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| 1 | Development of real-time laser-scanning system to detect tree canopy characteristics for variable-rate pesticide application显示文摘Improving pesticide application efficiency is increasingly important in orchard spraying.In this study,a laser-scanning system was designed to acquire gridding volumes of a tree to quantify the geometry characteristics of the tree canopy in real-time.A laser-scanning sensor mounted on a linear guide was utilized to measure the structure of a target tree canopy.A computer was used to receive measurement data from the laser scanner and obtain the movement distance of the laser-scanning sensor from a controller.An algorithm written with VC#program was designed to calculate gridding volumes of trees by recognizing valid measurement data from the laser scanner.Laboratory evaluations were conducted on three kinds of regular objects,and the maximum relative errors of section volumes of the cuboid,triangular prism and cylinder objects were 3.3%,7.9%and 9.4%,respectively,which illustrated that the algorithm could calculate the section volumes in different parts of the objects with high accuracy.A conifer tree and an apple tree were chosen to verify detecting accuracy of the laser-scanning system at variable speeds and grid sizes.The variation coefficients of total volumes for each kind of the tree were 0.078 and 0.041,respectively,which indicated that the laser-scanning system could be applied to provide the gridding volumes of different canopy densities in real-time with good reliability for guiding a variable-rate sprayer. | Cai Jichen Wang Xiu Song Jian Wang Songlin Yang Shuo Zhao Chunjiang | 2017 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2017，10，6： | 14 |
| 2 | Modelling operation parameters of UAV on spray effects at different growth stages of corns显示文摘Currently,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)were widely applied to spray for pest and disease control.However,spray effect can be further improved by setting operation parameters more reasonably and scientifically.Therefore,this study attempts to derive the relationship between operation parameters and spray effect.Different growth stages were distinguished by various corn heights.A six-rotor UAV was operated at different heights and velocities to test pesticides spray effects for corns at different growth stages.Different plant canopy coverage rate and penetrating coefficients were obtained,according to which,the effects on droplet deposition rate caused by different UAVs’operation parameters were analyzed.Droplet penetrating coefficients were applied as indexes to evaluate and select UAVs operation parameters for corns at different growth stages respectively.Mathematical models of droplet penetrating coefficients with UAVs operation parameters were established for corns at all growth stages.The determination coefficients(R2)of all models were greater than 0.90 and average relative errors were within 20%,which asserted high forecasting accuracy of droplet penetrating rate.With the help of the models,parameters like operating height away from the bottom of corns and UAVs velocities were further analyzed,which guided the optimization of parameter settings and selection of spray methods for corns at different growth stages. | Zheng Yongjun Yang Shenghui Zhao Chunjiang Chen Liping Yubin Lan Tan Yu | 2017 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2017，10，3： | 13 |
| 3 | Design and test of tray-seedling sorting transplanter显示文摘In order to improve the automatic sorting and transplanting of tray-seedling and reduce labors strength,a new sorting transplanter was designed.According to the feature of normal seedling tray and manual grading method,the mechanical sorting procedure was defined.The key parts of sorting transplanter are as follows:an efficient transfer mechanism with aerodynamic buffer,a seedling identifying and measuring unit based on linear-structured vision,the extendible multi-grasper with wireless technology and the system controller.The experiments were conducted and showed that the transplanting success rate was 90.0% on the tray of 6×12 holes under the speed of 700 cycles per hour.The vision unit’s failed identifying rate for the superior pepper seedlings on five different trays was less than 10%,and the measurement error of seedling height was about 5 mm. | Feng Qingchun Zhao Chunjiang Jiang Kai Fan Pengfei Wang Xiu | 2015 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2015，8，2： | 12 |
