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| 1 | Monitoring dioxins and PCBs in eggs as sensitive indicators for environmental pollution and global contaminated sites and recommendations for reducing and controlling releases and exposure显示文摘This review compiles information on PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated eggs from 20 years of global egg monitoring around emission sources in four continents conducted by the International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN)and Arnika as well as a compilation of data from scientific literature.IPEN monitored 127 pooled egg samples including samples from 113 chicken flocks at potential PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated sites around priority sources listed in the Stockholm Convention(e.g.waste incinerators,metal industries,cement plants,and open burning).99(88%)of pooled egg samples were above the EU maximum limits for PCDD/Fs(2.5 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat)or the sum of PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs(5 pg PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/g fat).Children consuming such eggs exceed the tolerable weekly intake(TWI).This demonstrates that close to 90%of these areas were not safe for the production of free-range eggs.Sixteen out of the 113 egg samples(14%)were contaminated above 50 pg TEQ/g fat and exceeded the EU maximum limit more than 10 times.From the 26 pooled egg samples around incinerators 24(92%)exceeded the limit with a mean of 43.1 pg TEQ/g fat(2.6e234 pg TEQ/g).All 21 egg samples around metal industries(4.4e112.6 pg TEQ/g fat)were above limits with mean concentration of 26.0 pg TEQ/g fat.Also all 7 egg samples measured at e-waste recycling sites were above limits(mean 308 pg TEQ/g fat).In 58(51%)pooled egg samples the PCB-TEQ was above 5 pg TEQ/g fat exceeding the EU maximum limit with dioxin-like PCBs alone.This highlights the role of commercial PCBs for global contamination with dioxin-like compounds.It was discovered that around metal industries,shredder plants,open burning sites of e-waste and dump sites,a high share of contamination was caused by dl-PCBs.This clearly shows severe PCB release from the end-of-life management of PCB-containing equipment in developing countries.Also highly contaminated eggs were found at many sites where plastic was incinerated.The highest contaminated egg sample ever measured came from an e-waste site in Ghana and had 856 pg TEQ/g fat plus 300 pg TEQ from brominated dioxins(PBDD/Fs).Other extreme PCDD/F contaminations of eggs were found at a chlor-alkali site(514 pg TEQ/g fat),Agent Orange contaminated areas in Vietnam(490,249 and 246 pg TEQ/g fat)and e-waste sites(568 and 520 pg TEQ/g fat).Where DR CALUX®bioassay revealed higher TEQ compared to measured PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ in IPEN studies,polybrominated PBDD/F were also measured and detected up to 300 pg TEQ/g fat at e-waste sites.One positive outcome from the IPEN studies is that all 10 pooled supermarket eggs in developing countries were below regulatory limit.Policy recommendations are made including:a systematic assessment of areas around PCDD/Fs and PCBs sources;measures for reduction of exposures of populations;urgent control of emission sources including PCB equipment,the open burning of plastic,and the use of plastic as fuel in boilers/incinerators in developing countries without air pollution control.Furthermore,soil limits need to be re-assessed and lowered for free-range poultry. | Jindrich Petrlik Lee Bell Joe DiGangi Serge Molly Allo'o Allo'o Gilbert Kuepouo Griffins Ochieng Ochola Valeriya Grechko Nikola Jelinek Jitka Strakova Martin Skalsky Yuyun Ismawati Drwiega Jonathan N.Hogarh Eric Akortia Sam Adu-Kumi Akarapon Teebthaisong Maria Carcamo Bjorn Beeler Peter Behnisch Claudia Baitinger Christine Herold Roland Weber | 2022 | Emerging Contaminants2022，8，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Galectin-8 binds specific betal integrins and induces