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| 1 | 社区慢性病管理新模式的基本原理和设计--快乐生活俱乐部TM项目成果报告(一)显示文摘作为快乐生活俱乐部系列的开篇,本文目的是介绍和讨论这个社区慢性病管理项目的基本设计原理、现实意义,并作为其他系列文章的方法学基础。快乐生活俱乐部是受国际商标保护的慢性病管理项目,它源于澳大利亚的美好生活俱乐部。当今人类社会人口老龄化和慢性病海啸给国家和地区的卫生服务系统带来巨大挑战,首当其冲的问题是卫生服务提供系统怎样响应老龄化社区的健康服务需要。快速增长的糖尿病是21世纪人类健康的巨大疾病负担之一,这种前所未有的需要不仅仅是数量上的增长,还是内涵上的变化。它促使卫生政策和服务的研究者们向探索创新性的卫生服务系统方向发展。初级卫生保健和全科医学位于这场新战役的前沿阵地。快乐生活俱乐部就是一种创新探索,致力于把社区卫生服务更进一步地推向生物-心理-社会健康的服务模式。它以动机谈话为主要干预措施,从应用心理学入手加强基层卫生服务人员的能力建设,使社区医生和护士能够采用合作和指导式的医患沟通方式,唤起患者对慢性病管理的自主性和信心,有效地帮助糖尿病患者改变与慢性病有关的生活方式行为,从而达到更好的管理慢性病和提高生活质量的目的 。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman 张拓红 李志新 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，1： | 31 |
| 2 | 改善2型糖尿病患者的生活质量--快乐生活俱乐部^(TM_注)项目报告(六)显示文摘背景和目的糖尿病明显地影响病人的心理健康,而心理问题又反过来影响病人参与治疗和自我管理的能力。快乐生活俱乐部的健康教练采用动机谈话和心理学技术,帮助病人改变行为,更好地管理慢性病。本项目采用凯斯勒心理忧虑量表(Kessler psychological d istress scale,K10)评价干预对参加者心理健康的影响。方法将100名55岁及以上的糖尿病患者随机分为动机谈话组(干预组)和对照组,10名社区卫生工作者接受健康心理学专家培训,为干预组提供动机谈话服务。干预组和对照组都接受常规的糖尿病管理。在干预实施前、实施后6个月和12个月时以问卷调查方式收集数据。计算K10每个指标的平均值,并按照低、中、高、很高对K10总分进行心理问题严重程度的分析。将K10总分≥16确定为焦虑或抑郁风险较高,K10总分≥30确定为心理疾病筛选阳性,比较干预前后两组间的差异。结果 (1)干预1~6个月时,干预组10个指标中有6个明显下降,差异有统计学意义。干预7~12个月时,这6个指标中有5个继续下降,另外还有2个指标开始下降。(2)干预1~6个月时,两组较高焦虑或抑郁风险的比例都明显下降,7~12个月时未呈继续下降。(3)基线时,心理疾病筛选阳性(K10分值30~50)率为6%,高于中国和澳大利亚以往调查的结果。该率在干预6个月后明显下降。结论项目干预对改善糖尿病患者非特异性心理抑郁产生积极影响。建议今后的卫生调查和干预研究中,开展对K10的心理测量学研究。建议该项目的干预组和对照组分别设置在不同的社区卫生服务中心,并增加观察样本量,以更好地评估动机谈话等心理学技术的干预效果。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman Sean Cowlishaw 李志新 张拓红 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，19： | 21 |
| 3 | 空气污染对儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的影响显示文摘根据空气污染数据对广州、武汉、兰州、重庆4城市8个点位进行了空气污染的聚类分析,并按空气污染程度进行了排序.在此基础上,分析了空气污染程度与儿童及其父母呼吸系统健康的关系.发现儿童11种患病率随空气污染程度加重而呈上升趋势.污染最重组的患病率是污染较轻组的1.71(3.95倍.污染最重组的比数比(即OR值)是污染较轻组的3.313(6.942倍.空气污染对儿童父母的呼吸系统患病率也有轻度至中度的影响. | 胡伟 魏复盛 滕恩江 吴国平 Jim Zhang Robert S. Chapman | 2000 | 中国环境科学2000，20，5： | 21 |
| 4 | 岩石中波传播速度频散与衰减显示文摘速度频散与衰减是地震岩石物理领域一个前沿性问题,它不仅是开展频率域储层及流体预测的关键理论基础,同时也是解决不同地球物理测量方法(地面地震、VSP、测井、超声波岩心观测等)之间数据匹配困难的重要手段。笔者在阐述速度频散和衰减现象基本特征的基础上,详细回顾了Biot模型、喷射流模型、BISQ模型、双孔模型、裂缝-孔隙微结构模型和斑块饱和模型等6种主要速度频散与衰减理论模型的研究进程、原理和限制性,利用示意图直观地描述了这些模型的机制,并给出了它们各自的高低频极限、特征频率和适用条件。同时系统回顾并分析了国内外半个多世纪来速度频散与衰减实验测量技术的发展进程和应用现状,并在实验测量数据的基础上给出了自己对地球物理测量手段、岩石物理模型与频率相关性方面的思考和认识,即有必要将单频带的岩石物理模型拓展到全频带,并基于此将不同频带地球物理手段的测量数据联系起来,实现在同一尺度下的综合应用。 | 王海洋 孙赞东 Mark CHAPMAN | 2012 | 石油学报2012，33，2： | 19 |
| 5 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 6 | 通过动机谈话促进2型糖尿病患者的行为改变--快乐生活俱乐部TM注项目报告(三)显示文摘本文是快乐生活俱乐部系列文章之三,重点阐述慢性病管理的关键干预措施动机谈话的概念和相关理论、核心技术要点和实施环节,以及保证干预质量的主要措施,包括健康教练培训和实施过程监控。并讨论动机谈话等心理学服务技术对中国社区卫生服务政策、质量和医学教育的意义。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman 张拓红 李志新 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，7： | 17 |
