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| 1 | Effect of pronase as mucolytic agent on imaging quality of magnifying endoscopy显示文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of premedication with pronase,a proteolytic enzyme,in improving imagequality during magnifying endoscopy.METHODS:The study was of a blinded,randomized,prospective design.Patients were assigned to groups administered oral premedication of either pronase and simethicone(Group A)or simethicone alone(Group B).First,the gastric mucosal visibility grade(1-4)was determined during conventional endoscopy,and then a magnifying endoscopic examination was conducted.The quality of images obtained by magnifying endoscopy at the stomach and the esophagus was scored from1 to 3,with a lower score indicating better visibility.The endoscopist used water flushes as needed to obtain satisfactory magnifying endoscopic views.The main study outcomes were the visibility scores during magnifying endoscopy and the number of water flushes.RESULTS:A total of 144 patients were enrolled,and data from 143 patients(M:F=90:53,mean age 57.5 years)were analyzed.The visibility score was significantly higher in the stomach following premedication with pronase(73%with a score of 1 in Group A vs 49%in Group B,P<0.05),but there was no difference in the esophagus visibility scores(67%with a score of 1in Group A vs 58%in Group B).Fewer water flushes[mean 0.7±0.9 times(range:0-3 times)in Group A vs 1.9±1.5 times(range:0-6 times)in Group B,P<0.05]in the pronase premedication group did not affect the endoscopic procedure times[mean 766 s(range:647-866 s)for Group A vs 760 s(range:678-854 s)for Group B,P=0.88].The total gastric mucosal visibility score was also lower in Group A(4.9±1.5 vs 8.3±1.8in Group B,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The addition of pronase to simethicone premedication resulted in clearer images during magnifying endoscopy and reduced the need for water flushes. | Gwang Ha Kim Yu Kyung Cho Jae Myung Cha Sun-Young Lee Il-Kwun Chung | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 21 |
| 2 | Somatostatin adjunctive therapy for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal rebleeding after endoscopic therapy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of pantoprazole with a somatostatin adjunct in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB).METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective database in a tertiary care university hospital.From October 2006 to October 2008,we enrolled 101 patients with NVUGIB that had a high-risk stigma on endoscopy.Within 24 h of hospital admission,all patients underwent endoscopic therapy.After successful endoscopic hemostasis,all patients received an 80-mg bolus of pantoprazole followed by continuous intravenous infusion(8 mg/h for 72 h).The somatostatin adjunct group(n=49)also received a 250-μg bolus of somatostatin,followed by continuous infusion (250μg/h for 72 h).Early rebleeding rates,disappearance of endoscopic stigma and risk factors associated with early rebleeding were examined.RESULTS:Early rebleeding rates were not significantly different between treatment groups(12.2%vs 14.3%,P=0.766).Disappearance of endoscopic stigma on the second endoscopy was not significantly different between treatment groups(94.2%vs 95.9%,P=0.696).Multivariate analysis showed that the complete Rockall score was a significant risk factor for early rebleeding(P =0.044,OR:9.080,95%CI:1.062-77.595).CONCLUSION:The adjunctive use of somatostatin was not superior to pantoprazole monotherapy after successful endoscopic hemostasis in patients with NVUGIB. | Cheol Woong Choi Dae Hwan Kang Hyung Wook Kim Su Bum Park Kee Tae Park Gwang Ha Kim Geun Am Song Mong Cho | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，29： | 15 |
