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| 1 | 柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦地区古生代花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年显示文摘大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分,与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育。这些花岗岩具有两类不同的岩石地球化学特征,Ⅰ类以 Na_2O/K_2O 比值小于1、明显的负 Eu 异常和低 Sr、高 Y 为特征,具有 S-型花岗岩的属性,Ⅱ类以 Na_2O/K_2O 比值大于1、弱负 Eu 异常到正 Eu 异常和高 Sr、低 Y 为特征,具有Ⅰ-型花岗岩的属性,反映了它们的源岩及成因上的差异。锆石 SHRIMP U—Ph 定年结果表明,大柴旦地区花岗岩的年龄可分为三组,第一组年龄为446.3±3.9Ma,第二组年龄分别为408.6±4.4Ma、403.3±3.8Ma、401.8±3Ma,第三组年龄分别为374.5±1.6Ma、372±2.1Ma。结合区域地质特征,我们认为,第一组年龄可能反映了柴达木陆块与中南祁连板块碰撞的时代,第二组年龄可能反映了深俯冲地下的板块由于拆沉而折返的时代,第三组年龄可能反映了碰撞隆起后造山带上不同块体之间的伸展、滑塌的时代。 | 吴才来 郜源红 吴锁平 陈其龙 Joseph L.WOODEN Frank K.MAZADAB Chris MATTINSON | 2007 | 岩石学报2007，23，8： | 88 |
| 2 | 柴北缘西段花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其岩石地球化学特征显示文摘柴北缘西段出露的花岗岩主要有赛什腾山、团鱼山、嗷唠河和三岔沟等岩体,这些岩体的走向为北西向,与区域构造线方向基本一致.岩体的锆石SHRIMP U—Pb定年结果表明,它们的时代从早古生代的奥陶纪到晚古生代的泥盆纪和二叠纪.其中,赛什腾山岩体为(465.4±3.5)Ma,团鱼山岩体两期侵入岩的年龄分别为(469.7±4.6)和(443.5±3.6)Ma;它们均属早古生代奥陶纪;而嗷唠河岩体的石英闪长岩为(372.1±2.6)Ma,属晚古生代泥盆纪;三岔沟岩体也由两期侵入岩组成,其年龄分别为(271.2±1.5)和(260.4±2.3)Ma,属二叠纪.花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征表明,柴北缘早古生代花岗岩具有岛弧或活动大陆边缘花岗岩的属性,原岩可能为中元古代(1.03~1.15Ga)形成的、来源于亏损地幔的拉斑玄武质洋壳,它们的形成与板块的俯冲作用有关;晚古生代花岗岩继承了早古生代花岗岩的特点,其原岩可能为中元古代(1.18—1.29Ga)的岛弧根部下地壳,岩浆物质成分以壳幔混合源为主,它们的形成与造山隆起后不同块体之间的均衡调整有关. | 吴才来 郜源红 吴锁平 陈其龙 JosephL.Wooden FrankK.Mazadab Chris Mattinson | 2008 | 中国科学(D辑)2008，38，8： | 89 |
| 3 | 水-岩-气相互作用引起的水化学动态变化研究——以桂林岩溶试验场为例显示文摘利用多参数自动记录仪对桂林岩溶试验场的降水量、水位、水温、pH值和电导率进行了监测,数据采集间隔根据参数变化的程度由2min到1h不等。结果发现,岩溶裂隙水在洪水期间pH值呈降低趋势,而电导率呈升高的不寻常变化。与此相反,对于岩溶管道水,同样是在洪水期间,它的pH值是升高的,而电导率呈正常的降低。考虑到Ca2+和HCO-3分别为地下水中主要的阴阳离子(>90%),及它们与电导率的线性关系,计算得到了洪水期间方解石的饱和指数(SIc)和水的CO2分压(Pco2)的变化情况。发现洪水时裂隙水的Pco2高于正常情况的Pco2,而它的SIc值比正常情况低。与此相对,对于管道水,尽管同一洪水期间其SIc降低,但Pco2也降低。从这些结果,可以推断,至少有两个关键的过程控制着洪水期间的水化学变化。一个是雨水的稀释作用,另一个是水-岩-气的相互作用。然而,对于裂隙水来说,后者的作用可能更重要,即在洪水期间,高浓度的土壤CO2溶解于水中,则更具侵蚀性的水能溶解更多的石灰岩,从而增强水的电导率。而对于管道水,雨水的稀释作用更重要,因为研究区较高的pH和低电导率的雨水能更快地通过管道流出,所以,要了解岩溶系统水化学的变化,仅考虑水-岩相互作用是不够的,我们还必须重视CO2气体对岩溶系统中水化学变化的影响。总之。 | 刘再华 Chris GROVES 袁道先 Joe MEIMAN 姜光辉 何师意 | 2003 | 水文地质工程地质2003，30，4： | 103 |
| 4 | The Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD): assessing the accuracy of DFT formation energies显示文摘The Open Quantum Materials Database(OQMD)is a high-throughput database currently consisting of nearly 300,000 density functional theory(DFT)total energy calculations of compounds from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database(ICSD)and decorations of commonly occurring crystal structures.To maximise the impact of these data,the entire database is being made available,without restrictions,at www.oqmd.org/download.In this paper,we outline the structure and contents of the database,and then use it to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations therein by comparing DFT predictions with experimental measurements for the stability of all elemental ground-state structures and 1,670 experimental formation energies of compounds.This represents the largest comparison between DFT and experimental formation energies