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| 1 | Cytopathologic diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules显示文摘Fine-needle aspiration(FNA) cytology is an important diagnostic tool in patients with thyroid lesions.Several systems have been proposed for the cyropathologic diagnosis of the thyroid nodules.However cases with indeterminate cytological findings still remain a matter of debate.In this review we analyze all literature regarding Thyroid Cytopathology Reporting systems trying to identify the most suitable methodology to use in clinical practice for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules.A review of the English literature was conducted,and data were analyzed and summarized and integrated from the authors' perspective.The main purpose of thyroid FNA is to identify patients with higher risk for malignancy,and to prevent unnecessary surgeries for benign conditions.The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is the most widely used system for the diagnosis of thyroid FNA specimens.This system also contains guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate or suspicious for malignancy cases.In conclusion,patients who require repeated FNAs for indeterminate diagnoses will be resolved by repeat FNA in a percentage of 72%-80%. | Evangelos P Misiakos Niki Margari Christos Meristoudis Nickolas Machairas Dimitrios Schizas Konstantinos Petropoulos Aris Spathis Petros Karakitsos Anastasios Machairas | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2016，4，2： | 12 |
| 2 | Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in haemodialysis patients from central Greece显示文摘AIM:To assess the hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA and the prevalence of occult HBV infection in end-stage renal failure(ESRF)patients from Central Greece. METHODS:Sera from 366 ESRF patients attending five out of six dialysis units from Central Greece were investigated for HBV-DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Only serum samples with repeatedly detectable HBV-DNA were considered positive.IgG antibodies to hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV)were tested by a third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV)were tested by two commercially available ELISAs.RESULTS:HBV-DNA was detected in 15/366 patient (4.1%)and HBsAg in 20/366(5.5%).The prevalenc of occult HBV infection was 0.9%(3/346 HBsAg negative patients).Occult HBV was not associate with a specific marker of HBV infection or anti-HCV o anti-HEV reactivity.There was no significant differenc in HBV-DNA titres,demographic and biochemica features,between patients with occult HBV infectio and those with HBsAg-positive chronic HBV infection. CONCLUSION:In central Greece,4%of ESRF patient had detectable HBV-DNA,though in this setting,th prevalence of occult HBV seems to be very low(0.9%). | Paraskevi Mina Sarah P Georgiadou Christos Rizos George N Dalekos Eirini I Rigopoulou | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，2： | 8 |
| 3 | Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: A novel non-invasive marker for assessing cirrhosis and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To assess serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein(COMP) as a marker of cirrhosis and risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS: A COMP enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay was used to test 187 patients with chronic liver diseases at the time point of first evaluation. The selected patients included 72 with chronic hepatitis B infection, 75 with chronic hepatitis C infection, 22 with primary biliary cirrhosis, 7 with autoimmune hepatitis type 1, and 11 with alcoholic liver disease. Demographic, biochemical, histological and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded at the first evaluation. One hundred and forty-seven patients were followed for a median [interquartile range(IQR)] duration of 96.5(102) mo. The clinical, biochemical and histological data, as well as the development of cirrhosis, HCC according to internationally accepted criteria and in case of death, a liver-related cause during the follow-up period, were recorded at the electronic database of our clinic. COMP determination was also performed in 43 healthy individuals who served as the control study group.RESULTS: COMP positivity(> 15 U/L) was detected in 22%-36% among chronic liver disease groups. Strikingly, almost 83% of COMP-positive patients were cirrhotic at baseline, independently of cause of liver disease. Among the patients who developed HCC during follow-up, 73.7%(14/19) were COMP positive at baseline. COMP positivity was significantly associated with older age(P < 0.001), advanced fibrosis(P = 0.001) and necroinflammatory activity(P = 0.001), higher aspartate aminotransferase(P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase(P < 0.02), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(P = 0.003), alkaline phosphatase(P = 0.001), bilirubin(P < 0.05), international normalized ratio(P = 0.002) and alpha-fetoprotein levels(P < 0.02), and lower albumin(P < 0.001), and platelet count(P = 0.008). COMP levels [median(IQR)] were significantly higher in cirrhotics compared to non-cirrhotics [13.8(7.9) U/L vs 9.8(4.6) U/L, respectively; P < 0.001]. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, COMP-positivity was independently associated only with cirrhosis(OR = 4.40, 95%CI: 1.33-14.69, P = 0.015). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that COMP positivity was significantly associated with HCC development(P = 0.007) and higher incidence of liver-related death(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated COMP levels are strongly associated with cirrhosis and HCC progression. Serum COMP is a new promising non-invasive biomarker for HCC risk assessment in surveillance programs. | Gary L Norman Nikolaos K Gatselis Zakera Shums Christos Liaskos Dimitrios P Bogdanos George K Koukoulis George N Dalekos | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，14： | 7 |