| 4 | Vehicle Active Steering Control Research Based on Two-DOF Robust Internal Model Control显示文摘Because of vehicle's external disturbances and model uncertainties,robust control algorithms have obtained popularity in vehicle stability control.The robust control usually gives up performance in order to guarantee the robustness of the control algorithm,therefore an improved robust internal model control(IMC) algorithm blending model tracking and internal model control is put forward for active steering system in order to reach high performance of yaw rate tracking with certain robustness.The proposed algorithm inherits the good model tracking ability of the IMC control and guarantees robustness to model uncertainties.In order to separate the design process of model tracking from the robustness design process,the improved 2 degree of freedom(DOF) robust internal model controller structure is given from the standard Youla parameterization.Simulations of double lane change maneuver and those of crosswind disturbances are conducted for evaluating the robust control algorithm,on the basis of a nonlinear vehicle simulation model with a magic tyre model.Results show that the established 2-DOF robust IMC method has better model tracking ability and a guaranteed level of robustness and robust performance,which can enhance the vehicle stability and handling,regardless of variations of the vehicle model parameters and the external crosswind interferences.Contradiction between performance and robustness of active steering control algorithm is solved and higher control performance with certain robustness to model uncertainties is obtained. | WU Jian LIU Yahui WANG Fengbo BAO Chunjiang SUN Qun ZHAO Youqun | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2016，29，4： | 11 |
| 5 | High-throughput phenotyping: Breaking through the bottleneck in future crop breeding显示文摘With the rapid development of genetic analysis techniques and crop population size,phenotyping has become the bottleneck restricting crop breeding.Breaking through this bottleneck will require phenomics,defined as the accurate,high-throughput acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes during crop growth at organism-wide levels,ranging from cells to organs,individual plants,plots,and fields.Here we offer an overview of crop phenomics research from technological and platform viewpoints at various scales,including microscopic,ground-based,and aerial phenotyping and phenotypic data analysis.We describe recent applications of high-throughput phenotyping platforms for abiotic/biotic stress and yield assessment.Finally,we discuss current challenges and offer perspectives on future phenomics research. | Peng Song Jinglu Wang Xinyu Guo Wanneng Yang Chunjiang Zhao | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，3： | 10 |
| 6 | Geochemical characteristics and applications of 18α(H)-neohopanes and 17α(H)-diahopanes显示文摘Distributions and geochemical significances of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes in oils from west Xialiaohe depression of the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied. Relative abundance of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes can be effectively used as maturity parameters, in a range of medium-high mature stage, based on consideration on sedimentary-organic facies of source rocks. With a dual geochemical significance of maturity and sedimentary-organic facies, neohopane and diahopane parameters can be well used in oil-source correlation and in petroleum population division. Formation, primary concentration and preservation of precursors of rearranged hopanes are closely related to depositional conditions such as Eh-pH and clays content. A series of probable diahopanes (series D) was detected in the oils, which exhibits a similar distribution pattern and geochemical behavior as that of 17α(H)-diahopanes (series B). | WANG Chunjiang, FU Jiamo, SHENG Guoying, XIAO Qianhua, LI Jinyou, ZHANG Yali & PIAO Mingzhi1. Slate Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guang/hou 510640, China 2. Department of Geosciences, Petroleum University, Beijing 102200, China 3. Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation, Liaohe Bureau of Petroleum Exploration, Panjin 240000, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，19： | 9 |