to date.The apparent mean absolute error between experimental measurements and our calculations is 0.096 eV/atom.In order to estimate how much error to attribute to the DFT calculations,we also examine deviation between different experimental measurements themselves where multiple sources are available,and find a surprisingly large mean absolute error of 0.082 eV/atom.Hence,we suggest that a significant fraction of the error between DFT and experimental formation energies may be attributed to experimental uncertainties.Finally,we evaluate the stability of compounds in the OQMD(including compounds obtained from the ICSD as well as hypothetical structures),which allows us to predict the existence of~3,200 new compounds that have not been experimentally characterised and uncover trends in material discovery,based on historical data available within the ICSD. | Scott Kirklin James E Saal Bryce Meredig Alex Thompson Jeff W Doak Muratahan Aykol Stephan Rühl Chris Wolverton | 2015 | npj Computational Materials2015，，1： | 62 |
| 5 | 旅游对传统村落的影响研究--以安徽齐云山为例显示文摘旅游影响一直是国内外旅游研究的重要课题,旅游地居民对旅游发展的感知是研究旅游影响的重要途径。此次调查以安徽省黄山市休宁县齐云山为例,采用问卷调查和现场访谈相结合的方式,运用SPSS、CATPACTM等软件对调查结果进行数理统计,从居民与游客角度分析了旅游开发给齐云山居民带来的经济、社会文化、环境的若干影响,以及居民对旅游业所持的态度。文章着重于探讨居民对于因旅游开发所带来的村落影响的感知,以及他们对于当前旅游影响的评测和对未来旅游发展的期待。 | 李萍 王倩 Chris Ryan | 2012 | 旅游学刊2012，27，4： | 51 |
| 6 | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated tumourigenesis in the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved process that has been well characterised in embryogenesis. Studies have shown that the aberrant activation of EMT in adult epithelia can promote tumour metastasis by repressing cell adhesion molecules,including epithelial (E)-cadherin. Reduced intracellular adhesion may allow tumour cells to disseminate and spread throughout the body. A number of transcription proteins of the Snail superfamily have been implicated in EMT. These proteins have been shown to be over-expressed in advanced gastrointestinal (GI) tumours including oesophageal adenocarcinomas,colorectal carcinomas,gastric and pancreatic cancers,with a concomitant reduction in the expression of E-cadherin. Regulators of EMT may provide novel clinical targets to detect GI cancers early,so that cancers previously associated with a poor prognosis such as pancreatic cancer can be diagnosed before they become inoperable. Furthermore,pharmacological therapies designed to inhibit these proteins will aim to prevent local and distant tumour invasion. | Ammar Natalwala Robert Spychal Chris Tselepis | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 44 |
| 7 | 中国大城市低收入邻里及其居民的贫困集聚度和贫困决定因素显示文摘基于2007年在中国6个大城市开展的大规模家庭户调查,采用FGT指数法和逻辑回归分析方法,探讨中国大城市低收入邻里及其居民的贫困集聚程度和决定因素。研究发现,老城衰败邻里的贫困集聚度最高,同时承受多重不利状况的下岗/失业人员的贫困集聚度也是最高;事实贫困、被剥夺感与社会福利分配之间存在不匹配现象。在贫困的决定因素方面,制度保障和市场薪酬对城市贫困的发生具有同等重要的作用,但对不同低收入邻里和不同社会群体又表现出不同的关联性。随着市场作用的加强,市场薪酬机制正在成为贫困产生的更为重要的决定性因素。 | 何深静 刘玉亭 吴缚龙 Chris Webster | 2010 | 地理学报2010，65，12： | 49 |
