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| 1 | Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice显示文摘Despite advances in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care, intervention, especially surgery, for relief of obstructive jaundice still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key event in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-associated complications is endotoxemia of gut origin because of intestinal barrier failure. This breakage of the gut barrier in obstructive jaundice is multi-factorial, involving disruption of the immunologic, biological and mechanical barrier. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that obstructive jaundice results in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanisms implicated in this phenomenon remain unresolved, but growing research interest during the last decade has shed light in our knowledge in the field. This review summarizes the current concepts in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-induced gut barrier dysfunction, analyzing pivotal factors, such as altered intestinal tight junctions expression, oxidative stress and imbalance of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Clinicians handling patients with obstructive jaundice should not neglect protecting the intestinal barrier function before, during and after intervention for the relief of this condition, which may improve their patients’ outcome. | Stelios F Assimakopoulos Chrisoula D Scopa Constantine E Vagianos | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，48： | 48 |
| 2 | 基于随机森林模型的泥石流易发性评价--以汶川地震重灾区为例显示文摘在区域泥石流易发性研究中,科学确定泥石流易发性主控因子及其贡献率既是关键科学问题,也是区域泥石流预警预报和风险管理的重要基础。本研究选取汶川地震重灾区,引入随机森林算法,以小流域为评价单元,集合多元因子指标体系,建立泥石流易发性评价模型,定量分析了汶川地震重灾区内泥石流关键影响因子及贡献率,并探讨了研究区泥石流易发性的空间分布特征。本文初选了63项评价指标,以模型AUC值变化为基础,筛选出35项指标构成易发性评价指标体系,并用于区域内泥石流易发性主控因子的识别,结果表明:流域高差、流域平均坡度、流域内滑坡面积、平均降雨天数是区域内泥石流易发性主控因子,另外,沟长比降、大于10°积温、年均温、人口密度、村落个数、低覆盖度土地利用方式等在泥石流易发性评价中也发挥着重要作用;易发性评价结果显示,极高易发区占比达到了22.94%,主要分布于研究区西部,泥石流易发性较高的小流域主要分布在青藏高原向四川盆地过渡的地形急变带,同时也与地震带、断裂带、干旱河谷区域密切相关。模型验证结果表明,平均AUC值达0.84,模型具有很高的稳定性和准确性,说明随机森林算法非常适用于区域泥石流易发性评价研究,机器学习算法结合小流域为单元的方法对区域泥石流易发性评价有效果良好,可为区域尺度灾害易发性及风险评估提供更为有效的方法参考。 | 刘永垚 第宝锋 詹宇 Constantine A.Stamatopoulos | 2018 | 山地学报2018，36，5： | 37 |
| 3 | Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide显示文摘In the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(ICF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed.We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction.In addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-IR facilities.So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development. | Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas Galvanauskas Leonida A.Gizzi Joachim Hein David I.Hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama Georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui Ma Chang Hee Nam David Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.Shaykin Craig W.Siders Christopher Spindloe Sándor Szatmári Raoul M.G.M.Trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel | 2019 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2019，7，3： | 33 |
| 4 | 节杆菌属细菌处理有机物和重金属污染物的研究进展显示文摘有机污染物和重金属造成的环境问题日益严峻。节杆菌属细菌具有很强的环境适应性和抗逆性,广泛分布于各种环境特别是土壤和水体中。研究发现该属菌株具有高效降解环境中的有机污染物和吸附重金属的能力,被用于污染水体和土壤等的生物修复研究与应用。该文从节杆菌属降解污染物菌株、降解污染物的种类、降解机理和影响因素的研究等方面,介绍了节杆菌处理污染物的研究进展。 | 李娟 Constantine Uwaremwe 冷艳 张晓华 李师翁 陈熙明 | 2017 | 环境科学与技术2017，40，10： | 24 |
| 5 | Experimental obstructive jaundice alters claudin-4 expression in intestinal mucosa: Effect of bombesin and neurotensin显示文摘瞄准:调查试验性的妨碍的黄疸和外长的 bombesin 和 neurotensin (NT )(BBS ) 的影响紧密的连接(TJ ) 的表示上的管理在老鼠的肠上皮的蛋白质 claudin-4。方法:四十只男 Wistar 老鼠随机被划分成五个组:我 = 控制, II = 假冒操作, III = 胆汁管结扎(BDL ) , IV = BDL+BBS (30 microg/kg 每 d ) , V = BDL+NT (300 microg/kg 每 d ) 。在 d 的实验的结束 10,内毒素在门和大动脉的血被测量。终端回肠的织物节组织学地被检验并且免疫组织化学地为在肠上皮的 claudin-4 表示的评估。结果:妨碍的黄疸导致了重要的门和大动脉的 endotoxemia 表明的肠的障碍失败。Claudin-4 表示显著地被增加在上面在 jaundiced 老鼠的第三根绒毛并且一起来它的侧面的分发的规定被注意。BBS 或 NT 的管理恢复了 claudin-4 表示到控制状态并且显著地减少了门和大动脉的 endotoxemia。结论:在肠上皮的试验性的妨碍的黄疸增加 claudin-4 表示,它可以是贡献粘膜障碍的混乱的一个关键因素。毁坏规章的肽 BBS, NT 能阻止这扇改变和还原剂门和全身的 endotoxemia。 | Stelios F Assimakopoulos Constantine E Vagianos Aristides S Charonis Ilias H Alexandris Iris Spiliopoulou Konstantinos C Thomopoulos Vassiliki N Nikolopoulou Chrisoula D Scopa | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 21 |