| 4 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Toward a new era of hepatitis B virus therapeutics:The pursuit of a functional cure显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,although preventable by vaccination,remains a global health problem and a major cause of chronic liver disease.Although current treatment strategies suppress viral replication very efficiently,the optimal endpoint of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is rarely achieved.Moreover,the thorny problems of persistent chromatin-like covalently closed circular DNA and the presence of integrated HBV DNA in the host genome are ignored.Therefore,the scientific community has focused on developing innovative therapeutic approaches to achieve a functional cure of HBV,defined as undetectable HBV DNA and HBsAg loss over a limited treatment period.A deeper understanding of the HBV life cycle has led to the introduction of novel direct-acting antivirals that exert their function through multiple mechanisms,including inhibition of viral entry,transcriptional silencing,epigenetic manipulation,interference with capsid assembly,and disruption of HBsAg release.In parallel,another category of new drugs aims to restore dysregulated immune function in chronic hepatitis B accompanied by lethargic cellular and humoral responses.Stimulation of innate immunity by pattern-recognition receptor agonists leads to upregulation of antiviral cytokine expression and appears to contribute to HBV containment.Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T cells are breakthrough technologies currently being explored that may elicit potent HBV-specific T-cell responses.In addition,several clinical trials are attempting to clarify the role of therapeutic vaccination in this setting.Ultimately,it is increasingly recognized that elimination of HBV requires a treatment regimen based on a combination of multiple drugs.This review describes the rationale for progressive therapeutic interventions and discusses the latest findings in the field of HBV therapeutics. | Efthymios P Tsounis Evanthia Tourkochristou Athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，21： | 5 |
| 6 | Nucleic acid vaccines: A taboo broken and prospect for a hepatitis B virus cure显示文摘Although a prophylactic vaccine is available,hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality.Current treatment options are improving clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis B;however,true functional cure is currently the exception rather than the rule.Nucleic acid vaccines are among the emerging immunotherapies that aim to restore weakened immune function in chronically infected hosts.DNA vaccines in particular have shown promising results in vivo by reducing viral replication,breaking immune tolerance in a sustained manner,or even decimating the intranuclear covalently closed circular DNA reservoir,the hallmark of HBV treatment.Although DNA vaccines encoding surface antigens administered by conventional injection elicit HBVspecific T cell responses in humans,initial clinical trials failed to demonstrate additional therapeutic benefit when administered with nucleos(t)ide analogs.In an attempt to improve vaccine immunogenicity,several techniques have been used,including codon/promoter optimization,coadministration of cytokine adjuvants,plasmids engineered to express multiple HBV epitopes,or combinations with other immunomodulators.DNA vaccine delivery by electroporation is among the most efficient strategies to enhance the production of plasmid-derived antigens to stimulate a potent cellular and humoral anti-HBV response.Preliminary results suggest that DNA vaccination via electroporation efficiently invigorates both arms of adaptive immunity and suppresses serum HBV DNA.In contrast,the study of mRNA-based vaccines is limited to a few in vitro experiments in this area.Further studies are needed to clarify the prospects of nucleic acid vaccines for HBV cure. | Efthymios P Tsounis Athanasia Mouzaki Christos Triantos | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，41： | 3 |
| 7 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia:Focus on current treatment options显示文摘High-grade dysplasia(HGD) in Barrett's esophagus(BE) is the critical step before invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma.Although its natural history remains unclear,an aggressive therapeutic approach is usually indicated.Esophagectomy represents the only treatment able to reliably eradicate the neoplastic epithelium.In healthy patients with reasonable life expectancy,vagal-sparing esophagectomy,with associated low mortality and low early and late postoperative morbidity,is considered the treatment of choice for BE with HGD.Patients unfit for surgery should be managed in a less aggressive manner,using endoscopic ablation or endoscopic mucosal resection of the entire BE segment,followed by lifelong surveillance.Patients eligible for surgery who present with a long BE segment,multifocal dysplastic lesions,severe reflux symptoms,a large fixed hiatal hernia or dysphagia comprise a challenging group with regard to the appropriate treatment,either surgical or endoscopic. | Leonidas Lekakos Nikolaos P Karidis Dimitrios Dimitroulis Christos Tsigris Gregory Kouraklis Nikolaos Nikiteas | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，37： | 2 |
| 9 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 10 | Cancer pain and analgesia显示文摘 | Christo P J Mazloomdoost D | 2008 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2008，138，： | 1 |
| 11 | Consumption of fruits and vegetables in relation to the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes;the CARDIO2000 case-control study显示文摘 | Demosthenes BP Christos P Peter K | 2003 | Nutr J2003，10，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Atherosclerotic changes of extracoronary arteries are associated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis 显示文摘 | JOHN P CHRISTOS M ADRIANA T | 2000 | Am J Cardiol2000，85，： | 1 |
| 13 | Predictive factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in TIa and TIb breast carcinomas :analysis in more than 900 patients 显示文摘 | Rivadeneira DE Simmons RM Christos P J | 2000 | J Am Coll Surg2000，191，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Greenland temperature response to climate forcing during the last deglaciation显示文摘 | Christo B Vasileios G Jeffrey P S | 2014 | Science2014，345，： | 1 |
| 15 | Gross morphology of the bridges over the vertebral artery groove on the atlas显示文摘 | GEORGE P BASILIOS P CHRISTOS T | 2005 | Surg Radiol Anat2005，27，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Ankle- Brachial Index as a predictor of the extent of coronary atherosclerosis is and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease 显示文摘 | Christos M Papamicheal John P | 2000 | Am J Cardiol2000，86，： | 1 |
| 17 | Outcomeo f deferred initial therapy in mantlecell lymphoma显示文摘 | Martin P Chadbum A Christos P | 2009 | J Clin Oncol2009，，27： | 1 |
| 18 | Web Usage Mining as a Tool for Personalization: A Survey显示文摘 | Dimitrios P Georgios P Christos P | 2003 | User Modeling and User- Adapted Interaction2003，13，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Characterization of the pore structure of reservoir rocks with the aid of serial sectioning analysis, mercury porosimetry and network simulation显示文摘 | Christos D Tsakiroglou Alkiviades C P | 2000 | Advances in Water Resources2000，23，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Phase Ⅰ trial of ixabepilone plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with adenocarcinoma of breast or ovary dagger double dagger显示文摘 | Chuang E Wiener N Christos P | 2010 | Ann Oncol2010，21，10： | 1 |
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