| 8 | New insights of T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis显示文摘干癣是 hyperproliferative keratinocytes 和 T 房间,树枝状的房间,巨噬细胞和 neutrophils 的渗入描绘的最普通的调停免疫者的长期的、煽动性的皮肤病之一。尽管干癣的致病充分没被理解,有宽大的证据,建议在皮肤的有免疫力的房间的 dysregulation,特别地 T 房间,在干癣开发起一个关键作用。在这评论,我们主要集中于病原的 T 房间并且讨论这些 T 房间怎么被激活并且在疾病致病包含了。最新识别的 ‘ professional’IL-17-producing 真皮的 γ δ在干癣的 T 房间和他们的潜在的角色将也被包括。最后,我们将简短为干癣处理在 T 房间和它的相关指向 cytokine 的治疗上总结最近的进步。 | Yihua Cai Chris Fleming Jun Yan | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，4： | 49 |
| 9 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of current insights in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Estimates of people suffering from overweight (one billion) and obesity (300 million) are increasing. The accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, in the absence of excess alcohol intake, has been described in the early sixties. It was not until 1980, however, that Ludwig et al named this condition nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Subsequently, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been used as a general name for conditions ranging from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to end-stage liver disease (cirrhosis). Many studies have demonstrated the significant correlation with obesity and insulin resistance. Other studies have revealed a signifi- cant correlation between hepatic steatosis, cardiovascu- lar disease and increased intima-media thickness. WHO estimated that at least two million patients will develop cirrhosis due to hepatic steatosis in the years to come. Longitudinal cohort studies have demonstrated that those patients with cirrhosis have a similar risk to devel- op hepatocellular carcinoma as those with other causes of cirrhosis. Taken all together, NAFLD has become the third most important indication for liver transplantation. There- fore, training programmes in internal medicine, gastroen- terology and hepatology should stress the importance of diagnosing this entity and treat properly those at risk for developing complications of portal hypertension and con- comittant cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, imaging tech- niques and the readily available therapeutic options. | Tim CMA Schreuder Bart J Verwer Carin MJ van Nieuwkerk Chris JJ Mulder | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，16： | 35 |
| 10 | 利用因子分析确定岩溶地下河系统水质的影响因素显示文摘根据云南南洞地下河系统2008年旱季的水化学分析结果,利用因子分析方法探讨地下水水质的影响因素及程度,结果表明:流域地下水成分变动范围较大,具有明显的空间变异性;地下水水质受人类活动、水岩作用过程和土壤等自然因素的共同影响,三个因素能够解释地下水水质形成的79%,其中人类活动是主要影响因素;地下水中的Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、K+主要受人类活动特别是农业和生活废水等因素的控制,Ca2+主要是水-岩作用的产物,但也受人类活动的影响,pH值、电导率受水岩作用过程和人类活动的影响,Mg2+、HCO3-受土壤CO2含量和水-岩作用过程的共同影响。 | 蒋勇军 吴月霞 Chris Groves 袁道先 Pat Kambesis 李林立 张贵 | 2009 | 水文地质工程地质2009，36，4： | 37 |
| 11 | 基于模糊综合评价的徒步休闲满意度研究--以浙江省宁波市为例显示文摘徒步是主要的户外休闲活动类型之一,如何测量其满意度已经成为一个亟待解决的科学问题。文章以浙江省宁波市两个休闲步道的调研数据为基础,借鉴Beard和Ragheb休闲满意度量表,使用问卷调查和探索性因子分析等方法构建了徒步休闲满意度评价指标体系,利用模糊综合评价法对徒步休闲满意度进行了测评,采用重要性及其表现分析(IPA)法对影响徒步休闲满意度的变量要素进行重要程度和满意程度分析,最后提出了提升徒步休闲满意度的对策与建议。结论表明:(1)徒步休闲总体满意度模糊综合评价分值为4.095,为'比较满意'等级。(2)放松满意度模糊综合评价结果为4.305,高于其他5个要素;位居第二和第三的分别是身体满意度和心理满意度,其评价结果为4.235和4.158,三者均为'比较满意'等级;而社会、教育和美感满意度模糊综合评价结果为3.964、3.963和3.872,为'基本满意'等级。(3)IPA结果显示,心理满意度中的大部分指标重要性和满意度均较高,是案例地开展徒步休闲活动的优势所在,未来应该继续保持;放松满意度的全部指标和身体满意度的大部分指标满意度高而重要性低,将来应持续改进;教育和美感满意度的大部分指标重要性高,而满意度均较低,未来亟须改进。(4)浙江省宁波市两个案例步道应通过拓展教育功能、提升规划设计水平、提高步道及其周边环境质量等途径提升游客满意度。 | 李萍 周彬 Chris RYAN 文俊 | 2018 | 旅游学刊2018，33，5： | 36 |