| 7 | 通过国际合作开发创新性社区慢性病管理模式--快乐生活俱乐部^(TM)项目成果报告(二)显示文摘本文目的是通过探讨澳大利亚和中国国情和体制的相似点和不同点,揭示慢性病管理研究国际合作的重要性和可行性。中澳两国在人口结构、社会和政治架构、文化传统以及卫生系统等各方面都有显著的差异,然而两国却面临同样的老龄化人口学变迁和随之产生的慢性病的严重负担。在全球化时代,两国在经济发展上存在互补和合作机遇,同时有更多的机会构建医疗卫生领域的合作。快乐生活俱乐部就是在这种环境和压力下建立起来的合作式伙伴关系项目。这个伙伴关系以交换信息、共同行动、分担资源、能力建设作为主要特征。该项目的主要干预措施动机谈话不仅仅是澳大利亚慢性病管理技术在中国的本土化试验,而且研究成果也反馈到澳大利亚,用来进一步促进该国以社区为基础的健康教练服务。因此,在面对慢性病海啸的严峻挑战时,国际间合作研究是重要的策略之一,它不仅仅能促进各方更好地提供慢性病管理服务,还能共同开发决策证据,促进更好的健康和卫生服务政策。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman 张拓红 李志新 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，4： | 17 |
| 8 | Primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by chronic inflammation and stricture formation of the biliary tree. Symptoms include itch and lethargy and in advanced cases cholangitis and end-stage liver disease, however increasing numbers of asymptomatic individuals are being identified. The disease is rare in the general population but is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting up to 5% of patients with Ulcerative Colitis, with a slightly lower prevalence (up to 3.6%) in Crohns disease. The strength of this association means that the vast majority (> 90%) of patients with PSC also have IBD, although many may have only mild gastro-intestinal symptoms. Usually IBD presents before PSC, although vice-versa can occur and the onset of both conditions can be separated in some cases by many years. Mean age of diagnosis of PSC is in the fifth decade of life with a strong male predominance. Risk is increased in those with a family history of PSC, suggesting a genetic predisposition and the disease is almost exclusive to non-smokers. The ulcerative colitis associated with PSC is characteristically mild, runs a quiescent course, is associated with rectal sparing, more severe right sided disease, backwash ilieitis and has a high risk of pouchitis post-colectomy. Most worrisome is the high risk of colorectal malignancy which necessitates routine colonoscopic surveillance. Cholangiocarcinoma is also a frequent complication of PSC with a 10%-15% lifetime risk of developing this condition. Treatment with high dose ursodeoxycholic acid offers some chemoprotective effects against colorectal malignancy and may decrease symptoms, biochemical and histological progression of liver disease. Small duct PSC patients characteristically have normal cholangiography, and liver biopsy is required for diagnosis, it appears to have a more favourable prognosis. Autoimmune Hepatitis(AIH) is also more prevalent in patients with IBD, with up to 16% of