| 3 | Prevalence of clonorchiasis in patients with gastrointestinal disease: A Korean nationwide multicenter survey显示文摘AIM: To investigate prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and the relation of the infection to hepatobiliary diseases in 26 hospitals in Korea.METHODS: Consecutive patients who had been admitted to the Division of Gastroenterology with gastrointestinal symptoms were enrolled from March to April 2005. Of those who had been diagnosed with clonorchiasis, epidemiology and correlation between infection and hepatobiliary diseases were surveyed by questionnaire.RESULTS: Of 3080 patients with gastrointestinal diseases, 396 (12.9%) had clonorchiasis and 1140 patients (37.2%) had a history of eating raw freshwater fish. Of those with a history of raw freshwater fish ingestion, 238 (20.9%) patients had clonorchiasis. Cholangiocarcinoma was more prevalent in C. sinensis-infected patients than non-infected patients [34/396 (8.6%) vs 145/2684 (5.4%), P = 0.015]. Cholangiocarcinoma and clonorchiasis showed statistically significant positive cross-relation (P = 0.008). Choledocholithiasis, cholecystolithiasis, cholangitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and biliary pancreatitis did not correlate with clonorchiasis.CONCLUSION: Infection rate of clonorchiasis was still high in patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Korea, and has not decreased very much during the last two decades. Cholangiocarcinoma was related to clonorchiasis, which suggested an etiological role for the parasite. | Ho Gak Kim Jimin Han Myung-Hwan Kim Kyu Hyun Cho Im Hee Shin Gwang Ha Kim Jae Seon Kim Jin Bong Kim Tae Nyeun Kim Tae Hyeon Kim Tae Hyo Kim Jae Woo Kim Ji Kon Ryu Young-Soo Moon Jong Ho Moon Sung Jae Park Chan Guk Park Sung-Jo Bang Chang Heon Yang Kyo-Sang Yoo Byung Moo Yoo Kyu Taek Lee Dong Ki Lee Byung Seok Lee Sang Soo Lee Seung Ok Lee Woo Jin Lee Chang Min Cho Young-Eun Joo Gab Jin Cheon Young Woo Choi Jae Bok Chung Yong Bum Yoon | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 15 |
| 4 | Efforts to increase image quality during endoscopy:The role of pronase显示文摘Clear visualization of the gastrointestinal mucosal surface is essential for thorough endoscopy. An unobstructed assessment can reduce the need for additional timeconsuming manipulations such as frequent washing and suction,which tend to prolong total procedure time. However,mucus,foam,and bubbles often hinder clear visibility during endoscopy. Premedication with pronase,a compound of mixed proteolytic enzymes,has been studied in order to improve mucosal visibility during endoscopy. Although its effects differ according to the location in the stomach,premedication with pronase 10 to 20 min before endoscopy significantly improves mucosal visibility without affecting the accuracy of Helicobacter pylori identification. The effects of pronase as premedication also extend to chromoendoscopy,narrow-band imaging,magnifying endoscopy,and endoscopic ultrasonography. In addition,endoscopic flushing with pronase during endoscopy may improve the quantity and the quality of a biopsy to some degree. Although improved mucosal visibility does not necessarily improve clinical outcomes,premedication with pronase may be helpful for increasing the detection rate of early cancers. | Gwang Ha Kim Yu Kyung Cho Jae Myung Cha Sun-Young Lee Il-Kwun Chung | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，5： | 13 |
| 5 | Self-expandable metallic stents for palliation of patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction caused by stomach cancer显示文摘AIM: To ascertain clinical outcome and complications of self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic palliation of patients with malignant obstruction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed throughout August 2000 to June 2005 of 53 patients with gastric outlet obstruction caused by stomach cancer. All patients had symptomatic obstruction including nausea, vomiting, and decreased oral intake. All received self-expandable metallic stents. RESULTS: Stent implantation was successful in all 53 (100%) patients. Relief of obstructive symptoms was achieved in 43 (81.1%) patients. No immediate stent-related complications were noted. Seventeen patients had recurrent obstruction (tumor ingrowth in 14 patients, tumor overgrowth in 1 patient, and partial distal stent migration in 2 patients). The mean survival was 145 d. Median stent patency time was 187 d. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metallic stents is a safe and effective treatment for the palliation of patients with inoperable malignant gastric outlet obstruction caused by stomach cancer. | Tae Oh Kim Dae Hwan Kang Gwang Ha Kim Jeong Heo Geun Am Song Mong Cho Dong Heon Kim Mun Sup Sim | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，6： | 11 |