| 12 | 卫生经济学评价报告标准共识2022(CHEERS 2022):卫生经济学评价报告指导意见更新版显示文摘卫生经济学评价是对备选行动方案的成本和结果的比较分析。2013年发表的《卫生经济学评价报告标准共识》(CHEERS)提出了卫生经济学评价的特点,确保结果正确阐释,以支持决策制订。2013版CHEERS旨在指导研究报告撰写者准确报告卫生干预和对照措施、背景、过程、结果等评价细节,使审稿人理解文章内容,帮助读者使用研究结果。本版共识将取代2013版共识,其更加适用于各类卫生经济学评价,结合学科发展和方法更新的需要,更注重患者、公众等相关利益方的参与。本共识适用多种个体或人群健康干预措施(简单或复杂)在不同政策场景的应用分析,包括医疗服务、公共卫生、教育、社会服务等。本文概要介绍了CHEERS 2022共识中包含的28个检查项及每一个检查项的相关建议。CHEERS 2022共识主要用于指导研究人员撰写拟投递同行评议学术期刊的卫生经济学评价文章,亦可用于期刊编辑和审稿专家对待发表文章的评价。熟悉了解本共识要求,还有助于研究人员规划评价研究。随着决策透明度要求提高,本共识可支持卫生技术评估机构建立评价报告标准。 | Don Husereau Michael Drummond Federico Augustovski Esther de Bekker-Grob Andrew H Briggs Chris Carswell Lisa Caulley Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk Dan Greenberg Elizabeth Loder Josephine Mauskopf C Daniel Mullins Stavros Petrou Raoh-Fang Pwu Sophie Staniszewska on behalf of CHEERSISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force 肖月(译) 邱英鹏(译) 史黎炜(译) 张治国(译) 张歆(译) 王海银(译) 翟铁民(译) | 2022 | 英国医学杂志中文版2022，25，8： | 31 |
| 13 | Small bowel capsule endoscopy in 2007:Indications,risks and limitations显示文摘囊内视镜检查法有 revoluzionized 由提供一个可靠方法评估的小肠的学习,内视镜的联盟者,全部小肠。在最后六年里,几份报纸被出版了处于不同临床的条件探索这考试的可能的角色。在现在的时间囊,内视镜检查法通常被推荐为第三考试,在否定双向内视镜检查法以后,在有阴暗胃肠的流血的病人。证据的成长身体也处于象 Crohn 的疾病,乳糜泻,小肠息肉病症候群或小肠肿瘤那样的另外的临床的条件为这考试建议一个重要角色。这考试的主要复杂并发症是在以前未知的小肠苛评的地点的设备的保留。然而,也由于这个工具的技术限制主要有一些另外的开的问题(它没从遥控被驾驶,是不能的拿活体检视到 insufflate 空气,正确地缩放并且定位损害到 suck 液体或碎片并且到有时) 。最近发达的双汽球肠脓毒病,尽管侵略、耗时,由于它的能力指向了活体检视探索小肠的大部分并且拿,能克服囊内视镜检查法的一些限制。在现在预定,在临床的条件的多数(即阴暗官方补给的流血),赢的策略似乎是联合这二种技术探索小肠在一无痛苦,安全、完全的方法(与囊内视镜检查法)并且识别了定义并且对待损害(与两倍汽球肠寄生物)。 | Emanuele Rondonotti Federica Villa Chris JJ Mulder Maarten AJM Jacobs Roberto de Franchis | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，46： | 30 |
| 14 | Structure and function of aggrecan显示文摘Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan. | CHRIS KIANI, LIWEN CHEN, YAO JIONG WU, ALBERT J YEE, BURTON B YANG, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patobiology, 2 Department of Surgeny, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，1： | 27 |
| 15 | History of the infantile hepatic hemangioma:From imaging to generating a differential diagnosis显示文摘We aim to provide an up-to-date summary of infantile hepatic hemangioma(IHH) and its misnomers and to dialectically present the differential diagnosis of these rare entities of the liver.Eligible peer-reviewed articles on hepatic infantile hemangiomas,published between 2000 and 2015,were reviewed for this study.IHH is the most common hepatic vascular tumor in children.Once a liver mass is identified in an infant,the differential diagnosis ranges from vascular malformations to benign and malignant tumors including mesenchymal hamartoma,hepatoblastoma,metastatic neuroblastoma,so careful physical examination,imaging studies,and,if indicated,tumor markers and biopsy,are of pivotal importance to ascertain the correct diagnosis.Despite the benign nature of