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| 1 | Clinical significance of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public health problem in many countries, with nearly 300 million people worldwide carrying HBV chronic infection and over 1 million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Several hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) mutations have been described, most frequently due to a single amino acid substitution and seldom to a nucleotide deletion. The majority of mutations are located in the S region, but they have also been found in the pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions. Single amino acid substitutions in the major hydrophilic region of HBs Ag, called the 'a' determinant, have been associated with immune escape and the consequent failure of HBV vaccination and HBs Ag detection, whereas deletions in the pre-S1 or pre-S2 regions have been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review article will focus on the HBs Ag mutants and their biological and clinical implications. | Nicola Coppola Lorenzo Onorato Carmine Minichini Giovanni Di Caprio Mario Starace Caterina Sagnelli Evangelista Sagnelli | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 9 |
| 2 | Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind显示文摘To date,metformin remains the first-line oral glucose-lowering drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes thanks to its well-established long-term safety and efficacy profile.Indeed,metformin is the most widely used oral insulinsensitizing agent,being prescribed to more than 100 million people worldwide,including patients with prediabetes,insulin resistance,and polycystic ovary syndrome.However,over the last decades several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency.Of note,evidence suggests that long-term and high-dose metformin therapy impairs vitamin B12 status.Vitamin B12(also referred to as cobalamin)is a water-soluble vitamin that is mainly obtained from animal-sourced foods.At the cellular level,vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes that play a critical role in DNA synthesis and neuroprotection.Thus,vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of clinical consequences that include hematologic abnormalities(e.g.,megaloblastic anemia and formation of hypersegmented neutrophils),progressive axonal demyelination and peripheral neuropathy.Nevertheless,no definite guidelines are currently available for vitamin B12 deficiency screening in patients on metformin therapy,and vitamin B12 deficiency remains frequently unrecognized in such individuals.Therefore,in this“field of vision”article we propose a list of criteria for a cost-effective vitamin B12 deficiency screening in metformin-treated patients,which could serve as a practical guide for identifying individuals at high risk for this condition.Moreover,we discuss additional relevant topics related to this field,including:(1)The lack of consensus about the exact definition of vitamin B12 deficiency;(2)The definition of reliable biomarkers of vitamin B12 status;(3)Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency other than metformin therapy that should be identified promptly in metformin-treated patients for a proper differential diagnosis;and(4)Potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency.Finally,we briefly review basic concepts related to vitamin B12 supplementation for the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency,particularly when this condition is induced by metformin. | Marco Infante Martina Leoni Massimiliano Caprio Andrea Fabbri | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，7： | 6 |
| 3 | Hepatitis C virus infection and prisoners: Epidemiology, outcome and treatment显示文摘The studies on hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in prison populations are few and mostly cross-sectional. We analyzed prevalently the articles appearing on Pub Med in the last ten years. HCV infection is frequent in prisoners, prevalences ranging from 3.1% to 38% according to the HCV endemicity in the geographical location of the prison and in the countries of origin of the foreign prisoners and to the prevalence of intravenous drug use, which is the most important risk factor for HCV infection, followed by an older age of prisoners and previous prison terms. HCV replication in anti-HCVpositive cases varies from 45% to 90% in different studies, and the most common HCV genotypes are generally 1 and 3. The response to antiviral treatment is similar in prisoners to that of the general population. Unfortunately, treatment is administered less frequently to prisoners because of the difficulties in management and follow-up. The new directly acting antivirals offer a good therapy option for inmates because of their good efficacy, short duration of treatment and low incidence of side effects. The efforts of the prison authorities and medical staff should be focused on reducing the spread of HCV infection in prisons by extending the possibility of follow-up and treatment to more prisoners with chronic hepatitis C. | Rosa Zampino Nicola Coppola Caterina Sagnelli Giovanni Di Caprio Evangelista Sagnelli | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，21： | 3 |
| 4 | The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents显示文摘 | Paul Zimmet George Alberti Francine Kaufman Naoko Tajima Martin Silink Silva Arslanian Gary Wong Peter Bennett Jonathan Shaw Sonia Caprio | 2007 | The Lancet2007，，9579： | 3 |
