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| 1 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of current insights in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Estimates of people suffering from overweight (one billion) and obesity (300 million) are increasing. The accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, in the absence of excess alcohol intake, has been described in the early sixties. It was not until 1980, however, that Ludwig et al named this condition nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Subsequently, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been used as a general name for conditions ranging from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to end-stage liver disease (cirrhosis). Many studies have demonstrated the significant correlation with obesity and insulin resistance. Other studies have revealed a signifi- cant correlation between hepatic steatosis, cardiovascu- lar disease and increased intima-media thickness. WHO estimated that at least two million patients will develop cirrhosis due to hepatic steatosis in the years to come. Longitudinal cohort studies have demonstrated that those patients with cirrhosis have a similar risk to devel- op hepatocellular carcinoma as those with other causes of cirrhosis. Taken all together, NAFLD has become the third most important indication for liver transplantation. There- fore, training programmes in internal medicine, gastroen- terology and hepatology should stress the importance of diagnosing this entity and treat properly those at risk for developing complications of portal hypertension and con- comittant cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, imaging tech- niques and the readily available therapeutic options. | Tim CMA Schreuder Bart J Verwer Carin MJ van Nieuwkerk Chris JJ Mulder | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，16： | 35 |
| 2 | The characteristics of atmospheric CO_2 concentration variation of four national background stations in China显示文摘Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an important kind of greenhouse gas which influences global temperature. Its concentration variation could indicate the distribution of human and natural activities in various regions. Through the non-dispersive infrared method, flask sampling of atmospheric CO2 concen- tration was measured weekly at four national background stations including Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan. Based on the data collected from September 2006 to August 2007, along with the Waliguan station’s experience on in situ observational data processing, the selection methods for sampling data through the atmospheric background CO2 concentration analysis were preliminarily discussed. On the basis of this result, the variation features of the four typical regions’ atmospheric background CO2 concentration was analyzed for the first time. The results show that the atmospheric CO2 concentration at Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan is 383.5, 385.9, 387.8, and 384.3 ppm, respectively. During the research period, CO2 concentration at the Waliguan station changed slightly. However, the CO2 concentration changed sharply at the Shangdianzi and the Lin’an stations due to the great influence of human activities in the Jingjinji and the Changjiang Delta economic zones, and changed regularly with seasons at Longfengshan station under dual influences of human activities and plant photosynthesis. The results from this study can lay the foundation for more profound studies on atmospheric CO2 concentration level of different areas in China, and could be used to improve the understanding of carbon source and sink distribution. | LIU LiXin, ZHOU LingXi, ZHANG XiaoChun, WEN Min, ZHANG Fang, YAO Bo & FANG ShuangXi Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS), Chinese Academy of Meteoro- logical Sciences (CAMS), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing 100081, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 26 |
| 3 | Field measurement and analysis of turbulence coherence for Typhoon Nuri at Macao Friendship Bridge显示文摘For the purpose of investigating the turbulent and spatial coherent characteristics of strong wind during typhoon landing period,two 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer stations were set up 30 m horizontally apart on the Macao Friendship Bridge to caputure the turbulent wind velocities of Typhoon Nuri. Based on the reliable and representative field measured data,the mean wind speed and direction,turbulence intensity,turbulence integral scale,turbulence power spectra,spatial correlation coefficient and coherence function were statistically evaluated. The field measurement analysis have presented the following results: 1) Two anemometer stations provided consistent results. The mean wind speed variation in time domain presented typical M-shape curves. The strong wind (10-minute mean wind speed higher than 8th grade in Beaufort wind scale) direction changed in a big range up to 122-degrees-angle,indicating the field measurements scoped over the typhoon landing period. 2) The ratio of the longitudinal,lateral and vertical turbulence intensities of the strong wind in the typhoon eye wall region was 1:0.96:0.36. Compared with the code defined ratio 1:0.88:0.5,the lateral component was larger and the vertical component was smaller. 