IHHs,some of these lesions may demand medical and/or surgical intervention,especially for multiple and diffuse IHH.Complications can include hepatomegaly,hypothyroidism and cardiac failure.Therefore,a close follow-up is required until complete involution of the lesions.We propose an algorithm to guide the physicians towards the proper management of hepatic lesions. | Maria Gnarra Gerald Behr Alison Kitajewski June K Wu Sudha A Anupindi Carrie J Shawber Nick Zavras Dimitrios Schizas Chris Salakos Konstantinos P Economopoulos | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016，5，3： | 27 |
| 16 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 17 | Overexpression of Slug is associated with malignant progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To characterise expression of known E-cadherin repressors; Snail, Slug and Twist in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: E-cadherin, Slug, Snail and Twist mRNA expression in Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine cellular localisation and protein levels. The effect of Slug on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was examined by transfection of Slug into an adenocarcinoma line OE33.RESULTS: Cellular localisation of Slug in Barrett's metaplasia was largely cytoplasmic whilst in adenocarcinoma it was nuclear. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that Slug was more abundant in adenocarcinoma compared to matched Barrett's metaplastic specimens. Snail and Twist were expressed in adenocarcinoma but were cytoplasmic in location and not induced compared to Barrett's mucosa. These observations were supported by mRNA studies where only Slug mRNA was shown to be over-expressed in adenocarcinoma and inversely correlated to E-cadherin expression. Overexpression of Slug in OE33 mediated E-cadherin repression and induced the mesenchymal markers vimentin and fibronectin.CONCLUSION: Progression to adenocarcinoma is associated with increased Slug expression and this may represent a mechanism of E-cadherin silencing. | Paras Jethwa Mushal Naqvi Robert G Hardy Neil A Hotchin Sally Roberts Robert Spychal Chris Tselepis | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 24 |
| 18 | Defining the effect of sweep tillage tool cutting edge geometry on tillage forces using 3D discrete element modelling显示文摘The energy required for tillage processes accounts for a significant proportion of total energy used in crop production.In many tillage processes decreasing the draft and upward vertical forces is often desired for reduced fuel use and improved penetration,respectively.Recent studies have proved that the discrete element modelling(DEM)can effectively be used to model the soil–tool interaction.In his study,Fielke(1994)[1]examined the effect of the various tool cutting edge geometries,namely;cutting edge height,length of underside rub,angle of underside clearance,on draft and vertical forces.In this paper the experimental parameters of Fielke(1994)[1]were simulated using 3D discrete element modelling techniques.In the simulations a hysteretic spring contact model