patients with AIH also having ulcerative colitis. A small subgroup of patients have a AIH- PSC overlap syndrome and the management of these patients depends on liver histology, serum IgM levels, autoantibodies, degree of biochemical cholestasis and cholangiography as some of these patients may respond to immunosupression. | Rebecca Saich Roger Chapman | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，3： | 15 |
| 9 | Sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease显示文摘Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morbidity and mortality burden. The complex and dynamic relationship between sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease(CKD) remain relatively little investigated. This article presents an overview of sleep disorders in patients with CKD, with emphasis on relevant pathophysiologic underpinnings and clinical presentations. Evidence-based interventions will be discussed, in the context of individual sleep disorders, namely sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness. Limitations of the current knowledge as well as future research directions will be highlighted, with a final discussion of different conceptual frameworks of the relationship between sleep disorders and CKD. | Stephanie C Maung Ammar El Sara Cherylle Chapman Danielle Cohen Daniel Cukor | 2016 | World Journal of Nephrology2016，5，3： | 13 |
| 10 | 探索以病人为中心的慢性病管理模式--快乐生活俱乐部^(TM)项目报告(四)显示文摘本文是快乐生活俱乐部系列文章之四,从理论上和实践上探讨以病人为中心的医疗卫生服务模式。作者认为以病人为中心的服务是从生物-心理-社会的多维度框架中揭示疾病与患病的关系;是从医学、社会学、经济学、文化学的角度把病人理解为独特的整体人;是卫生工作者与病人、家属、社区共同分担权利和责任的过程;是医患之间富于情感互动的治疗联盟;是将医务人员客观性和主观性有机结合的服务过程。快乐生活俱乐部的设计和实施是以病人为中心为原则的,通过把动机谈话纳入糖尿病管理,来促进病人的躯体和心理健康,提高生活质量;通过培训加强健康教练的心理学技能和综合服务能力建设;鼓励健康教练与病人建立连续和长期的合作关系,共同参与和拥有糖尿病管理;着眼于给病人提供个体化的行为改变指导和帮助;通过'换帽子'的方式交替地体现临床医生和健康教练的功能。本文最后归纳了全文的要点,并提出快乐生活俱乐部的以病人为中心模式,对社区卫生服务及区域卫生系统发展的启示和意义。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman 张拓红 李志新 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，10： | 11 |
| 11 | 能使体外培养细胞长期存活的技术显示文摘美国科学家的最新研究表明Rho激酶抑制剂(Y-27632)与纤维母细胞饲养细胞合用能够诱导许多组织的正常上皮细胞以及肿瘤上皮细胞在体外无限增值,而不需要转导外源性病毒或细胞基因.例如原始前列腺和乳腺细胞重编程为基底细胞样干细胞样表型并在基底膜中形成有序的前列腺球和乳腺球.相较于筛选稀少的干细胞样细胞,在所述的生长条件下能够在活检组织获取后的5 d~6 d内产生2×106个细胞,能够从冷冻组织少于4个活细胞培养起来.持续的细胞增殖依赖于纤维母细胞饲养细胞和Y-27632两者,进行有条件重组的细胞(CRCs)保持了正常的核型和非致瘤性.该技术也能够有效建立人和啮齿类动物肿瘤细胞的培养系.例如,从人前列腺癌建立的CRCs表现出第13号染色体的不稳定性,在基底膜中的异常增殖以及在有严重合并免疫缺陷的老鼠中形成肿瘤.这种从少量活检样本和冷冻组织迅速产生许多肿瘤细胞的能力为基于细胞的诊断和治疗(包括测试化学敏感性)提供了很大机会并大大提高了生物银行的价值.另外,CRC方法能够对取自体内的上皮细胞进行遗传操作以及随后的自体体内评估. | Xuefeng Liu Virginie Ory Sandra Chapman | 2012 | 中国烧伤创疡杂志2012，24，3： | 11 |