3) The value of integral scale increased when the eye wall of Typhoon Nuri passed over the field measurement site. Before the center of Typhoon Nuri arrived,the integral scale of the strong typhoon wind was about twice compared with that for the non-typhoon wind. 4) The spatial correlation of the turbulent wind,coherence function curve and the decay factor had significant differences at different times during the typhoon process. In the eye wall of the typhoon,the horizontal spatial correlation was relatively strong and horizontally spatial correlation spectrum decayed slower with frequency increase. The minimum regressed coefficient C in coherence function model was 4.67,which is lower than the code defined low limit. The maximum decay factor was 27.75 which is larger than the code defined upper bound. The strong wind characteristic parameters of Typhoon Nuri mentioned above partly represented the turbulent and spatial coherent characteristic during strong typhoon wind period. | SONG LiLi1, PANG JiaBin2, JIANG ChengLin3, HUANG HaoHui3 & QIN Peng3 1 Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080, China 2 Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 3 Guangdong Climate Centre, Guangzhou 510080, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，10： | 15 |
| 4 | Urban effects and summer thunderstorms in a tropical cyclone affected situation over Guangzhou city显示文摘With data mainly from Guangzhou mesonet Automatic Weather Stations(AWS),Guangzhou Doppler Radar and satellite TBB data,characteristics and evolution of the urban heat island(UHI) over Guang-zhou City were analyzed in a tropical cyclone affected situation for early August 2005.In particular,two thunderstorms occurring during this period respectively at the night of 4 August and in the afternoon of 7 August were investigated to study the relationships between the development of thunderstorms and the UHI.Results showed that two thunderstorms were associated with the UHI effects.UHI induced local air convergence and initiated the thunderstorm convections.Both cases showed a general agreement in time and space for the locations of maximum UHI,convergence,convection,and pre-cipitation.Convection was found to be more favorable to developing in time periods and locations with stronger intensity of UHI.Analysis also showed that,due to the urban effects,both thunderstorms got strengthened when moving over Guangzhou City,with maximum radar echoes observed right over the urban area and precipitation located within the city.All these features reveal that two thunderstorms were urban-induced storms. | MENG WeiGuang1,3,YAN JingHua1 & HU HaiBo2 1 Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,Chinese Meteorological Administration(CMA),Guangzhou 510080,China 2 Institute of Urban Meteorology,CMA,Beijing 100089,China 3 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，12： | 8 |
| 5 | Turbulent intensity and its similarity function over an Inner Mongolian grassland during spring显示文摘Macroscopic reason for the development of turbulences in fluid is the conjunction action of velocity and temperature shears. We use the 2008 spring flux observations in the surface layer over Inner Mongolian grassland, obtain the similarity functions of turbulent intensity under different stratification stability conditions, and calculate the clear day turbulent intensity in the spring, which is then analyzed and compared with the observed values of turbulent intensity. The results show that in the Inner Mongolian grassland, under the condition of spring unstable stratification of the surface layer, dependence of the similarity function of turbulent intensity on stratification stability follows a '2/3 power law'. The structural function is a constant under the neutral stratification condition, and complicated under the stable condition. The calculated turbulent intensity has a close correlation with the observed one, which verifies the accuracy of the similarity functions and the suitability of the theorem of turbulent intensity in the grassland region. | YUE Ping1,2,3, NIU ShengJie2, HU YinQiao4 & ZHANG Qiang1 1 Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China 2 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 3 Zhangye National Meteorological Observatory, Zhangye 734000, China 4 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，5： | 7 |
| 6 | Effects of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction drug serum on gastric antrum smooth muscle cells from rats with functional dyspepsia by regulating gastrointestinal hormones显示文摘Objective:To observe the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction(XSLJZD)drug serum on gastric antrum smooth muscle cells(SMCs)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:Gastric antrum SMCs from rats with FD were isolated,cultured,and then divided into six groups as follows:control,model,domperidone,low-dose XSLJZD(LXSLJZD),medium-dose XSLJZD(MXSLJZD),and high-dose XSLJZD(HXSLJZD).Each group was administered the corresponding drug serum for intervention.Drug serum intervention conditions and proliferative activity of SMCs were tested by cholecystokinin octapeptide.Ghrelin,gastrin,somatostatin,and substance P(SP)levels were measured by ELISA.Somatostatin and SP mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR.Results:A concentration of 10%drug serum for 24 h was decided to be the best intervention condition for later study.The mean optical density value in the model group was lower than that in the control group(P紏.001).Optical density values in the domperidone and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(P?.025,P?.032,respectively).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the model group were lower(P?.007,P?.037,P?.005,respectively),but somatostatin levels were higher,compared with those in the control group(P?.031).