been coined.The evolutionary competition between plants and animals may help to better understand the modes of action of medicinal plants and to foster the efficient and safe use of phytotherapy nowadays. | Steffen WÖLL Sun Hee KIM Henry Johannes GRETEN Thomas EFFERTH | 2013 | Natural Products and Bioprospecting2013，3，1： | 2 |
| 8 | 量化中医学中“寒”与“热”的初步临床研究(英文)显示文摘目的:本研究探讨通过测量微循环相关指标客观衡量针刺效果的可能性,中医寒证针刺治疗前毛细血管灌注状态的意义,以及微循环相关指标在未来中医诊断中的意义。方法:本研究为前瞻性、非对照、不设盲临床研究。研究共纳入32例股骨骨折手术后的老年患者。这些患者均接受施于胃经梁丘穴的'豹斑点刺'针刺治疗。针刺治疗前后使用白光光谱学及激光多普勒测量微循环相关指标如血流速率、血流量、血红蛋白含量、氧饱和度等。结果:股骨骨折后,根据血流量的不同,患者被分为两组,即高灌注组和低灌注组。低灌注组的毛细血管血流量及血流速率在针刺治疗后明显增加,而高灌注组则无明显改变。如果不考虑患者在针刺治疗前的灌注状态,则统计分析表明所有患者针刺治疗前后的灌注状态均无明显改变,因此针刺的作用可能被患者的异质性所掩盖。结论:微循环相关指标对于客观衡量针刺的治疗效果及描述针刺治疗前的营养性功能以均衡比较组之间的差异有重要意义。在本试验中,局部寒证(腿部的毛细血管低灌注)可以通过针刺补气血的胃经梁丘穴得到显著改善,而在热证组(毛细血管高灌注)未见明显改变。未来的研究可以通过将中医营养参数测量的营养状态与中医诊断中的主要证候相联系而得到更多结论。 | Christoph A.Doenitz Ana Anjos Thomas Efferth Tobias Greten Henry J.Greten | 2012 | 中西医结合学报2012，10，5： | 2 |
| 9 | The antiviral activities of artemisinin and artesunate 显示文摘 | Efferth T Romero MR Wolf DG eta! | 2008 | Clin Infect Dis2008，47，6： | 1 |
| 10 | The anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer显示文摘 | Efferth T Dunstan H Sauerbrey A | 2001 | int J Oucol2001，18，4： | 1 |
| 11 | The an- ti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer 显示文摘 | EFFERTH T DUNSTAN H SAUERBREY A et ai | 2001 | Inerna- tional Journal of Oncology2001，18，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Molecular modes of action of artesunate in tumor cell lines显示文摘 | Efferth T Sauerbrey A Olbfich A | 2003 | Mol Pharmacol2003，64，2： | 1 |
| 13 | New Glycosides from Tetracentron sinense and Their Cytotoxic Activity显示文摘 | Wang Y F Lai G F Efferth T | 2006 | Chemistry&Biodiversity2006，3，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Molecular modes of action of artesunate in tumor cell lines显示文摘 | EFFERTH T SAUERBREY A OLBRICH A | 2003 | Mol Pharmacol2003，64，2： | 1 |
| 15 | The anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer显示文摘 | Efferth A Dunstan H Sauerbrey A | 2001 | Int J Oncol2001，18，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Targeting the mitochondrial pathway to induce apoptosis/necrosis through ROS by a newly developed Schiff’s base to overcome MDR in cancer显示文摘 | Soumya Basu Avishek Ganguly Paramita Chakraborty Rupashree Sen Kaushik Banerjee Mitali Chatterjee Thomas Efferth Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri | 2011 | Biochimie2011，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase for oxidative stress and apoptosis显示文摘 | Efferth T Schwarzl SM Smith J | 2006 | Cell Death Differ2006，13，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of artesunate on immune cells in ret-transgenic mouse melanoma model 显示文摘 | Ramaeher M Umansky V Efferth T | 2009 | Anticancer Drugs2009，20，10： | 1 |
| 19 | P-glycoprotein and its inhibition in tumors by phytoehemicals derived from Chinese herbs 显示文摘 | Eichhorn T Efferth T | 2012 | J Ethnopharmacol2012，141，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Molecular phaimacology and phaimacogenomics of artemisinin and its derivatives in cancer cells 显示文摘 | Efferth T | 2006 | Curr Drug Targets2006，7，4： | 1 |
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