| 6 | Small molecule-based disruption of the Axin/β-catenin protein complex regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation显示文摘 | Jungsug Gwak Sun Gwan Hwang Hyung-Soon Park Sang Rak Choi Sun-Hee Park Hyunjoon Kim Nam-Chul Ha Sung Jin Bae Jin-Kwan Han Dong-Eun Kim Jeong Woo Cho Sangtaek Oh | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Pretreated Glehnia littoralis Extract Prevents Neuronal Death Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia through Increases of Superoxide Dismutase 1 and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expressions in the Gerbil Hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 Area显示文摘 | Joon Ha Park Tae-Kveono Lee Bing-Chun Yan Bich-Na Shin Ji Hyeon Ahn In Hye Kim Jeong Hwi Cho Jae-Chul Lee In Koo Hwang Jong Dai Kim Seongkweon Hong Young Joo Lee Moo-Ho Woll Il Jun Kang | 2017 | Chinese Medical Journal2017，，15： | 10 |
| 8 | Pretreated quercetin protects gerbil hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from transient cerebral ischemic injury by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes显示文摘Quercetin(QE; 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone), a well-known flavonoid, has been shown to prevent against neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic insults. However, few studies are reported regarding the neuroprotective mechanisms of QE after ischemic insults. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of QE on ischemic injury and the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampal CA1 region of gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient cerebral ischemia. QE was pre-treated once daily for 15 days before ischemia. Pretreatment with QE protected hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic injury, which was confirmed by neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. In addition, pretreatment with QE significantly increased the expression levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of animals with ischemic injury. These findings demonstrate that pretreated QE displayed strong neuroprotective effects against transient cerebral ischemia by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. | Bai Hui Chen Joon Ha Park Ji Hyeon Ahn Jeong Hwi Cho In Hye Kim Jae Chul Lee Moo-Ho Won Choong-Hyun Lee In Koo Hwang Jong-Dai Kim Il Jun Kang Jun Hwi Cho Bich Na Shin Yang Hee Kim Yun Lyul Lee Seung Min Park | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，2： | 9 |
| 9 | Clinicopathologic factors influencing the accuracy of EUS for superficial esophageal carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To identify clinicopathologic factors influencing the accuracy of a high-frequency catheter probe endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)for superficial esophageal carcinomas(SECs).METHODS:A total of 126 patients with endoscopically suspected SEC,who underwent EUS and curative treatment at Pusan National University Hospital during2005-2013,were enrolled.We reviewed the medical records of the 126 patients and compared EUS findings with histopathologic results according to clinicopathologic factors.RESULTS:A total of 114 lesions in 113 patients were included in the final analysis.The EUS assessment of tumor invasion depth was accurate in 78.9%(90/114)patients.Accuracy did not differ according to histologic type,tumor differentiation,tumor location,or macroscopic shape.However,accuracy significantly decreased for tumors≥3 cm in size(P=0.002).Overestimation and underestimation of the invasion depth occurred for 11(9.6%)and 13 lesions(11.4%),respectively.In multivariate analyses,tumor size≥3 cm was the only factor significantly associated with EUS accuracy(P=0.031),and was specifically associated with the underestimation of invasion depth.CONCLUSION:EUS using a high-frequency catheter probe generally provides highly accurate assessments of SEC invasion depth,but its accuracy decreases for tumors≥3 cm. | Jung Im Jung Gwang Ha Kim Hoseok I Do Youn Park Tae Kyun Kim Young Hwa Cho Yong Wan Sung Mun Ki Choi Bong Eun Lee Geun Am Song | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，20： | 9 |
| 10 | Glehnia fittoralis Extract Promotes Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of the Adult Mouse through Increasing Expressions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B显示文摘 | Joon Ha Park Bich Na Shin Ji Hyeon Ahn Jeong Hwi Cho Tae-Kyeong Lee Jae-Chul Lee Yong Hwan Jeon II Jun Kang Ki-Yeon Yoo In Koo Hwang Choong Hyun Lee Yoo Hun Noh Sung-Su Kim Moo-Ho Won Jong Dai Kim | 2018 | Chinese Medical Journal2018，，6： | 6 |
