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| 1 | Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of PSC have been described, most recently PSC with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PSC-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms 'primary sclerosing cholangitis','IgG4', and 'IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-SC)'. Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of PSC patients. This group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to PSCnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-SC. Distinguishing PSC-high IgG4 from IgG4-SC remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-SC and PSC-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in PSC-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. The immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in PSC are incompletely defined. An association with PSC-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), T-helper2 and T-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. PSC-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-SC,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. The presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. | Charis D Manganis Roger W Chapman Emma L Culver | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，23： | 5 |
| 2 | Addition of senna improves quality of colonoscopy preparation with magnesium citrate显示文摘AIM: To prospectively investigate the effectiveness and patient’s tolerance of two low-cost bowel cleansing preparation protocols based on magnesium citrate only or the combination of magnesium citrate and senna. METHODS: A total of 342 patients who were referred for colonoscopy underwent a colon cleansing protocol with magnesium citrate alone (n = 160) or magnesium citrate and senna granules (n = 182). The colonoscopist rated the overall efficacy of colon cleansing using an established score on a 4-point scale. Patients were questioned before undergoing colonoscopy for side effects and symptoms during bowel preparation. RESULTS: The percentage of procedures rescheduled because ofinsufficient colon cleansing was 7% in the magnesium citrate group and 4% in the magnesium citrate/senna group (P = 0.44). Adequate visualization of the colonic mucosa was rated superior under the citramag/senna regimen (P = 0.004). Both regimens were well tolerated, and did not significantly differ in the occurrence of nausea, bloating or headache.However, abdominal cramps were observed more often under the senna protocol (29.2%) compared to the magnesium citrate only protocol (9.9%, P < 0.0003). CONCLUSION: The addition of senna to the bowel preparation protocol with magnesium citrate significantly improves the cleansing outcome. | Stergios Vradelis Evangelos Kalaitzakis Yalda Sharifi Otto Buchel Satish Keshav Roger W Chapman Barbara Braden | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，14： | 3 |
| 3 | Evolving role of magnetic resonance techniques in primary sclerosing cholangitis显示文摘Development of non-invasive methods to risk-stratify patients and predict clinical endpoints have been identified as one of the key research priorities in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC). In addition to serum and histological biomarkers, there has been much recent interest in developing imaging biomarkers that can predict disease course and clinical outcomes in PSC.Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRI/MRCP) continue to play a central role in the diagnosis and follow-up of PSC patients. Magnetic resonance(MR) techniques have undergone significant advancement over the last three decades both in MR data acquisition and interpretation. The progression from a qualitative to quantitative approach in MR acquisition techniques and data interpretation, offers the opportunity for the development of objective and reproducible imaging biomarkers that can potentially be incorporated as an additional endpoint in clinical trials. This review article will discuss how the role of MR techniques have evolved over the last three decades from emerging as an alternative diagnostic tool to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, to being instrumental in the ongoing search for imaging biomarker of disease stage, progression and prognosis in PSC. | Emmanuel A Selvaraj Emma L Culver Helen Bungay Adam Bailey Roger W Chapman Michael Pavlides | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，6： | 2 |
| 4 | X-ray focusing using microchannel plates I theory显示文摘 | Chapman H N Nugent K A Wilkins S W | 1993 | Appl Opt1993，32，： | 2 |
| 5 | Development of a regional climate model of the western Arctic 显示文摘 | Lynch A H Chapman W L Walsh J E | 1995 | Journal of Climate1995，8，： | 1 |
| 6 | Botulinum toxin type B micromechanosensor 显示文摘 | LIU W MONTANA V CHAPMAN E R | 2003 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2003，100，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Drug Evaluations Using Neuronal Networks Cultured on Microelectrode Arrays显示文摘 | Morefield S I Keefer E W Chapman K D | 2000 | Biosensors & Bioelectronics2000，15，： | 1 |
| 8 | Changes in nonvolatile acids, sugars, pectin and sugar composition of pectin during peach (cv Monroe) maturation显示文摘 | Chapman G W Horvat R J | 1990 | J Agric Food Chem1990，38，： | 1 |
| 9 | 显示文摘 | Abouimrane A Dambournet D Chapman K W | 2012 | J Am Chem Soc2012，134，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: expert consensus statement显示文摘 | Jarnagin W Chapman WC Curley S | 2010 | HPB (Oxford)2010，12，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Sensitivity of field isolates of Eimeria from two broiler complexes to anticoccidial drugs in the chicken显示文摘 | Chapman H D Shirley M W | 1994 | Poultry Science1994，73，： | 1 |
| 12 | Recent decrease of sea level pressure in the central arctic显示文摘 | Walsh J E Chapman W L Shy T L | 1996 | J Climate1996，9，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Software architecture definition for on-demand cloud provisioning 显示文摘 | CHAPMAN C EMMERICH W | 2012 | Cluster Computing2012，15，2： | 1 |
| 14 | A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Negated Findings and Diseases in Discharge Summaries显示文摘 | Chapman W W Bridewell W Hanbury P | 2001 | Journal of Biomedical Informatics2001，34，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Novel' electrode materials for thin-film ultracapacitors: comparison of electrochemical properties of sol-gel-derived and electrodeposited manganese dioxide 显示文摘 | PANG S C ANDERSON M A CHAPMAN T W | 2000 | J Electrochem Soc2000，147，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Improving individualmeasurement of postoperative pain: the pain trajectory显示文摘 | Chapman C R Donaldson G W Davis J J | 2011 | J Pain2011，12，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Production of foot-and-mouth disease virus antigen from BHK21 clone 13cells grown and infected in deep suspension cultures显示文摘 | Capstick P B Garland A J Chapman W G | 1965 | Nature1965，205，976： | 1 |
| 18 | The phytohormone profile of the red alga Porphyra perforata显示文摘 | Zhang W Yamane H Chapman D J | 1993 | Botanica Marina1993，36，3： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Anderson M A Pang S C Chapman T W | 2000 | J Electrochem Soc2000，147，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Heat requirements of snow melting systems显示文摘 | Chapman W P Katunich S | 1996 | ASHRAE Transactions1996，，62： | 1 |
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