| 6 | Brain-lung crosstalk: Implications for neurocritical care patients显示文摘Major pulmonary disorders may occur after brain injuries as ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are key points for the management of brain-injured patients because respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation seem to be a risk factor for increased mortality, poor neurological outcome and longer intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Brain and lung strongly interact via complex pathways from the brain to the lung but also from the lung to the brain. Several hypotheses have been proposed with a particular interest for the recently described 'double hit' model. Ventilator setting in brain-injured patients with lung injuries has been poorly studied and intensivists are often fearful to use some parts of protective ventilation in patients with brain injury. This review aims to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of lung injuries in brain-injured patients, but also the impact of different modalities of mechanical ventilation on the brain in the context of acute brain injury. | Ségolène Mrozek Jean-Michel Constantin Thomas Geeraerts | 2015 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2015，4，3： | 20 |
| 7 | Role of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics in chemoprevention for colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review. | Constantine Iosif Fotiadis Christos Nikolaou Stoidis Basileios Georgiou Spyropoulos Eleftherios Dimitriou Zografos | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，42： | 16 |
| 8 | Autophagy in colorectal cancer:An important switch from physiology to pathology显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death in both men and women worldwide.Among the factors and mechanisms that are involved in the multifactorial etiology of CRC,autophagy is an important transformational switch that occurs when a cell shifts from normal to malignant.In recent years,multiple hypotheses have been considered regarding the autophagy mechanisms that are involved in cancer.The currently accepted hypothesis is that autophagy has dual and contradictory roles in carcinogenesis,but the precise mechanisms leading to autophagy in cancer are not yet fully defined and seem to be context dependent.Autophagy is a surveillance mechanism used by normal cells that protects them from the transformation to malignancy by removing damaged organelles and aggregated proteins and by reducing reactive oxygen species,mitochondrial abnormalities and DNA damage.However,autophagy also supports tumor formation by promoting access to nutrients that are critical to the metabolism and growth of tumor cells and by inhibiting cellular death and increasing drug resistance.Autophagy studies in CRC have focused on several molecules,mainly microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,beclin 1,and autophagy related 5,with conflicting results.Beneficial effects were observed for some agents that modulate autophagy in CRC either alone or,more often,in combination with other agents.More extensive studies are needed in the future to clarify the roles of autophagy-related genes and modulators in colorectal carcinogenesis,and to develop potential beneficial agents for the prognosis and treatment of CRC. | Florin Burada Elena Raluca Nicoli Marius Eugen Ciurea Daniel Constantin Uscatu Mihai Ioana Dan Ionut Gheonea | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2015，7，11： | 15 |
