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| 1 | Effects of creep feeding and supplemental glutamine or glutamine plus glutamate (Aminogut) on pre- and post-weaning growth performance and intestinal health of piglets显示文摘Background: Creep feeding is used to stimulate piglet post-weaning feed consumption.L-Glutamine(GLN) is an important source of fuel for intestinal epithelial cells.The objective of this study was to determine the impact of creep feeding and adding GLN or AminoGut(AG;containing glutamine + glutamate) to pre-and post-weaning diets on pig performance and intestinal health.Litters(N = 120) were allotted to four treatments during 14–21 d of lactation: 1) No creep feed(NC,n = 45);2) creep fed control diet(CFCD,n = 45);3) creep fed 1% GLN(CFGLN,n = 15);4) creep fed.88% AG(CFAG,n = 15).After weaning,the NC and CFCD groups were sub-divided into three groups(n = 15 each),receiving either a control nursery diet(NC-CD,CFCD-CD) or a diet supplemented with either GLN(NC-GLN,CFCD-GLN) or with AG(NC-AG,CFCD-AG).Litters that were creep fed with diets containing GLN or AG also were supplemented with those amino acids in the nursery diets(CFGLN-GLN,CFAG-AG).Glutamine was added at 1% in all three post-weaning diet phases and AG was added at.88% in phase 1 and 2 and at.66% in phase 3.Results: Feed conversion(feed/gain) showed means among treatment means close to significance(P = 0.056) and Tukey's test for pairwise mean comparisons showed that Pigs in the CFGLN-GLN group had the best feed conversion(feed/gain) in the first three-week period post-weaning,exceeding(P = 0.044) controls(CFCD-CD) by 34%.The NC-AG group had(P = 0.02) the greatest feed intake in the last three week of the study,exceeding controls(CFCD-CD) by 12%.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and sow reared(SR) pigs had the greatest(P = 0.049) villi height exceeding the CFCD-AG group by 18%,20% and 19% respectively.The CFAG-AG group had the deepest(P = 0.001) crypts among all treatments.CFGLN-GLN,CFCD-GLN and SR groups had the greatest(P = 0.001) number of cells proliferating(PCNA) exceeding those in the NC-CD group by 43%,54% and 63% respectively.Sow reared pigs showed the greatest(P = 0.001) intestinal absorption capacity for xylose and mannitol.Conclusion: Supplementation of creep feed and nursery diets with GLN and/or AminoGut in the first three week improved feed conversion possibly due to improved intestinal health. | Rafael A Cabrera James L Usry Consuelo Arrellano Eduardo T Nogueira Marianne Kutschenko Adam J Moeser Jack Odle | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Different patterns of HLA - DR antigen expression in normal epithelium ,hyperplastic and neoplastic malignant lesions of the breast显示文摘 | Concha A Ruiz- Cabello F Cabrera T | 1995 | Eur J Immunogenet11995，22，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Extrapolation and spectral estimation with iterative weighted norm modification显示文摘 | Cabrera S D Parks T W | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1991，9，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Implications for immunosurveillance of altered HLA class Ⅰ phenotypes in human tumors显示文摘 | Garrido F Ruiz-Cabello F Cabrera T | 1997 | Immunol Today1997，18，： | 1 |
| 5 | Tradescantia micronucleus biossay显示文摘 | Cabrera G L Chen R | 1994 | Mutat Res1994，310，： | 1 |
| 6 | Natural history of HLA expression during tumor development显示文摘 | Garrido F Cabrera T Concha A | 1993 | Immunol Today1993，14，： | 1 |
| 7 | Implications for immunosurveillance of altered HLA class Ⅰ phenotypes in human tumours显示文摘 | Garrido F Ruiz-Cabello F Cabrera T | 1997 | Immunol Today1997，18，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The treat- ment of open tibial fractures and of tibial non - union with a novel external fixator 显示文摘 | Ong C T Choon D S K Cabrera N P | 2002 | Injur2002，33，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Increasing Tumor Immunogenicity by Upregulation of Tumor HLA Class I Expression MHC Class I Antigens In Malignant Cells显示文摘 | APTSIAURI N GARCIA-LORA A M CABRERA T | 2013 | Springer New York2013，8，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Aboveground and be- lowground competition between intercropped cabbage and young Eucalyptus torelliana显示文摘 | Nissen T M Midmore D J Cabrera M L | 1999 | Agroforestry Systems1999，46，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Chelating action of thioglycollic acid with silver and some common bilvalent cation 显示文摘 | Cabrera A M West T S | 1962 | Talanta1962，9，8： | 1 |
| 12 | An bligate os- mophilie yeast from honey 显示文摘 | Munitis M T Cabrera E Rodriguez-Navarro | 1976 | Appl Environ Mierobiol1976，，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Immunohistochemical observations on cellular response in unilocular hydatid lesions and lymph nodes of cattle 显示文摘 | Sakamoto T Cabrera PA | 2003 | Acta Trop2003，85，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Expression of HLA-G in human tumors is not a frequent event显示文摘 | Real LM Cabrera T Collado A | 1999 | Int J Cancer1999，81，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Role of altered expression of HLA class I molecules in cancer progression 显示文摘 | Aptsiauri N Cabrera T Mendez R | 2007 | Adv Exp Med Biol2007，601，： | 1 |
| 16 | The biological consequences of al- tered MHC class 1 expression in tumours 显示文摘 | Algarra I Gafofio JJ Cabrera T | 1999 | J Biol Regul Homeost Agents1999，13，2： | 1 |
| 17 | High frequency of altered HLA class I phenotypes in invasive breast carcinomas显示文摘 | Cabrera T Angustias F M Sierra A | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 18 | Phase transformation analysis throughout an anhydrous fluorinebasod sol -gel YBCO processing route显示文摘 | Finlayson A P Mouganie T Cordero- Cabrera M C | 2007 | Materials Chemistry and Physics2007，105，： | 1 |
| 19 | HLA class I antigen abnormalities and immune escape by malignant cells显示文摘 | Seliger B Cabrera T Garrido F | 2002 | Cancer Biology2002，12，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Natural history of HLA expression during tumour development显示文摘 | Garrido F Cabrera T Concha A | 1993 | Immunol Today1993，14，5： | 1 |
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