| 11 | Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: a single-center experience显示文摘 | Mun Ki Choi Gwang Ha Kim Do Youn Park Geun Am Song Dong Uk Kim Dong Yup Ryu Bong Eun Lee Jae Hoon Cheong Mong Cho | 2013 | Surgical Endoscopy2013，，11： | 6 |
| 12 | Adult intussusception caused by cystic lymphangioma of the colon:A rare case report显示文摘我们经历了结肠的 cys- tic 淋巴管瘤在为血粪的主诉进入我们的医院的 32 岁女性引起的摄取的一个盒子。在 colonoscopic 考试,有有光滑的粘膜表面的梗的膀胱的质量在下降冒号被注意。腹的 ultrasonography 和计算断层摄影术作为一个领先的点与一个多有细胞的囊性瘤揭示了左冒号摄取。突现的手术被动。在组织病理学说的考试上,膀胱的联盟者扩大了含纤维的氏族内皮细胞层和 septated 衬里的空格一是在场的。病理学的诊断是冒号的膀胱的淋巴管瘤。尽管摄取由于在一个成年人的淋巴管瘤是稀罕的,它应该它是可能的诊断的被考虑。 | Tae Oh Kim Jung Hyun Lee Gwang Ha Kim Jeong Heo Dae Hwan Kang Geun Am Song Mong Cho | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，13： | 6 |
| 13 | Pretreated Oenan the Javanica extract increases anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuates gliosis, and protects hippocampal neurons following transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils显示文摘Recently,we have reported that Oenanthe javanica extract(OJE)displays strong neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE have not been fully identified.Thus,this study investigated the neuroprotection of OJE in the hippocampal CA1 area and its anti-inflammatory activity in gerbils subjected to 5 minutes of transient global cerebral ischemia.We treated the animals by intragastrical injection of OJE(100 and 200 mg/kg)once daily for 1 week prior to transient global cerebral ischemia.Neuroprotection of OJE was observed by immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclear antigen and histofluorescence staining for Fluoro-Jade B.Immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 was done for astrocytosis and microgliosis,respectively.To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of OJE,we performed immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 for pro-inflammatory function and interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for anti-inflammatory function.When we treated the animals by intragastrical administration of 200 mg/kg of OJE,hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from transient global cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia-induced gliosis was inhibited in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area.We also found that interleukin-4 and-13 immunoreactivities were significantly increased in pyramidal neurons of the ischemic CA1 area after OJE pretreatment,and the increased immunoreactivities were sustained in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global cerebral ischemia.However,OJE pretreatment did not increase interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons.Our findings suggest that pretreatment with OJE can protect neurons and attenuate gliosis from transient global cerebral ischemia via increasing expressions of interleukin-4 and-13.The experimental plan of this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)in Kangwon National University(approval No.KW-160802-1)on August 10,2016. | Joon Ha Park In Hye Kim Ji Hyeon Ahn YooHun Noh Sung-Su Kim Tae-Kyeong Lee Jae-Chul Lee Bich-Na Shin Tae Heung Sim Hyun Sam Lee Jeong Hwi Cho In Koo Hwang Il Jun Kang Jong Dai Kim Moo-Ho Won | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，9： | 6 |
| 14 | Neuroprotection of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by anti-inflammatory effect in gerbils显示文摘In this study, we tried to verify the neuroprotective effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne(CIL) extract, which has been used as a botanical drug in East Asia, against ischemic damage and to explore the underlying mechanism involving the anti-inflammatory approach. A gerbil was given CIL extract for 7 consecutive days followed by bilateral carotid artery occlusion to make a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. Then, we found that CIL extracts protected pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region(CA1) from ischemic damage using neuronal nucleus immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence. Accordingly, interleukin-13 immunoreactivities in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of CIL-pretreated animals were maintained or increased after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. These findings indicate that the pre-treatment of CIL can attenuate neuronal damage/death in the brain after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via