| 9 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic risk factors, and hepatocellular carcinoma: An open question显示文摘Non-alcoholic liver disease(NAFLD) defines liver abnormalities ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with or without cirrhosis development, occurring in the absence of significant alcohol consumption, use of teratogenic medication, or hereditary disorders.The association between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is well documented and widely recognized.Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and dyslipidemia are the most common metabolic risk factors associated with NAFLD.Among the components of metabolic syndrome, current evidence strongly indicates obesity and diabetes as hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) risk factors.There is also growing evidence that suggests an increased risk of HCC in NAFLD patients, even surpassing other etiologies in some high-income countries.Epidemiologic data demonstrate a parallel rise in prevalence of obesity, diabetes, NAFLD, and HCC.As obesity and its related diseases have steadily afflicted larger populations, HCC incidence is expected to increase in the future.Pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie NAFLD development and subsequent progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis(insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hepatic stellate cell activation, cytokine/adipocytokine signaling pathways, and genetic and environmental factors) appear to play a significant role in the development of NAFLD-related HCC.However, a comprehensive view of molecular mechanisms linking obesity, T2 DM, and NAFLD-related HCC, as well as the exact sequence of molecular events, is still not understood in its entirety.Good-quality data are still necessary, and efforts should continue towards better understanding the underlying carcinogenic mechanisms of NAFLD-related HCC.In this paper, we aimed to centralize the most important links supporting these relationships, focusing on obesity, T2 DM, and NAFLD-related HCC, as well as point out the major gaps in knowledge regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms behind them. | Letitia Adela Maria Streba Cristin Constantin Vere Ion Rogoveanu Costin Teodor Streba | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，14： | 15 |
| 10 | Capecitabine and cisplatin with or without cetuximab for patients with previously untreated advanced gastric cancer (EXPAND): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Florian Lordick Yoon-Koo Kang Hyun-Cheol Chung Pamela Salman Sang Cheul Oh Gy?rgy Bodoky Galina Kurteva Constantin Volovat Vladimir M Moiseyenko Vera Gorbunova Joon Oh Park Akira Sawaki Ilhan Celik Heiko G?tte Helena Melezínková Markus Moehler | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，6： | 14 |
| 11 | Large power analysis of switched reluctance machine system for coal mine显示文摘The conventional structures in the Switched Reluctance machines are introduced, such as three-phase 12/8 structure Switched Reluctance machine, three-phase 6/4 structure Switched Reluctance machine, four-phase 16/12 structure Switched Reluctance machine, and four-phase 8/6 structure Switched Reluctance machine. Three-phase 12/8 structure Switched Reluctance machine is the best choice for the large power Switched Reluctance machine system in coal mines. The asymmetric bridge power converter main circuit and the bifilar winding power converter main circuit are also introduced. Three-phase asymmetric bridge power converter main circuit is the best choice for the large power Switched Reluctance machine system in coal mines. The magnetic paths of the designed large power motor are given with one phase excitation and double phases excitation. The phase current waveforms are also given. | CHEN Hao PAVLITOV Constantin | 2009 | Mining Science and Technology2009，19，5： | 12 |
| 12 | Kevlar对位芳纶浆粕增强橡胶的研究显示文摘研究Kevlar对位芳纶浆粕和精切短纤维对天然橡胶胶料的补强效果。结果表明:随着纤维用量的增大,Kevlar对位芳纶浆粕补强的胶料储能模量增加幅度大于损耗模量增加幅度,损耗角和损耗因子随着浆粕用量的增大而降低,这种效果有利于低滚动阻力轮胎或其他轮胎部件的胶料配方设计,在提高胶料定伸模量的同时不会增加滞后生热;Kevlar对位芳纶浆粕表现出的一种独特手风琴效应可能是低滞后生热的原因。 | Jeffery S. Downey Constantine W. Tsimpris Andrew L. Pollard Chloe F. Wilson Jocelyn Willis-Papi Christiane K. Hohenwarter Qin Lin 黎学东 | 2012 | 轮胎工业2012，32，7： | 11 |
| 13 | Intestinal failure in obstructive jaundice显示文摘TO THE EDITOR
