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| 1 | Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment显示文摘Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any age.It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually worldwide.The daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs.Given the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this condition.Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins.In this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D.We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease prevention.Through a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages. | Adebola Matthew Giwa Rizwan Ahmed Zahra Omidian Neha Majety Kagan Ege Karakus Sarah M Omer Thomas Donner Abdel Rahim A Hamad | 2020 | World Journal of Diabetes2020，11，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Effect of high temperature lean aging on the performance of Pt, Pd/CeO2 and rare earth/alkaline earth doped Pt,Pd/CeO2 catalysts显示文摘 | Nunan J G Cohn M J Donner J T | 1992 | Catal today1992，14，： | 2 |
| 3 | Should determination of the karyotype be systematic for all malformations detected by obstetrical ultrasound显示文摘 | Staebler M Donner C Regemorter NV | 2005 | Prenat Disgn2005，25，7： | 1 |
| 4 | Career planning and develop- ment for nurses: the time has eome显示文摘 | Donner G J Wheeler M M | 2001 | Int Nurs Rev2001，48，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma:a cytogenetic,immunohistochemical,and ultrastructural study of an unusual histological variant显示文摘 | Donner L R Clawson K Dobin S M | 2000 | Cancer Genet Cytogenet2000，119，： | 1 |
| 6 | Expression and function of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in Kupffer cells 显示文摘 | KEITEL V DONNER M WINANDY S | 2008 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2008，372，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Up regulation of basolateral multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3) in cholestatic rat liver 显示文摘 | Donner M G Keppler D | 2001 | Hepatology2001，34，： | 1 |
| 8 | Expression and function of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in Kupffer cells显示文摘 | Keitel V Donner M Winandy S | 2008 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2008，372，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Update on insulin therapy for type 2 diabetrs显示文摘 | Donner T Munoz M | 2012 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2012，97，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonists:cardiovascular safety in patients with obstructive lung disease显示文摘 | Cazzola M Matera M G Donner C F | 2005 | Drugs2005，65，12： | 1 |
| 11 | MPLS-based satellite constellation networks显示文摘 | Donner A Berioli M Werner M | 2004 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications2004，22，3： | 1 |
| 12 | 显示文摘 | Donners J J J M Hoogenboom R Schenning A P H J | 2002 | Langmuir2002，18，： | 1 |
| 13 | Total synthesis of (R)-semixanthomegnin and the X-ray crystal structure of ( ± ) -7-chloro-10-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1 H- naphtho pyran-1,6,9-trione 显示文摘 | Coterill AS Donner CD Gill M | 2003 | Aust J Chem2003，56，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Long-term treatment of cancer pain with transdermal fentanyl显示文摘 | Donner B Zenz M Strumpf M | 1998 | J Pain Symptom Manage1998，15，3： | 1 |
| 15 | MPLS-based Satellite Constellation Networks显示文摘 | Donner A Berioli M | 2004 | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications2004，22，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The CD40-TRAF6 axis is the key regulator of the CIM0/CIMOL system in neointima formation and arterial remodeling 显示文摘 | Donners M Beckers L Lievens D | 2008 | Blood2008，111，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Activation of endothelial cell protease activated receptor 1 by the protein C pathway显示文摘 | Riewald M Petrvan RJ Donner A | 2002 | Science2002，296，： | 1 |
| 18 | Tube- less laryngotracheal surgery in infants and children via iet vet ventilation laryngoscope显示文摘 | GRASL M C DONNER A SCHRAGL E | 1997 | Laryngoscope1997，107，： | 1 |
| 19 | Transdermal fentanyl: a new step in the therapetic ladder显示文摘 | Donner B Zenz M | 1995 | Anticancer Drugs1995，6，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies显示文摘 | Walter SD Eliasziw M Donner A | 1998 | Statistics in Medicine1998，7，1： | 1 |
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