| 7 | Mechanism Study of Chlorine Release During Biomass Pyrolysis显示文摘以稻草为主要研究对象,以含氯生物质模化物为对照,通过管式炉、热重红外联用以及理论计算,对生物质中无机氯的热解析出机制进行探索。管式炉热解试验表明:低温下(200~600℃1稻草和模化物中的KCl可以与活性基团反应而析出HCl;灰成分对低温条件下氯析出的过程可能有催化促进作用;模化物中的氯在高温区(〉600℃1主要以气态碱金属氯化物形式析出。TG.FTIR试验表明:稻草热解脱挥发分过程与HCl的析出之间存在直接的关联;管式炉稻草热解过程在较低温度条件下析出的cl是HCl;在高温区,碱金属氯化物和灰成分Si02之间未发生显著的化学反应。理论计算表明:生物质中的Cl是以碱金属氯化物形式存在的;碱金属氯化物在高温下(〉700℃)主要以蒸汽态进入气相;碱金属氯化物与SiO2的反应在高温下(800-900℃)可以进行。 | WU Peng YU Chunjiang Bai Jisong Li lian ming Huang Fang | 2013 | 中国电机工程学报2013，33，11： | 8 |
| 8 | A feasibility study on diag-nosing wheat water status using spectral reflectance显示文摘A total of 110 wheat leaf samples were collected in the field and their spectral reflectances were measured with a spectroradiometer in laboratory. After a spectral normalizing technique, the spectral absorption feature parameters such as the absorption depth and area, were extracted from each leaf spectrum. The relative water content (RWC) was measured for samples. The experimental results indicated that the spectral absorption depth and area of wheat leaves at 1 450 nm were correlated with their RWC. So we can diagnose wheat water status by using their spectral reflectances. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of developing new instruments based on the analysis of the spectroradiometer data for non-destructive and instantaneous measurement of the wheat water status in the field. | TIAN Qingjiu GONG Peng ZHAO Chunjiang GUO Xiaowei | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，8： | 6 |
| 9 | Characteristics of carbon storage in Shanghai's urban forest显示文摘Urban forest has undergone rapid development in China over the last three decades because of the acceleration of urbanization.Urban forest thus plays an increasingly important role in carbon sequestration at a regional and national scale.As one of the most urbanized cities in China,Shanghai showed an increase of forest coverage from 3% in the 1990s to 13% in 2009.Based on CITY-green model and the second soil survey of Shanghai,the forest biomass carbon(FBC) was estimated to be 0.48 Tg in the urban area and,forest soil organic carbon(SOC)(0-100 cm soil depth) is 2.48 Tg in the urban and suburban areas,respectively.These values are relatively within the median and lower level compared with other Chinese megacities,with the FBC of 0.02 Tg in Harbin to 47.29 Tg in Chongqing and the forest SOC of 1.74 Tg in Nanjing to 418.67 Tg in Chongqing.For the different land-use types in Shanghai,the SOC density ranges from 13.8(tidal field) to 38.6 t ha-1(agricultural land).On average,the forest SOC density(31.5 t ha-1) in Shanghai is lower than that in agricultural lands(38.6 t ha-1) and higher than that in lawns(26.5 t ha-1) and gardens(21.3 t ha-1).In Shanghai,the SOC density in newly established urban parks is generally lower than that in older parks.In the northern and southeastern suburban areas(e.g.,Baoshan,Yangpu,and Nanhui districts),greenspace SOC density is higher than that in the central commercial areas(Hongkou,Putuo,Changning,and Zhabei districts) and in newly developed district(Pudong District).Uncertainties still exist in the estimation of urban forest carbon in Shanghai,as well as in other Chinese cities.Thus,future research directions are also discussed in this paper. | WANG Zhe CUI Xuan YIN Shan SHEN GuangRong HAN YuJie LIU ChunJiang | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，10： | 6 |
| 10 | Quantitative assessment and significance of gas washing of oil in Block 9 of the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,NW China显示文摘Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tograms,this paper estimates the effect of oil migration and fractionation and the amount of depletion(Q)in terms of the n-alkanes depletion model.The results showed that the amount of depletion in the Ordovician reservoir is highest in the east of this block,e.g.the depletion is 97% in Well T904.The amount of Q gets lower to the west,e.g.the depletion is 53.4%in Well T115 and there is no sign of depletion in Well S69.It is suggested that the direction of gas washing is from the east to the west.The compositions and isotopic characteristics of associated gas in Ordovician oils indicated that the gas might be derived from Cambrian source rocks of the Caohu Depression which lies to the east of Block 9.In contrast,no obvious depletion of n-alkanes in Triassic oils was found,suggesting that the migration pathway of natural gas has been limited to the Ordovician karst fracture system formed in the Early Hercynian Orogeny.Different depletions of the Ordovician and Triassic oils can reveal fault activities in this region. | CUI Jingwei WANG Tieguan WANG Chunjiang LI Meijun | 2012 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2012，31，2： | 6 |