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(all P<.05).Somatostatin levels in the four drug-treated groups were lower than those in the model group(P?.002,P?.007,P?.001,P?.009,respectively).SP mRNA levels in the model group were lower than those in the control,domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups(P?.037 P?.016,P?.025,P?.002,respectively).Somatostatin mRNA levels in the model group were higher than those in the control and MXSLJZD groups(P紏.042,P紏.035).Conclusions:XSLJZD and domperidone drug serum effectively promote proliferative activity of gastric antrum SMCs in an FD model.The mechanism of this activity may be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones. | Ning Dai Jinghong Hu Yan Liu Dongyu Ge Ruijuan Dong Fengzhi Wu Jiaojiao Yu Mindan Chen Deborah CMa Feng Li | 2020 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences2020，7，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes in the Miyun reservoir region显示文摘The comprehensive impact of atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition and the pollution sources of farmlands, mining areas, and towns along the Baihe River on the water quality of Miyun reservoir is investigated from the angle of the complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes, in the context of the 1990-2001 precipitation chemical data at Shangdianzi station--a WMO regional background air pollution monitoring station 15 km far from the Miyun reservoir, in conjunction with the atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition data of the 2002-2003 Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Field Experiment (BECAPEX). Analysis results suggest that the major ions in precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region in this period were SO, NO, NH and Ca2+; wet acid deposition quantity of Miyun reservoir in the summer half year (April to September) was greater than the quantity in the winter half year (October to March), and the annual wet acid deposition in the reservoir exhibited a rising trend with the mean 1038.45 t, the maximum 1766.31 t occurred in 1996, and the minimum 604.02 t in 1994; the long-term averaged pH of atmospheric precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region was 5.20, i.e. weakly acidic, and the interannual variation of pH values displayed a falling trend. pH values of water body at various depths in the Miyun reservoir were all greater than 7.0, but they exhibited vertical and horizontal nonhomogeneity, and at the same region pH decreased vertically with depth; the 2002 and 2003 annual dustfalls in the Miyun reservoir were 13513.08 t and 3577.64 t, respectively, and the spring dustfall was the number one in a year, accounting for the 61.91% and 44.56% of the annual totals of 2002 and 2003, respectively. Because the atmospheric dry deposition and wet depositions contain multiple types heavy metal elements and harmful elements, they to some extent exacerbated the eutrophication, acidification and potential heavy metal pollution of the reservoir water. The above comprehensive analysis results reveal the complex source characters of the air-soil-water pollution process and the multi-sphere interaction effect. Besides, summer (rainy season) is a season when local soil pollutants enter the water system of reservoir after being washed out by torrential rain or heavy precipitation, which starts the air-soil- water chaining pollution processes, and results in the water pollution of rivers and reservoirs. It is found from the statistical analysis in this paper that the water pollution of Miyun reservoir was correlated with the rain wash-out and confluent flow in the peripheral and upstream local region of the reservoir, and the pollutant concentration of the reservoir water was significantly correlated with the upstream local region precipitation. Those correlation characters reveal the effect of the air-soil-water multi-spheric interaction of reservoir water pollution process. This paper presents the point of view of the complex source analysis of reservoir water pollution and a technical approach for tracing the spatial distribution of the upstream pollution source of the water systems of reservoir. | YANG Dongzhen, XU Xiangde, LIU Xiaoduan, XU Qing, DING Guoan, CHENG Xinghong, CHEN Huailiang, ZHOU Huaigang, WANG Zhenfa, WANG Wenyan Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters, CAMS, Beijing 100081, China National Center for Geological Testing, Beijing 100037, China Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province, Zhenzhou 450000, China Shangdianzi Background Atmospheric Pollution Observation Station, Miyun County, Beijing 101507, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z2： | 4 |
| 8 | Frontal genesis of moisture atmosphere during the early 2008 persistent freezing-rain event in southern China显示文摘From January 10 to February 2, 2008, a severe and persistent freezing-rain event occurred in southern and southwestern China. Here we use an observational analysis to compare the persistent freezing-rain event in the early 2008 with the winter precipita- tion in the late 2007 over south of the Yangtze River (Jiangnan). The persistent freezing-rain event was directly linked to the activity of quasi-stationary front. The gradient of equivalent temperature (ET) can well indicate the frontal genesis of moist atmosphere (moisture front) and its activity as well as its relationship with precipitation belt. The precipitation types (snow and freezing rains) are related to the vertical structure of moisture front. The inversion profile of ET vertical distribution is a typical synoptic condition that caused the freezing-rain event. The horizontal gradient of ET with a criterion of 10℃ / 100 km, which reflects the accumulation and release of atmospheric energy, can be applied to predict the precipitation 5-10 days in advance. | QIAN WeiHong1 & FU JiaoLan1,2 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 National Meteorological Center of CMA, Beijing, 100081, China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，3： | 2 |