| 5 | Hepatitis C virus relies on lipoproteins for its life cycle显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infects over 150 million people worldwide. In most cases, HCV infection becomes chronic causing liver disease ranging from fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral persistence and pathogenesis are due to the ability of HCV to deregulate specific host processes, mainly lipid metabolism and innate immunity. In particular, HCV exploits the lipoprotein machineries for almost all steps of its life cycle. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge concerning the interplay between HCV and lipoprotein metabolism. We discuss the role played by members of lipoproteins in HCV entry, replication and virion production. | Germana Grassi Giorgia Di Caprio Gian Maria Fimia Giuseppe Ippolito Marco Tripodi Tonino Alonzi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，6： | 3 |
| 6 | Hepatitis B virus infection in undocumented immigrants and refugees in Southern Italy:demographic,virological,and clinical features显示文摘Background:The data on hepatitis b virus(HBV)infection in immigrants population are scanty.The porpoise of this study was to define the demographic,virological,and clinical characteristics of subjects infected with HBV chronic infection in a cohort of immigrants living in Naples,Italy.Methods:A screening for HBV infection was offered to 1,331 immigrants,of whom 1,212(91%)(831 undocumented immigrants and 381 refugees)accepted and were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and anti-hepatitis B core antibody(HBc).Those found to be HBsAg positive were further investigated at third-level infectious disease units.Results:Of the 1,212 immigrants screened,116(9.6%)were HBsAg positive,490(40.4%)were HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive,and 606(50%)were seronegative for both.Moreover,21(1.7%)were anti-human immunodeficiency virus positive and 45(3.7%)were anti-hepatitis C virus positive.The logistic regression analysis showed that male sex(OR:1.79;95%CI:1.28-2.51),Sub-Saharan African origin(OR:6.18;95%CI:3.37-11.36),low level of schooling(OR:0.96;95%CI:0.94-0.99),and minor parenteral risks for acquiring HBV infection(acupuncture,tattoo,piercing,or tribal practices,OR:1.54;95%CI:1.1-2.16)were independently associated with ongoing or past HBV infection.Of the 116 HBsAg-positive immigrants,90(77.6%)completed their diagnostic itinerary at a third-level infectious disease unit:29(32.2%)were asymptomatic non-viremic HBsAg carriers,43(47.8%)were asymptomatic viremic carriers,14(15.6%)had chronic hepatitis,and four(4.4%)had liver cirrhosis,with superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma in two.Conclusions:The data illustrate the demographic,clinical and virological characteristics of HBV infection in immigrants in Italy and indicate the need for Italian healthcare authorities to enhance their support for providing screening,HBV vaccination,treatment,and educational programs for this populations. | Nicola Coppola Loredana Alessio Luciano Gualdieri Mariantonietta Pisaturo Caterina Sagnelli Carmine Minichini Giovanni Di Caprio Mario Starace Lorenzo Onorato Giuseppe Signoriello Margherita Macera Italo Francesco Angelillo Giuseppe Pasquale Evangelista Sagnelli | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Bank regulation and supervision: what works best?显示文摘 | James R. Barth Gerard Caprio Ross Levine | 2003 | Journal of Financial Intermediation2003，，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Expression ofa reflex of snapping/biting response to amino acids prior to the first exogenous feeding in salmonid alevins显示文摘 | Valentin(c)i(c) T B Lamb C F Caprio J | 1999 | Physiol Behav1999，67，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Tumor necrosis factor inhibitom block apoptosis of human epithelial cells of the salivary glands 显示文摘 | Sisto M D Amore M Caprio S | 2009 | Ann NY Acad Sci2009，1171，： | 1 |
| 10 | The kinetic of Mn ( I1 ) catalyzed ozonation of oxalic acid in aqueous solution 显示文摘 | Andreozzi R Insola A Caprio V | 1992 | Water Research1992，26，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions显示文摘 | Reich H Mc Glynn F De Caprio J | 1991 | Obstet Gynecol1991，78，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Dual-time-point lSF- FDG PET/CT in the diagnostic evaluation of suspicious breast le- sions Article in English, Italian 显示文摘 | Caprio MG Cangiano A Imbriaco M | 2010 | Radiol Med2010，115，： | 1 |
| 13 | Laparoscopic excision of benign liver lesions显示文摘 | Reich H Mc Glynn F De Caprio J | 1991 | Obstet Gynecol1991，78，52： | 1 |
| 14 | The use of manganese dioxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxalic acid ozonation in aqueous solution显示文摘 | Insola A Caprio V | 1996 | Applied Catalysis A:General1996，138，： | 1 |
| 15 | The kinetics of Mn(Ⅱ)-catalysed ozonation of oxalic acid in aqueous solution显示文摘 | Andreozzi R Insola A Caprio V | 1992 | Water Research1992，26，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Expression of func- tional leptin receptors in rodent Leydig cells显示文摘 | Caprio M Isidori AM Carta AR | 1999 | Endocrinolo- gy1999，140，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Bank Supervision and Regulation: What works best? 显示文摘 | BARTH j R CAPRIO G j R LEVINE R | 2004 | Journal of Financial Intermediation2004，13，： | 1 |
| 18 | Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery显示文摘 | Andreozzi R Caprio V Insola A | 1999 | Catalysis Today1999，53，1： | 1 |
| 19 | The use of manganese dioxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxalic acid ozonation in aqueous solution 显示文摘 | ANDREOZZI R CAPRIO V MAROTTA R | 1996 | Applied Catalysis A: General1996，138，： | 1 |
| 20 | The ozonation of pyruvic acid in aqueous solutions catalyzed by suspended and dissolved manganese显示文摘 | Andreozzi R Caprio V Insola A | 1998 | Water Research1998，32，5： | 1 |
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