We read with great interest the article by Ding LA and LiJS, which aimed to review the current knowledge on the physiology of normal intestinal barrier function and highlight the role of intestinal failure after various injurious insults in the development of septic complications or multiple organ failure with subsequent rapid clinical deterioration or even death. | Stelios F.Assimakopoulos Constantine E.Vagianos Aristides Charonis Vassiliki N.Nikolopoulou Chrisoula D.Scopa | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，24： | 11 |
| 14 | Timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: A prospective non randomized study显示文摘AIM: To study the timing of laparoscopic cholecy- stectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis.METHODS: Between January 2002 and December 2005, all American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (ASA)—RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis during the index admission. Thirty six were assigned to group 1, 58 to group 2, and 35 to group 3. The conversion rate and morbidity for the whole cohort of patients were 4.6% and 10.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the conversion rate, morbidity and postoperative hospital stay between the three groups.CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis during the index admission is safe, regardless of the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms. This policy can result in an overall shorter hospitalization. | George Tzovaras Dimitris Zacharoulis Paraskevi Liakou Theodoros Theodoropoulos George Paroutoglou Constantine Hatzitheofilou | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 11 |
| 15 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography parameters in neural network diagnosis of liver tumors显示文摘AIM:To study the role of time-intensity curve(TIC) analysis parameters in a complex system of neural networks designed to classify liver tumors.METHODS:We prospectively included 112 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n = 41),hypervascular(n = 20) and hypovascular(n = 12) liver metastases,hepatic hemangiomas(n = 16) or focal fatty changes(n = 23) who underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Craiova,Romania.We recorded full length movies of all contrast uptake phases and post-processed them offline by selecting two areas of interest(one for the tumor and one for the healthy surrounding parenchyma) and consecutive TIC analysis.The difference in maximum intensities,the time to reaching them and the aspect of the late/portal phase,as quantified by the neural network and a ratio between median intensities of the central and peripheral areas were analyzed by a feed forward back propagation multi-layer neural network which was trained to classify data into five distinct classes,corresponding to each type of liver lesion.RESULTS:The neural network had 94.45% training accuracy(95% CI:89.31%-97.21%) and 87.12% testing accuracy(95% CI:86.83%-93.17%).The automatic classification process registered 93.2% sensitivity,89.7% specificity,94.42% positive predictive value and 87.57% negative predictive value.The artificial neural networks(ANN) incorrectly classified as hemangyomas three HCC cases and two hypervascular metastases,while in turn misclassifying four liver hemangyomas as HCC(one case) and hypervascular metastases(three cases).Comparatively,human interpretation of TICs showed 94.1% sensitivity,90.7% specificity,95.11% positive predictive value and 88.89% negative predictive value.The accuracy and specificity of the ANN diagnosis system was similar to that of human interpretation of the TICs(P = 0.225 and P = 0.451,respectively).Hepatocellular carcinoma cases showed contrast uptake during the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the portal and first seconds of the late phases.For the hypovascular metastases did not show significant contrast uptake during the arterial phase,which resulted in negative differences between the maximum intensities.We registered wash-out in the late phase for most of the hypervascular metastases.Liver hemangiomas had contrast uptake in the arterial phase without agent wash-out in the portallate phases.The focal fatty changes did not show any differences from surrounding liver parenchyma,resulting in similar TIC patterns and extracted parameters.CONCLUSION:Neural network analysis of contrastenhanced ultrasonography-obtained TICs seems a promising field of development for future techniques,providing fast and reliable diagnostic aid for the clinician. | Costin Teodor Streba Mihaela Ionescu Dan Ionut Gheonea Larisa Sandulescu Tudorel Ciurea Adrian Saftoiu Cristin Constantin Vere Ion Rogoveanu | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 11 |