| 11 | Study of the kinetic behaviour of biomass and coal during oxyfuel co-combustion显示文摘In this study,the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)method has been used to evaluate the kinetic behavior of biomass,coal and its blends during oxyfuel co-combustion.The thermogravimetric results have been evaluated by the Coats-Redfern method and validated by Criado’s method.TG and DTG curves indicate that as the oxygen concentration increases the ignition and burn out temperatures approach a lower temperature region.The combustion characteristic index shows that biomass to coal blends of 28%and 40%respectively can achieve enhanced combustion up to 60%oxygen enrichment.In the devolatilization region,the activation energies for coal and blends reduce while in the char oxidation region,they increase with rise in oxygen concentration.Biomass,however,indicates slightly different combustion characteristic of being degraded in a single step and its activation energies increase with rise in oxygen concentration.It is demonstrated in this work that oxygen enrichment has more positive combustion effect on coal than biomass.At 20%oxygen enrichment,28%and 40%blends indicate activation energy of 132.8 and 125.5 kJ·mol^-1 respectively which are lower than coal at 148.1 kJ·mol^-1 but higher than biomass at 81.5 kJ·mol^-1 demonstrating synergistic effect of fuel blending.Also,at char combustion step,an increase in activation energy for 28%blend is found to be 0.36 kJ·mol^-1 per rise in oxygen concentration which is higher than in 40%blend at 0.28 kJ·mol^-1. | Oris Chansa Zhongyang Luo Chunjiang Yu | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2020，28，7： | 6 |
| 12 | Copper-ceria sheets catalysts: Effect of copper species on catalytic activity in CO oxidation reaction显示文摘Copper-ceria sheets catalysts with different loadings of copper(2 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%) supported on ceria nanosheets were synthesized via a depositioneprecipitation(DP) method. The prepared catalysts were systematically characterized with various structural and textural detections including X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS), and temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen(H_2-TPR), and tested for the CO oxidation reaction. Notably, the sample containing 5 wt.% of Cu exhibited the best catalytic performance as a result of the highest number of active CuO species on the catalyst surface. Further increase of copper content strongly affects the dispersion of copper and thus leads to the formation of less active bulk CuO phase, which was verified by XRD and H_2-TPR analysis. Moreover, on the basis of in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(in-situ DRIFTS) results, the surface Cu^+ species, which are derived from the reduction of Cu^(2+), are likely to play a crucial role in the catalyzing CO oxidation.Consequently, the superior catalytic performance of the copper-ceria sheets is mainly attributed to the highly dispersed CuO_x cluster rather than Cu-[O_x]-Ce structure, while the bulk CuO phase is adverse to the catalytic activity of CO oxidation. | Linying Du Weiwei Wang Han Yan Xu Wang Zhao Jin Qisheng Song Rui Si Chunjiang Jia | 2017 | Journal of Rare Earths2017，35，12： | 5 |
| 13 | A β-glucosidase-producing M-2 strain: Isolation from cow dung and fermentation parameter optimization for flaxseed cake显示文摘Flaxseed cake contains cyanogenic glucosides, which can be metabolized into hydrocyanic acid in an animal's body, leading to asphyxia poisoning in cells. Beta-glucosidase is highly efficient in degrading cyanogenic glucosides. The Cattle may have b-glucosidase-producing strains in the intestinal tract after eating small amounts of flaxseed cake for a long time. This study aimed to isolate of a strain from cow dung that produces b-glucosidase with high activity and can significantly reduce the amount of cyanogenic glucosides. We used cow dung as the microflora source and an