| 12 | A universal strategy for the creation of machine learning-based atomistic force fields显示文摘Emerging machine learning(ML)-based approaches provide powerful and novel tools to study a variety of physical and chemical problems.In this contribution,we outline a universal strategy to create ML-based atomistic force fields,which can be used to perform high-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations.This scheme involves(1)preparing a big reference dataset of atomic environments and forces with sufficiently low noise,e.g.,using density functional theory or higher-level methods,(2)utilizing a generalizable class of structural fingerprints for representing atomic environments,(3)optimally selecting diverse and nonredundant training datasets from the reference data,and(4)proposing various learning approaches to predict atomic forces directly(and rapidly)from atomic configurations.From the atomistic forces,accurate potential energies can then be obtained by appropriate integration along a reaction coordinate or along a molecular dynamics trajectory.Based on this strategy,we have created model ML force fields for six elemental bulk solids,including Al,Cu,Ti,W,Si,and C,and show that all of them can reach chemical accuracy.The proposed procedure is general and universal,in that it can potentially be used to generate ML force fields for any material using the same unified workflow with little human intervention.Moreover,the force fields can be systematically improved by adding new training data progressively to represent atomic environments not encountered previously. | Tran Doan Huan Rohit Batra James Chapman Sridevi Krishnan Lihua Chen Rampi Ramprasad | 2017 | npj Computational Materials2017，，1： | 10 |
| 13 | Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human显示文摘 | Nakamura TM Morin GB Chapman KB | | 0，，： | 10 |
| 14 | Malnutrition in cirrhosis:More food for thought显示文摘Malnutrition is highly prevalent in liver cirrhosis and its presence carries important prognostic implications.The clinical conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms that cause malnutrition in cirrhosis are multiple and interrelated.Anorexia and liver decompensation symptoms lead to poor dietary intake;metabolic changes characterised by elevated energy expenditure,reduced glycogen storage,an accelerated starvation response and protein catabolism result in muscle and fat wasting;and,malabsorption renders the cirrhotic patient unable to fully absorb or utilise food that has been consumed.Malnutrition is therefore a considerable challenge to manage effectively,particularly as liver disease progresses.A high energy,high protein diet is recognised as standard of care,yet patients struggle to follow this recommendation and there is limited evidence to