| 16 | Prevalence of hepatitis B and C markers among refugees in Athens显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C serological markers in a population of refugees living in Athens.METHODS: One hundred and thirty refugees (81 males and 49 females, mean age ±SD: 31.7±8 years) were included in the study. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg),the hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc) and the hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) were detected using a third-generation immunoassay.RESULTS: Twenty individuals (15.4%) were HBsAg positive and 69 (53.1%) were anti-HBc positive. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was higher among refugees from Albania and Asia (statistical significant difference, P<0.008 and P<0.001 respectively). The prevalence of these markers was found irrelevant to age or sex. Anti-HCV was detected in the serum of 3 individuals (2.3 %). No differences among age, sex or ethnicity regarding anti-HCV prevalence were found.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that refugees living in Athens are an immigrant population characterized by a high incidence of HBV infection. The prevalence of HBV markers is higher among refugees from Albania and Asia. It is therefore believed that the adherence to general precautions and the initiation of HBV vaccination programs will be necessary in the future, especially in these communities.Although the prevalence of HCV infection seems to be relatively low, extended epidemiological surveys are needed to provide valid results. | Anastasios Roussos Constantin Goritsas Thomas Pappas Maria Spanaki Panagiota Papadaki Angeliki Ferti | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，5： | 11 |
| 17 | Evolution of Texture in Grain Oriented Silicon Steels显示文摘Goss texture or(110)[100] crystallographic orientation of the grains is typical grain structure of grain oriented silicon steel used for transformer.This type of texture is one of the most important parameters determining the magnetic properties of the laminated steel plates.The formation and growth of Goss texture in three steel samples are investigated.Two of them are prepared under laboratory conditions and one under industrial conditions.The emphasis is put on the effects of hot lamination temperature and time,primary and secondary recrystallization temperatures during cold lamination on developing of the Goss texture in correlation with other texture components.Also in all steel processing stages,the influence of the chemical composition on the occurrence of Goss texture is examined. | Constantin Gheorghies Ana Doniga | 2009 | Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International)2009，16，4： | 10 |
| 18 | An epigenomic approach to therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer显示文摘Tamoxifen 是为雌激素受体 alpha 的前线治疗(ERα) 在绝经前的女人的积极的胸肿瘤。然而,到 tamoxifen 的抵抗发生在许多病人。嗯仍然与获得的 tamoxifen 抵抗在乳癌房间的生长起一个关键作用,建议那 ERα为治疗仍然是一个有效目标 tamoxifen 抵抗(Tam-R ) 乳癌。以识别 ERα 的新奇管理者;发信号,通过对 histone 甲基修饰词的一幅小规模的 siRNA 屏幕,我们发现了 WHSC1, histone H3K36 methyltransferase, ERα 的一个积极管理者;在乳癌房间发信号。我们证明 WHSC1 被招募到 ERα由 BET 蛋白质 BRD3/4 的基因,并且便于 ERα基因表示。小分子的赌注蛋白质禁止者 JQ1 potently 压制了经典 ERα发信号的小径和在文化的 Tam-R 乳癌房间的生长。用一个 Tam-R 乳癌异种皮移植老鼠模型,我们与 JQ1 和 ER degrader fulvestrant 由 JQ1 和联合治疗的强壮的长持续的效果在 vivo 反胸癌症活动示威了。一起拿,我们提供 epigenomic 蛋白质 BRD3/4 和 WHSC1 是雌激素受体发信号的必要管理者并且是为 Tam-R 乳癌的治疗的新奇治疗学的目标的证据。 | Qin Feng Zheng Zhang Martin J Shea Chad J Creighton Cristian Coarfa Susan G Hilsenbeck Rainer Lanz Bin He Lei Wang Xiaoyong Fu Agostina Nardone Yongcheng Song James Bradner Nicholas Mitsiades Constantine S Mitsiades C Kent Osborne Rachel Schiff Bert W O'Malley | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，7： | 10 |