esculin agar as the selective medium. After screening with 0.05% esculin and 0.01% ferric citrate, we isolated 5 strains producing high amounts of b-glucosidase. In vitro flaxseed cake fermentation was fermented by these 5 strains, in which the strain M-2 exerted the best effect(P < 0.05). The strain M-2 was identified as Lichtheimia ramosa and used as the fermentation strain to optimize the fermentation parameters by a single factor analysis and orthogonal experimental design. The optimum condition was as follows: inoculum size3%, water content 60%, time 144 h, and temperature 32℃. Under this condition, the removal rate of cyanogenic glucosides reached 89%, and crude protein increment reached 44%. These results provided a theoretical basis for the removal of cyanogenic glucosides in flaxseed and the comprehensive utilization of flaxseed cake. | Chenhui Li Junshu Wei Yaping Jing Baoxia Teng Pingrong Yang Xinjun Chen Haiying Huang Tang Zhao Tuanjie Che Chunjiang Zhang | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，1： | 5 |
| 14 | Geochemical significance of the relative enrichment of pristane and the negative excursion of δ^(13)C_(Pr) across the Permian-Triassic Boundary atMeishan, China显示文摘Changes in the distribution of isoprenoid hy-drocarbons and in δ 13Ckero or δ 13CPr across the section from the Changxing Formation to the lower Yinkeng Formation at Meishan (the GSSP of PTB) are studied, in which a relative enrichment of pristane and a sharp shift in both δ 13Ckero and δ 13Cmole near the boundary are revealed. A possible mecha-nism for the abnormal accumulation of pristane near PTB is suggested: Lipids in some marine animals and their metabo-lites, rich in pristane, can be preserved and accumulate in some suitable depositing facies under certain special condi-tions, such as the catastrophic death of animals and/or de-veloping of an anoxic water column, and thus the pristane enrichment occurs in the sediment. The occurrences of iso-prenoid enrichment and high Pr/Ph ratios have been found in other typical marine anoxic sediments accompanied by mass extinction in various extent during the most important geological periods, such as Late Ordovician, end of Devonian,Early Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. These occurrences sup-port to a certain extent the above mechanism that interprets the genesis of a high Pr/Ph ratio in some typical marine an-oxic sediments. The synchronous sharp negative shifts in δ 13Cmole, δ 13Ckero and δ 13Ccarb from Beds 24 to 26 of the Me-ishan profile indicate that a sudden and strong variation of carbon source in the atmosphere-ocean system occurred during the quick but equable evolution from the end-Permian to Early Triassic, and the coupling between the pristane enrichment and negative shift in δ 13Ckero and δ 13CPr may well indicate the importance of the release of methane hydrates and marine anoxia in the end-Permian mass extinc-tion. | WANG Chunjiang LIU Yimei LIU Hongxiu ZHU Lei SHI Quan | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，19： | 5 |
| 15 | Adsorption and Regeneration of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)on Coal-Based Activated Carbon by Ferric Nitrate Modification显示文摘In this study,the Heishan coal was used to prepare a series of activated carbon(AC)samples via a vapor deposition method.The effects of the Fe(NO_(3))3/coal weight ratio on the physicochemical properties of the activated carbon were systematically investigated,and the AC samples were analyzed by the N2 adsorption-desorption technique,the scanning electron microscopy,the X-ray diffraction,the Raman spectroscopy,and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Furthermore,the adsorption properties of ethyl acetate were investigated.The results indicated that as the Fe(NO_(3))3/coal mass ratio increased from 1:8 to 1:2,the specific surface area,the total pore volume and the micropore volume initially increased and then decreased.The specific surface area increased from 560.86 m^(2)/g to 685.90 m^(2)/g,and then decreased to 299.56 m^(2)/g.The total pore volume and micropore volume increased from 0.29 cm^(3)/g and 0.17 cm^(3)/g to 0.30 cm^(3)/g and 0.22 cm^(3)/g,and then decreased to 0.16 cm^(3)/g and 0.10 cm^(3)/g,respectively.The optimized ratio was 1:8.During the activation process,iron ions infiltrated the activated carbon to promote the development of the pore structure,the pore