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| 1 | Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus显示文摘Cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN)is an often overlooked and common complication of diabetes mellitus.CAN is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.The pathogenesis of CAN is complex and involves a cascade of pathways activated by hyperglycaemia resulting in neuronal ischaemia and cellular death.In addition,autoimmune and genetic factors are involved in the development of CAN.CAN might be subclinical for several years until the patient develops resting tachycardia,exercise intolerance,postural hypotension,cardiac dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy.During its sub-clinical phase,heart rate variability that is influenced by the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic tones can help in detecting CAN before the disease is symptomatic.Newer imaging techniques(such as scintigraphy)have allowed earlier detection of CAN in the pre-clinical phase and allowed better assessment of the sympathetic nervous system.One of the main difficulties in CAN research is the lack of a universally accepted definition of CAN;however,the Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy has recently issued guidance for the diagnosis and staging of CAN,and also proposed screening for CAN in patients with diabetes mellitus.A major challenge,however,is the lack of specific treatment to slow the progression or prevent the development of CAN.Lifestyle changes,improved metabolic control might prevent or slow the progression of CAN.Reversal will require combination of these treatments with new targeted therapeutic approaches.The aim of this article is to review the latest evidence regarding the epidemiology,pathogenesis,manifestations,diagnosis and treatment for CAN. | Gerasimos Dimitropoulos Abd A Tahrani Martin J Stevens | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，1： | 48 |
| 2 | Empirical Estimates of the Direct Rebound Effect : A Review 显示文摘 | Sorrell S Dimitropoulos J Sommerville M | 2009 | Energy Policy2009，37，4： | 1 |
| 3 | A 2-D ferrous object imaging technique based on magnetic field sensor arrays显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos P D Avaritsioris J N | 2003 | Sensors and Actuators A:Physical2003，106，13： | 1 |
| 4 | The rebound effect: microeconomic definitions,limitations and extensions显示文摘 | Steve Sorrell Dimitropoulos J | 2007 | Ecological Economics2007，65，3： | 1 |
| 5 | A New Position Sensor Based on the MDL Technique 显示文摘 | Hristoforou E Dimitropoulos P D Petrou J | 2006 | Sensors and Actuators A :Physi- cal2006，132，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Clopidogrel resistance : current aspects and future directions 显示文摘 | VLACHOJANNIS G J DIMITROPOULOS G ALEXOPOULOS D | 2011 | Hellenic J Cardiol2011，52，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Clopidogrel resistance: current aspects and future directions 显示文摘 | VLACHOJANNIS G J DIMITROPOULOS G ALEXOPOULOS D | 2011 | Hellenic J Cardiol2011，52，： | 1 |
| 8 | Empirical estimates of the direct rebound effect:A review显示文摘 | Sorrell S Dimitropoulos J Sommerville M | 2009 | Energy Policy2009，37，： | 1 |
| 9 | Energy Productivity Improvements and the Rebound Effect: an Overview of the State of Knowledge显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos J | 2007 | En- ergy Policy2007，35，12： | 1 |
| 10 | The rebound effect: Microeconomic definitions, limitations and extensions显示文摘 | Sorrell S Dimitropoulos J | 2008 | Eco- logical Economics2008，65，： | 1 |
| 11 | Clopidogrel resistance:current aspects and future directions显示文摘 | Vlachojannis G J Dimitropoulos G Alexopoulos D | 2011 | Hellenic J Cardiol2011，52，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The rebound effect: Microeconomic definitions, limitations and extensions 显示文摘 | Sorrell S Dimitropoulos J | 2008 | Ecological Economics2008，65，： | 1 |
| 13 | Empirical estimates of the direct rebound effect: A review显示文摘 | Sorrell S Dimitropoulos J Sommerville M | 2009 | Energy Policy2009，37，： | 1 |
| 14 | Energy Productivity Improvements and the Rebound Effect:An Overview of the State of Knowledge显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos J | 2007 | Energy Policy2007，35，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Energy Productivity Improve- ments and the Rebound Effect : an Overview of the State of Knowledge显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos J | 2007 | Energy Policy2007，35，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Boosting the Performance of Miniature Fluxgates with Novel Signal Extraction Techniques 显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos P D Avaritsiotis J N Hristoforou E | 2001 | Sens Actuator A -Phys2001，90，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Empirical Estimates of theDirect Rebound Effect: A Review显示文摘 | Sorrel S Dimitropoulos J Sommerville M | 2009 | Energy Policy2009，37，： | 1 |
| 18 | Energy Productivity Improvements and the Rebound Effect: An Overview of the State of Knowledge 显示文摘 | Dimitropoulos J | 2007 | Energy Policy2007，35，12： | 1 |
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