an anti-inflammatory approach. | Ki-YeonYoo In Hye Kim Jeong-Hwi Cho li Hyeon Ahn Joon Ha Park Jae-Chul Lee Hyun-Jin Tae Dae Won Kim Jong-Dai Kim Seongkweon Hong Moo-Ho Won il Jun Kang | 2016 | Neural Regeneration Research2016，11，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Prediction of effluent concentration in a wastewater treatment plant using machine learning models显示文摘Of growing amount of food waste, the integrated food waste and waste water treatment was regarded as one of the efficient modeling method. However, the load of food waste to the conventional waste treatment process might lead to the high concentration of total nitrogen(T-N) impact on the effluent water quality. The objective of this study is to establish two machine learning models—artificial neural networks(ANNs) and support vector machines(SVMs), in order to predict 1-day interval T-N concentration of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Ulsan, Korea. Daily water quality data and meteorological data were used and the performance of both models was evaluated in terms of the coefficient of determination(R^2), Nash–Sutcliff efficiency(NSE), relative efficiency criteria(d rel). Additionally, Latin-Hypercube one-factor-at-a-time(LH-OAT) and a pattern search algorithm were applied to sensitivity analysis and model parameter optimization, respectively. Results showed that both models could be effectively applied to the 1-day interval prediction of T-N concentration of effluent. SVM model showed a higher prediction accuracy in the training stage and similar result in the validation stage.However, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the ANN model was a superior model for 1-day interval T-N concentration prediction in terms of the cause-and-effect relationship between T-N concentration and modeling input values to integrated food waste and waste water treatment. This study suggested the efficient and robust nonlinear time-series modeling method for an early prediction of the water quality of integrated food waste and waste water treatment process. | Hong Guo Kwanho Jeong Jiyeon Lim Jeongwon Jo Young Mo Kim Jong-pyo Park Joon Ha Kim Kyung Hwa Cho | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，6： | 4 |
| 16 | Effects of nanopores and sulfur doping on hierarchically bunched carbon fibers to protect lithium metal anode显示文摘Studies on three-dimensional structured carbon templates have focused on how to guide homogeneous lithium metal nucleation and growth for lithium metal anodes(LMAs).However,there is still insufficient evidence for a key factor to achieve their high electrochemical performance.Here,the effects of nanopores and sulfur doping on carbon-based nanoporous host(CNH)electrode materials for LMAs were investigated using natural polymer-derived CNHs.Homogeneous pore-filling behaviors of lithium metal in the nanopores of the CNH electrode materials were first observed by ex situ scanning electron microscopy analysis,where the protective lithium metal nucleation and growth process led to significantly high Coulombic efficiency(CE)of~99.4%and stable 600 cycles.In addition,a comparison study of CNH and sulfurdoped CNH(S-CNH)electrodes,which differ only in the presence or absence of sulfur,revealed that sulfur doping can cause lower electrochemical series resistance,higher CE value,and better cycling stability in a wide range of current densities and number of cycles.Moreover,S-CNH-based LMAs showed high electrochemical performance in full-cell Li-S battery tests using a sulfur copolymer cathode,where a high energy density of 1370Wh kgelectrode−1 and an excellent power density of 4120Wkgelectrode−1 were obtained. | Ji In Jung Sunwoo Park Son Ha Se Youn Cho Hyoung-Joon Jin Young Soo Yun | 2021 | Carbon Energy2021，3，5： | 4 |