size of which was between 2.5 nm and 3 nm in daimeter.This approach could enhance the capacity for adsorption of ethyl acetate.It is worth noting that the ACs displaying the largest specific surface area and total pore volume(685.90 m^(2)/g and 0.30 cm^(3)/g)were formed under the optimized activation conditions(950℃,20%(volume)of CO_(2),ratio 1:5),and the maximum AC capacity for adsorption of ethyl acetate was 962.62 mg/g.After seven repeated thermal regeneration experiments,the saturated AC adsorption capacity was still above 90%. | Jin Chunjiang Chen Huimin Wang Luyuan Cheng Xingxing Sun Rongfeng | 2021 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2021，23，3： | 4 |
| 16 | Nutrient resorption strategies of three oak tree species in response to interannual climate variability显示文摘Background:Nutrient resorption is critical for plants toward balancing their nutritional requirements and adapting to environmental variabilities,which further impacts litter quality and nutrient cycling.However,the interannual variability of nutrient resorption under climate change remains unclear.Methods:We investigated the five-year nutrient resorption efficiencies(NuRE,%)of 14 elements in three deciduous oak tree species(Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata,Q.glandulifera,and Q.variabilis)in a warm-temperate forest of Central China and assessed their relationships with interannual climate and soil factors.Results:Nutrient resorption did not differ between species but varied significantly between different years.For each year,N,P,S,K,C,Mg,and Zn were preferentially resorbed in all of the oak species in contrast to Ca,Na,Mn,Ba,Al,Fe,Cu,which were to some extent discriminated.Among the 14 elements,the NuRE of C,N,P,S,Ca,and Mg was more sensitive to interannual climate variations in the three oak species.The carbon resorption efficiency was significantly increased during the driest year of the study(2014);N resorption efficiency was reduced with temperature;whereas N and P resorption efficiency initially decreased and then increased with precipitation.Moreover,the elements with higher NuREs typically had lower coefficient of variation(CV)in all three oak species.Conclusions:Different oak species exhibited analogous nutrient conservation strategies in response to annual climate variabilities,and interannual climate variations strongly impacted plant nutrient resorption.Deciduous plants may establish a tradeoff mechanism to rebalance somatic nutrients for regrowth at the end of the growing season. | Baoming Du Huawei Ji Shirong Liu Hongzhang Kang Shan Yin Chunjiang Liu | 2021 | Forest Ecosystems2021，8，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Propagation model for 2.4 GHz wireless sensor network in four-year-old young apple orchard显示文摘Wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes exchange information via wireless signals,whose power can attenuate at different levels according to the propagation environment.The branches and leaves of young apple trees are much sparser than that of adult apple trees.Propagation rules such as propagation distance and attenuation rate are the parameters necessary to know before applying a WSN to a young apple orchard.Field tests were performed,and propagation distance and packet loss rate(PLR)were computed and compared under the two cases:a young apple orchard in fruit period and an open space to find the effect of the apple trees on radio propagation.A model of antenna height and propagation distance was created to forecast the extra path loss caused by the young trees.Validation experiments were performed in a different young apple orchard,and the validation results showed that 70% of R^(2) were higher than 0.7,while the smallest being 0.65;80% RMSE were smaller than 5.The new model was also compared with some classical models such as Cost 235,FITU,ITU-R,and Weissberger model,and the new model was proved to be the best. | Guo Xiuming Zhao Chunjiang | 2014 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2014，7，6： | 4 |