| 9 | The characteristics of grain size from the Kumtag Desert and its environmental significance显示文摘The Kumtag Desert is located in the arid northwestern portion of China,and is considered China's sixth-largest desert.Grain-size analysis of the sand plays a very important role in differentiating sedimentary environments,determining the ways that sediments are transported,estimating hydrodynamic conditions,and analyzing grain-size trends.The analysis of the grain size of 20 sand samples that were taken from mid-northern,north margin,western,middle,southern,and southeast margins of the Kumtag Desert shows that grain sizes are vastly different.The grain-size parameters fall in the following range:the median diameter Mz = 1.55Φ-2.92Φ,the standard deviation σI= 0.41-1.11,the skewness SKI = ?0.11-0.31,kurtosis KG = 0.77-1.23.The frequency curves of grain size have characteristics with single peaks and multi-peaks,and most of the sand samples' skewness appears close to asymmetric.The analytical results reveal that the sediments of the Kumtag Desert are complex and diverse,which affected by such forces as wind deposition,lacustrine sediment,and alluvial and proluvial river deposits. | Qing He 1*,XinHua Yang 1,2,Wen Huo 1,ShiGong Wang 3,KeZhen Shang 3,HongYi Liu 4 1.Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China.2.College of Geographical Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China.3.School of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China.4.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China. | 2009 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2009，1，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Lasma levels of protein S, protein, and fator X: effects of sex, hormonal state and age显示文摘 | Henkens CMA Bom VJJ Van der Schaaf W | 1995 | Throm & Haem1995，74，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in chidren显示文摘 | Glazner CMA Evans JHc | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Evaluation of real-time PCR for the early detection of Legionella pnenmophila DNA in serum samples 显示文摘 | Diederen BMW de Jong CMA Marmouk F | 2007 | J Med Microbiol2007，56，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Who should be screened for chromosomal abnormalities be- fore ICSI treatment 显示文摘 | Dul EC van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA Groen H | 2010 | ? Human Reprod2010，25，11： | 1 |
| 14 | The incidence of cancer following total hip replacement 显示文摘 | Gillespie WJ Frampton CMA Henderson R J | 1988 | J Bone Joint Surg Br1988，70，4： | 1 |
| 15 | The revascularization of pedicle skin flaps in pigs: a functional and morphological study显示文摘 | Young CMA | 1982 | Plast Reconstr Surg1982，70，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Stress Urinary incontinence following childbirth: primigr avida's obstetric and other dangerous factors显示文摘 | Glazener CMA Herbison GP | 2006 | BJOG February2006，113，： | 1 |
| 17 | Structural and antigenic poly mor phixm of the 35-to 48-kilodalton merozoite surface antigen (MSA-2) of the mal aria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum显示文摘 | Fenton B Clard JT Kham CMA | 1991 | Mol Cell Biol1991，11，： | 1 |
| 18 | The cellular framework for chemical signalling in the nucleus accumbens显示文摘 | Meredith GE Pennartz CMA Groenewegen HJ | 1993 | Prom Brain Res1993，99，： | 1 |
| 19 | An analysis of interplanetary sources of geomagnetic storm during November 7-8, 1998显示文摘We analyzed the properties of the solar wind appeared during November 7–8, 1998. Results show that the spaceship ACE spotted a shock (hereinafter referred to as the first shock) at 07:33 UT, November 7. The sheath appeared from the first shock to 22:00 UT November 7. A magnetic cloud-like (MCL) was observed during the period from 22:00 UT November 7 to 11:50 UT, November 8. Another shock was observed at 04:19 UT, November 8 (the second shock). It is apparent that the second shock has entered the rear part of the MCL (MCL_2), though the former part of the MCL (MCL_1) was not affected by the second shock. The main phase of the geomagnetic storm is split into three steps for the convenience of SYM-H index analysis. Step 1 covers the period from the sudden storm commence (SSC) at 08:15 UT, November 7 to the moment of 22:44 UT, November 7. Step 2 starts from 22:44 UT, November 7 and ends at 04:51 UT, November 8. The last step runs from 04:51 UT, November 8 to 06:21 UT, November 8. Step 2 has played a key role in the main development phase of the geomagnetic storm. Analysis of the solar wind properties associated with the main phase shows that the three steps in the main phase have sheath, MCL_1, and MCL_2 as their respective interplanetary source. Specifically, the sheath is covered by the solar wind data from 07:33 UT to 22:00 UT, November 7, MCL1 by the solar wind data from 22:00 UT, November 7 to 04:19 UT November 8, and MCL_2 by the solar wind data from 04:19 UT to 05:57 UT, November 8. MCL_1 had a strong and long lasting so UTh directed magnetic field, allowing it to play a key role in the development of the main phase. MCL_2 made a much smaller contribution to the main development phase, compared with MCL_1. | LE GuiMing1,2,3, TANG YuHua1, ZHENG Liang5 & LIU LianGuang4 1 Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2 National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China 3 Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration (LRCVES/CMA), Beijing 100081, China 4 North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China 5 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Neuropsychological changes in a Mouse model for cow's milk allergy显示文摘 | De Theije CMA Hofman G Korkeaviita J | 2012 | J Neuroimmunol2012，253，12： | 1 |
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