| 19 | Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in operated stomach: Outcome of 105 cases显示文摘AIM: To compare the causes and clinical outcome of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGB) and a history of gastric surgery to those with AUGB but without a history of gastric surgery in the past.METHODS: The causes and clinical outcome were compared between 105 patients with AUGB and a history of gastric surgery, and 608 patients with AUGB but without a history of gastric surgery.RESULTS: Patients who underwent gastric surgery in the past were older (mean age: 68.1±11.7 years vs 62.8±17.8 years, P= 0.001), and the most common cause of bleeding was marginal ulcer in 63 patients (60%). No identifiable source of bleeding could be found in 22 patients (20.9%) compared to 42/608 (6.9%) in patients without a history of gastric surgery (P = 0.003). Endoscopic hemostasis was permanently successful in 26 out of 35 patients (74.3%) with peptic ulcers and active bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessel. Nine patients (8.6%) were operated due to continuing or recurrent bleeding,compared to 23/608 (3.8%) in the group of patients without gastric surgery in the past (P= 0.028). Especially in peptic ulcer bleeding patients, emergency surgery was more common in the group of patients with gastric surgery in the past [9/73 (12.3%) vs 19/360 (5.3%), P = 0.025].Moreover surgically treated patients in the past required more blood transfusion (3.3±4.0 vs 1.5±1.7, P = 0.0001) and longer hospitalization time (8.6±4.0 vs 6.9±4.9 d,P = 0.001) than patients without a history of gastric surgery. Mortality was not different between the two groups [4/105 (3.8%) vs 19/608 (3.1%)].CONCLUSION: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding seems to be more severe in surgically treated patients than in non-operated patients. | Vassiliki N Nikolopoulou Konstantinos C Thomopoulos George I Theocharis Vassiliki A Arvaniti Constantine E Vagianos | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，29： | 9 |
| 20 | Bile duct ligation in rats: A reliable model of hepatorenal syndrome?显示文摘The two most widely used experimental models of advanced liver disease are the administration of carbon tetrachloride, and common bile duct ligation (BDL), however, neither has been systematically evaluated as a model of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). The BDL model in rats, studied at diverse time points, induced a progressive renal dysfunction without structural changes in the kidney. The authors concluded that BDL is a good model for further studies of HRS and its treatment. However, the renal impairment observed at the acute phase of the BDL model is based on a different pathophysiology than that of HRS. Specifi cally, in acute obstructive jaundice, cholemia predominates over parenchymal liver disease (reversible at this stage without portal hypertension or cirrhosis) and independently induces negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, impaired sympathetic vasoconstriction response and profound natriuresis and diuresis that might lead to volume depletion. In addition, systemic endotoxemia contributes to the prerenal etiology of renal impairment and promotes direct nephrotoxicity and acute tubular necrosis. On the other hand, the renal failure observed in the chronic BDL model (with development of biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension and ascites) shares pathophysiological similarities with HRS, but the accordance of the chronic BDL model to the diagnostic criteria of HRS (e.g. absence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, no renal function improvement after plasma volume expansion) should have been confirmed. In conclusion, we think that the BDL model is not suitable for the study of the natural history of HRS, but the chronic BDL model might be valid for the study of established HRS and its potential therapies. | Stelios F Assimakopoulos Constantine E Vagianos | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，1： | 9 |
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