| 17 | Tacrolimus for children with refractory nephrotic syndrome:a one-year prospective,multicenter,and open-label study of Tacrobell®,a generic formula显示文摘Background:Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus(TAC)are often used as a second-line treatment for children with refractory nephrotic syndrome(NS).This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of Tacrobell®,a locally produced generic form of TAC.Methods:This study was a one-year prospective,open-label,single-arm,multicenter trial.Fourty-four children with steroid-dependent NS(SDNS)and 33 children with steroid-resistant NS(SRNS)were enrolled.The primary endpoints were defined as the remission rates,whereas the secondary endpoints were recognized as the duration of remission and adverse effects of TAC.Results:After one-year treatment,34(77.3%)of the 44 patients with SDNS were in complete remission,and 6(13.6%)were in partial remission.Nineteen(43.2%)patients did not relapse during the study;for those who did relapse,the mean duration of remission was 4.6±2.9 months.The number of relapse episodes during the study period(0.90 per patient-year)was significantly lower than that in the preceding year(2.8 per patientyear).After treatment for 3 and 6 months,12(36.4%)of the 33 patients with SRNS were in remission,and after treatment for 12 months,the number of patients had increased to 13(39.4%).The mean time to achieve remission was 4.0±3.2 months.After remission(duration,3.7±2.7 months),12(54.5%)of 22 patients relapsed.The fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels during the therapy were similar to those at the time of study entry.Conclusions:Treatment with Tacrobell®was effective and safe for children with refractory NS.The efficacy of this generic form of TAC was better than that of the original TAC formula. | Eun Mi Yang Sang Taek Lee Hyun Jin Choi Hee Yeon Cho Joo Hoon Lee Hee Gyung Kang Young Seo Park Hae Il Cheong Il-Soo Ha | 2016 | World Journal of Pediatrics2016，12，1： | 4 |
| 18 | Anterior segment congestion of a right liver lobe graft in living-donor liver transplantation and strategy to prevent congestion显示文摘 | SungGyu Lee KwangMin Park Shin Hwang KiHoon Kim ChulSoo Ahn DukBok Moon JungWoo Joo SungHoon Cho KiBong Oh TaeYong Ha HyunSeong Yang KyuTaek Choi KyuSam Hwang EunJoo Lee YoungSang Lee HanJoo Lee YoungHwa Chung MyungHwan Kim SungKoo Lee DongJin Suh KyuBo S | 2003 | Journal of Hepato - Biliary - Pancreatic Surgery2003，，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Oenanthe javanica extract increases immunoreactivities of antioxidant enzymes in the rat kidney显示文摘 | Hyun-Jin Tae Joon Ha Park Jeong-Hwi Cho In Hye Kim Ji Hyeon Ahn Jae Chul Lee Jong-Dai Kim Jinseu Park Soo Young Choi Moo-Ho Won | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，21： | 3 |
| 20 | Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia显示文摘Transient ischemia in the whole brain leads to neuronal loss/death in vulnerable brain regions. The striatum, neocortex and hippocampus selectively loose specific neurons after transient ischemia. Just 5 minutes of transient ischemia can cause pyramidal neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 field at 4 days after transient ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-minute (mild), 15-minute (severe), and 20-minute (lethal) transient ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) on behavioral change and neuronal death and gliosis (astrocytosis and microgliosis) in gerbil hippocampal subregions (CA1-3 region and dentate gyrus). We performed spontaneous motor activity test to evaluate gerbil locomotor activity, cresyl violet staining to detect cellular distribution, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry to detect neuronal distribution, and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence to evaluate neuronal death. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Ibal) to evaluate astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. Animals subjected to 20-minute BCCAO died in at least 2 days. BCCAO for 15 minutes led to pyramidal cell death in hippocampal CA1-3 region 2 days later and granule cell death in hippocampal de匚tate gyrus 5 days later. Similar results were not found in animals subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Gliosis was much more rapidly and severely progressed in animals subjected to 15-minute BCCAO than in those subjected to 5- minute BCCAO. Our results indicate that neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation following transient ischemia is significantly different according to regions and severity of transient ischemia. The experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AICUC) of Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-180124-1) on May 22, 2018. | Tae-Kyeong Lee Hyunjung Kim Minah Song Jae-Chul Lee Joon Ha Park Ji Hyeon Ahn Go Eun Yang Hyeyoung Kim Taek Geun Ohk Myoung Cheol Shin Jun Hwi Cho Moo-Ho Won | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，8： | 3 |
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