integrated with a linear cohesion model that considers the plastic deformation behaviour of the soil hence provides better vertical force prediction was employed.DEM parameters were determined by comparing the experimental and simulation results of angle of repose and penetration tests.The results of the study showed that the simulation results of the soil-various tool cutting edge geometries agreed well with the experimental results of Fielke(1994)[1].The modelling was then used to simulate a further range of cutting edge geometries to better define the effect of sweep tool cutting edge geometry parameters on tillage forces.The extra simulations were able to show that by using a sharper cutting edge with zero vertical cutting edge height the draft and upward vertical force were further reduced indicating there is benefit from having a really sharp cutting edge.The extra simulations also confirmed that the interpolated trends for angle of underside clearance as suggested by Fielke(1994)[1]where correct with a linear reduction in draft and upward vertical force for angle of underside clearance between the ranges of-25 and-5°,and between-5 and 0°.The good correlations give confidence to recommend further investigation of the use of DEM to model the different types of tillage tools. | Mustafa Ucgul John M.Fielke Chris Saunders | 2015 | Information Processing in Agriculture2015，2，2： | 24 |
| 19 | 城市化对杭州市鸟类营巢集团的影响显示文摘为了了解城市化对鸟类营巢集团的影响,2007年3月至2007年8月,沿城市化梯度在杭州地区的城区、城乡结合区、农田区、农林交错区和自然林区等类型栖息地内设置3000m长、100m宽的样线各18条,共计90条;并对其鸟类物种与群落营巢集团进行调查。调查共记录到繁殖鸟类96种,根据鸟类营巢位置可将其分为林冠枝干营巢集团、灌草丛营巢集团、林冠枝干/灌草丛营巢集团、自然洞穴营巢集团、人工建筑营巢集团、自然洞穴/人工建筑营巢集团地面营巢集团、水面营巢集团和寄生集团共9种。进一步分析显示,随城市化程度提高,鸟类营巢集团的数目呈整体下降趋势,而各集团的物种数也基本呈下降趋势。但是,不同的营巢集团对城市化的反应存在差异,导致其物种组成在群落中比例的明显变化。城市化程度的提高使树冠筑巢鸟、灌丛筑巢鸟、地面筑巢鸟及自然洞穴筑巢鸟在群落中所占的比例明显下降,其中地面筑巢鸟最为敏感,灌丛筑巢鸟次之。同时,自然洞穴/人工建筑集团的鸟类在群落中的比例却随着城市化程度的提高明显上升。各营巢集团之所以对城市化做出不同反应,是因为它们对筑巢地资源利用方式不同。此外,还发现植被盖度、人工设施面积、至市中心距离以及人为干扰等因素均可对鸟类营巢集团结构产生影响,但不同类型的营巢集团对上述因素的反应各异。 | 李鹏 张竞成 李必成 Chris Wood 蒋萍萍 丁平 | 2009 | Zoological Research2009，30，3： | 22 |
| 20 | Tumor initiation and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors, classification, and therapeutic targets显示文摘Hepatocellular 癌(HCC ) 每年是为 500 000 死亡负责的世界范围的一个主要健康问题。很多个风险因素与也被联系疾病或它的前进的正式就职;这些与肝炎 B 或 C 病毒,白酒消费,非酒精的 steatohepatitis 和某些先天的混乱包括感染。在约 80% 盒子, HCC 与肝硬化或先进纤维变性并且与发炎和氧化应力被联系。在这评论,我们为 HCC 第一集中于不同风险因素并且总结由哪个各被认为贡献 HCC 的机制。在第二部分,我们看涉及癌症前进的分子的过程。HCC 开发作为 multistep 进程被认出通常在许多年发展。在几个变化在房间和那积累的这个时期上刺激诽谤转变,生长,和变形行为。在最近的年,不仅肿瘤房间本身而且肿瘤 microenviroment 在一个肿瘤的发展起一个主要作用,变得明显。与这 microenviroment 在发炎和肝硬化的角色之间有一个直接连接。在 vitro 并且在 vivo,它被看了那肿瘤形成,变形性质被连接到上皮间充质的转变(EMT ) ,由 facillitates,肿瘤房间是尝试移居到更赞成的 microenviroment 的一个过程。几个组由 microarray 在 HCC 和它的包围织物分析了基因表示,这导致了分子的分类进班的一个不同数字。这里,我们也发现为组织缺氧的一个角色导致了基因表示导致一临床上在 HCC 的更好攻击的基因表示。分子的分析也帮助识别重要细胞的小径和可能的治疗学的目标。这样为肝癌症显示出临床的申请的第一个分子是 multikinase 禁止者 sorafenib,其它当前在象 mTOR 禁止者 everolimus 一样的临床的研究的不同阶段。 | Tamara SEVERI Hannah van MALENSTEIN Chris VERSLYPE Jos F van PELT | 2010 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2010，31，11： | 23 |
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