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| 1 | Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders显示文摘Deep brain stimulation(DBS) is emerging as a pow-erful tool for the alleviation of targeted symptoms in treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the expanding use of neuropsychiatric DBS, the mecha-nisms responsible for its effects are only starting to be elucidated. Several modalities such as quantitative elec-troencephalography as well a intraoperative recordings have been utilized to attempt to understand the under-pinnings of this new treatment modality, but functional imaging appears to offer several unique advantages. Functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomog-raphy and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been used to examine the effects of focal DBS on activ-ity in a distributed neural network. These investigations are critical for advancing the field of invasive neuro-modulation in a safe and effective manner, particularly in terms of defining the neuroanatomical targets and refining the stimulation protocols. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current functional neuroim-aging findings from neuropsychiatric DBS implantation for three disorders: treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. All of the major targets will be discussed(Nucleus ac-cumbens, anterior limb of internal capsule, subcallosal cingulate, Subthalamic nucleus, Centromedial nucleus of the thalamus-Parafasicular complex, frontal pole, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). We will also address some apparent inconsistencies within this literature, and suggest potential future directions for this promis-ing area. | Nolan R Williams Joseph J Taylor Kayla Lamb Colleen A Hanlon E Baron Short Mark S George | 2014 | World Journal of Radiology2014，6，10： | 6 |
| 2 | Selective Deactivation of Gibberellins below the Shoot Apex is Critical to Flowering but Not to Stem Elongation of Lolium显示文摘赤霉素(气体) 在 GA1 的合成在植物高度和基因块引起戏剧的增加解释相形见绌 Mendel 的豌豆。为 flowering,是 GA5 重要在长天(LD ) 应答的草, Lolium。当我们这里出现,因为他们被 C-2 hydroxylation 在射击顶下面撤销, GA1 和 GA4 为 flowering 在他们的有效性被限制。相反,因为它的结构的保护, GA5 是有效的。切除植物的射击尖端很快降级[14C ] GA1,[14C ] GA4,并且[14C ] GA20 (>80% 在 6 ? h ) ,然而并非[14C ] GA5。偶然,编码二 2-oxidases 的基因和通常认为的 1617-epoxidase 最就在射击顶下面被表示(< 3 ? 公里) 。进一步击倒不成熟的茎(> 4 ? 公里) ,这些 GA 释放基因的表示被减少,那么允许 GA1 和 GA4 支持接近顶点的茎延伸。随后, GA 降级在花地导致的射击尖端和这些气体衰退能为花的开发变得活跃。稳定 GA4 的结构的变化证实在 florigenicity 和限制 GA 2-hydroxylation 之间的连接(例如 2-hydroxylation 和 C-2 di-methylation ) 。另外,一个 2-oxidase 禁止者(Trinexapac 乙醇) 提高了应用 GA4 的活动,作为做了在 16,17-dihydro 气体或在 C-13 hydroxylation 以后限制 C-16,17 epoxidation。总的来说,就在射击顶下面的 GA1 和 GA4 的释放有效地在 Lolium 限制他们的 florigenicity,相反地,与 GA5,对释放的 C-2 和 C-13 保护允许它的高 florigenicity。思索地,在草的射击顶的 GA 存取的如此的差别可能为把花的正式就职与开花期出现分开是重要的并且能因此在草食动物 predation 的条件下面影响他们的幸存。 | Rod W. King Lewis N. Mander Torben Asp Colleen R MacMillan Cheryl A. Blundell Lloyd T. Evans | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Evidence for a third taxonomic subgroup of Peanut stunt virus from china显示文摘 | Xu Z Y Colleen M H Chen K R | 1998 | Plant Disease1998，82，9： | 1 |
| 4 | DNA methylation analysis of the promoter region of the human telomerse reverse transcriptase(hTERT) gene显示文摘 | Theodora R Izumi H Colleen H | 1999 | Cancer Res1999，59，24： | 1 |
| 5 | Nurse-coached intervention for the families of patients in critical care units显示文摘 | Mary E Susn R Colleen G | 2000 | Critical Care Nurs2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Thermooxidative Study of Raw Natural Rubber from Brazilian IAC 300 Series Clones显示文摘 | Martins M A Moreno R M B Colleen M McMahan | 2008 | Thermochimica Acta2008，474，12： | 1 |
| 7 | The soil and water assessment tool:Historical,development,applications,and future research directions显示文摘 | Philip W G Manuel R R Colleen H G | 2007 | Trans ASAE2007，50，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Survival in renal cell carcinoma: a randomized evaluation of tamoxifen vs interleukin 2, α - interferon(leucocyte) and tamoxifen显示文摘 | Henriksson R Nilsson S Colleen S | 1998 | Br J Cancer1998，77，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Soil microbial response in tallgrass prairie to elevated CO2 显示文摘 | Charles W R Femando O G Colleen O H | 1994 | Plant and Soil1994，165，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Using Ssynchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy to reveal chemical features of feather protein secondary structure:comparison with other feed protein sources显示文摘 | Peiqiang Yu John J Mckinnon Colleen R Chrostensen | 2004 | J Agric Food Chem2004，52，： | 1 |
| 11 | Nurse-coached intervention for the families of patients in critical care units显示文摘 | Mary E Suan R Colleen G | 2000 | Critical Care Nurse2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Nurse-coached intervention for the families of patients in critical care units 显示文摘 | Mary E Susn R Colleen G | 2000 | Critical Care Nurse2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Toxic epidermal necrolysis in children : medical, surgical, and ophthalmologic considerations 显示文摘 | Sunali G Punkaj G Colleen R | 2009 | J Bum Care Res2009，30，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Epidermal growth factor receptor activation under oxidative stress fail to promote c-Cb1 mediated down-regulation显示文摘 | Tommer R Colleen S Peter G | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，31： | 1 |
| 15 | Rapid fluorescent antibody tests for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) utilizing monoclonal antibodies to the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein 显示文摘 | Jeanene M A Aandra S R Colleen P H | 1991 | Aquatic Animal Health1991，3，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Platelet-Mediated Modulation of Adaptive Immunity显示文摘 | Bennett D Elzey Jun Tian Robert J Jensen Axel K Swanson Jason R Lees Steven R Lentz Colleen S Stein Bernhard Nieswandt Yiqiang Wang Beverly L Davidson Timothy L Ratliff | 2003 | Immunity2003，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Auditory steady state response in bipolar disorder:reation to clinical state,cognitive performance, med icationstatus, and substancedisorders显示文摘 | Olga R Giri K Colleen A B et aI | 2010 | Bipolar Disord2010，12，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Nurse coached intervention for the families of patients in critical care units显示文摘 | Mary E Suso R Colleen G | 2000 | Critical Care Nurse2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Nurse-coached intervention for the families of patients in critical care units显示文摘 | Suan R Colleen G | 2000 | Critical Care Nurse2000，20，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Evaluating clinical educators : An employer's perspective 显示文摘 | Wellard J Colleen R Fergosen SD | 1995 | Journal of Advanced Nursing1995，21，： | 1 |
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