| 18 | Study on Tibetan Chicken embryonic adaptability to chronic hypoxia by revealing differential gene expression in heart tissue显示文摘Oxygen concentration is essential for appropriate metabolism.Hypoxia can exert a significant impact on physiological alteration of the cell and organism.Tibetan Chicken(Gallus gallus) is a Chinese indigenous breed inhabiting in Tibetan areas,which is also a chicken breed living at high altitude for the longest time in the world.It has developed an adaptive mechanism to hypoxia,which is demonstrated by that Tibetan Chicken has much higher hatchability than low-land chicken breeds in high-altitude areas of Tibet.In the present study,Tibetan Chicken fertilized full sib eggs were incubated up to Hamburger-Hamilton stage 43 under 13% and 21% oxygen concentration,respectively.Shouguang Chicken and Dwarf Recessive White Chicken were used as control groups.The hearts in all of the 3 chicken breeds under hypoxic and normoxic conditions were isolated and hybridized to Genechip Chicken Genome Array to study molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation to high altitude of Tibetan Chicken.As a result,50 transcripts highly expressed in hypoxia are screened out.Among up-regulated genes,some are involved in the gene ontology(GO) such as cell growth,cell difference,muscle contraction and signal transduction.However,the expression levels of 21 transcripts are lower in hypoxia than those in normoxia.Some down-regulated genes take part in cell communication,ion transport,protein amino acid phosphorylation and signal transduction.Interestingly,gene enrichment analyses of these differential gene expressions are mainly associated with immune system response and ion channel activity in response to stimulus.Moreover,the transcriptional expression profiles analyzed by hierarchical clustering and CPP-SOM software in all of the 3 different chicken breeds revealed that Tibetan Chicken is much closely related to Shouguang Chicken rather than Dwarf Recessive White Chicken.In addition,12 transcripts of Tibetan Chicken breed-specific expressed genes were identified,which seem to result in a more effective and efficient induction of energy demand and signal transduction of transcription and suppression of abnormal development in response to hypoxia.These findings will be beneficial in clarifying the adaptive molecular mechanism of Tibetan Chicken as well as providing new insight into cardiovascular disease at high altitude medicine. | LI Mei & ZHAO ChunJiang College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，3： | 4 |
| 19 | High-frequency stimulation of anterior nucleus thalamus improves impaired cognitive function induced by intra-hippocampal injection of Aβ1-40 in rats显示文摘 | Chen Ning Dong Shuai Yan Tingshuang Yan Na Ma Yu Yu Chunjiang | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，1： | 4 |
| 20 | Nozzle test system for droplet deposition characteristics of orchard air-assisted sprayer and its application显示文摘In order to obtain nozzle droplet deposition characteristics for sprayer mechanical design and variable spraying control algorithms,a nozzle droplet deposition characteristics test system for air-assisted spraying was designed.The test system can supply a stable wind site with precisely controlled air speed whose speed control ranges from 2 m/s to 16 m/s with maximum relative error of 4.5%.It can spray out a certain amount of liquid pesticide with adjustable spraying pressure which can be controlled with high precision while the maximum relative error is only 1.33%.The distribution of droplet deposition can be collected and measured by using the acquisition device and a pesticide deposition optical measurement system.The experiment of two-dimensional nozzle flow measurement was carried out.The results show that nozzle flow distribution is uniform and symmetric with“double-hump”shape in the spray range.Multi-nozzle overlapped droplet deposition ranges from 85%to 116%relative to the average.The nozzle droplet deposition experiment was completed.The experiment results show that in air-assisted spraying,the higher the wind speed,the less droplet deposition is affected by gravity.When the wind speed is higher than 12 m/s and spraying distance is 0.80 m,droplet deposition is concentrated on the originally designated point and hardly affected by gravity.The horizontal spray width becomes smaller with higher wind speed.When the wind speed is high,it can be considered that nozzle deposition only focuses on the nozzle center,if the position requirement is not very high in orchard spraying. | Zhai Changyuan Zhao Chunjiang Wang Xiu Li Wei Li Wei Zhu Ruixiang | 2014 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2014，7，2： | 4 |
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