polarized spreading highlighted by asymmetric lmnellipodia in Jurkat T cells 显示文摘 | CARCAMO C PARDO E OYANADEL C | 2006 | Exp Cell Res2006，312，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Vitamin C enters mitochondria via facilitative glucose transporter 1 (Glutl) and confers mitochondri- al protection against oxidative injury显示文摘 | Kc S Carcamo J M Golde D W | 2005 | FASEB J2005，19，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Physical changes during active and passive composting of beef feedlot manure in winter and summer显示文摘 | Francis J Larney Andrew F Olson Alfredo A Carcamo | 2000 | Bioresouce technology2000，75，： | 1 |
| 5 | Regeneration of transgenic cassava plants(Manihot esculenta Crantz)from mi-crobombaraed embryogenic suspension cultures显示文摘 | SCHOPKE C TAYLOR N CARCAMO R | 1996 | Nature Biotech1996，14，： | 1 |
| 6 | Improvement of somatic embryogenesis and plant recovery in cassava显示文摘 | Helena Mathews C. Schopke R. Carcamo P. Chavarriaga C. Fauquet R. N. Beachy | 1993 | Plant Cell Reports1993，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Type Ⅰ receptors specify growth-inhibitory and transcriptional responses to transforming growth factorβand activin 显示文摘 | Weis FM Ventura F | 1994 | Mol Cell Biol1994，14，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Greenhouse studies of thiamethoxam effects on the pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus显示文摘 | Carcamo H Herle C Hervet V | 2012 | Journal of Insect Science2012，12，： | 1 |
| 9 | Caspase8dependentTRAILinducedapoptosisincancercelllinesisinhibitedbyvitaminCandcatalase显示文摘 | PEREZCRUZ I CARCAMO JM GOLDE D W | 2007 | Apoptosis:anInternationalJournalon Programmed CellDeath2007，12，： | 1 |
| 10 | Identification of humanactivin and TGF beta type I receptors that form heteromeric kinasecomplexes with type II receptors显示文摘 | Attisano L Carcamo J Ventura F | 1993 | Cell1993，75，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Renal candidias:percutaneous endoscopic treatment of the pyeloureteral fungus-ball显示文摘 | NAVARRO S HIDALGO T CARCAMO VP | 1990 | Arch Esp Urol1990，43，： | 1 |
| 12 | TGF-β signals through a heteromeric protein kinase receptor complex显示文摘 | Wrana JL< Attisano L Carcamo J | 1992 | Cell1992，71，： | 1 |
| 13 | Vitamin C suppresses TNFalpha-induced NF-kappa B activation by inhibiting I kappa B alpha phosphory-lation显示文摘 | Carcamo JM Pedraza A Borquez-Ojeda O | 2002 | Biochemistry2002，41，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Vitamin C prevents DNA mutation induced byoxidative stress 显示文摘 | Carcamo J M Golde DW | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，16： | 1 |
| 15 | Disruption of transforming growth factor beta signaling by a mutation that prevents transphosphorylation within the receptor complex显示文摘 | Carcamo J Zentella A Massague J | 1995 | Mol Cell Biol1995，15，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Emamectin benzoate treatment alters the expression and activity of CYP1A, FMO and GST in different tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 显示文摘 | Carcamo JG Aguilar MN Barrientos CA | 2014 | Aquaculture2014，4344，： | 1 |
| 17 | Vitamin C enters mitochondria via facilitative glucose transporter 1 (Glutl) and confers mitochondrial protection against oxidative injury显示文摘 | Sagun K C Carcamo J M Golde D W | 2005 | FASEB J2005，19，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced mitochondfial damage and apoptosis in human endothelial cells are inhibited by vitamin C显示文摘 | Dhar-Mascarefio M Carcamo J M Golde D W | 2005 | Free Radic Biol Med2005，38，10： | 1 |
| 19 | A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-beta and retinoic acid dependent mechanism显示文摘 | Coombes JL Siddiqui KR Arancibia Carcamo CV | 2007 | J Exp Med2007，204，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Caspase-8 dependent TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines is inhibited by vitamin C and catalase显示文摘 | Perez-Cruz I Carcamo JM Golde DW | 2007 | Apoptosis2007，12，1： | 1 |
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