guide malnutrition interventions in cirrhosis and liver transplantation.In this review,we seek to detail the factors which contribute to poor nutritional status in liver disease,and highlight complexities far greater than“poor appetite”or“reduced oral intake”leading to malnutrition.We also discuss management strategies to optimise nutritional status in this patient group,which target the inter-related mechanisms unique to advanced liver disease.Finally,future research requirements are suggested,to develop effective treatments for one of the most common and debilitating complications afflicting cirrhotic patients. | Brooke Chapman Marie Sinclair Paul J Gow Adam G Testro | 2020 | World Journal of Hepatology2020，12，11： | 8 |
| 15 | 全污水处理厂数学模拟的BioWin模型显示文摘目前污水处理厂的数学模拟已经朝全污水处理厂模拟的方向发展,着眼于污水处理厂整体的优化设计和运行。随着厌氧消化模型和旁流工艺模型的开发,建立包括一个污水处理厂水区和泥区以及旁流处理工艺在内的全厂污水处理工艺模拟已经成为可能。全污水处理厂数学模拟将是污水处理厂节能减排方案分析和评价的重要工具。全面介绍了全污水处理厂模拟的BioWin模型,主要包括活性污泥模型、厌氧消化模型和旁流处理工艺模型,并将此模型与现行其他常用模型进行对比。 | 胡志荣 Chapman K. Dold P. Jones R. Takács I. | 2008 | 给水排水2008，34，S1： | 7 |
| 16 | 2型糖尿病的共病及其社区干预的意义--快乐生活俱乐部^TM注 项目报告(八)显示文摘背景快乐生活俱乐部TM慢性病管理项目的目的 ,是通过帮助患者改变行为生活方式,改善患者对医疗服务的依从性和自我管理能力,有效地利用医疗服务,改善生活质量。糖尿病的共病现象增加了患者对医疗卫生服务的利用和成本,对共病的管理将有利于提高社区慢性病管理的效率。本文的目的是通过快乐生活俱乐部TM试点的数据分析,探讨2型糖尿病的共病及其对社区干预计划和实施的意义。方法在试点社区招募100名55岁及以上的2型糖尿病患者,随机分配成干预组和对照组。10名经过澳大利亚健康心理学培训的社区医生和护士,对干预组患者提供以动机谈话为主的健康教练服务。研究者在干预前、干预6个月和12个月对患者进行问卷调查、心理健康状况筛查和临床检查监测,掌握患者的躯体和心理共病状况。采用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 77%的糖尿病患者同时患心血管疾病,37%的糖尿病患者患骨关节疾病。凯斯勒心理忧郁量表筛查结果,32%的患者评分大于22。48%的糖尿病患者患1种共病,31%的患者患2种共病,7%的患者患3种共病。干预组患者在干预后收缩压有下降趋势,但统计学检验结果差异无显著性。结论心血管疾病是糖尿病患者最普遍存在的共病,其次为骨关节病。糖尿病患者心理忧郁的可能性较高。糖尿病与心血管疾病之间存在共同的行为危险因素。对膳食和身体锻炼的行为干预,将有利于对慢性病的综合管理,提高社区慢性病管理的效率。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas 杨辉 Anna Chapman Sean Cowlishaw 李志新 张拓红 | 2011 | 中国全科医学2011，14，28： | 7 |
| 17 | The low FODMAP diet improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study显示文摘 | R. H. Roest B. R. Dobbs B. A. Chapman B. Batman L. A. O’Brien J. A. Leeper C. R. Hebblethwaite R. B. Gearry | 2013 | Int J Clin Pract2013，，9： | 7 |
| 18 | 评估清晨或夜晚服用降压药对24h动态血压的影响:清晨或夜间服用降压药的希腊英国联合研究显示文摘观察数据显示,临床血压水平与随后的主要不良心血管事件之间存在强烈的线性关系。然而,动态血压监测显示,夜间血压水平比24h或白天血压水平更能预测主要的不良心血管事件。此外,夜间与白天的血压比值和杓型状态也是心血管结局的重要独立预测因素。这些发现可能对抗高血压药物的最佳给药时间有影响,一些研究表明,夜晚服用降压药可能较白天服药减少心血管事件。 | Poulter NR Savopoulos C Anjum A Apostolopoulou M Chapman N Cross M Falaschetti E Fotiadis S James RM Kanellos I Szigeti M Thom S Sever P Thompson D Hatzitolios AI 赵狄 练桂丽 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，10： | 7 |
| 19 | Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology but lymphocytic portal tract infiltration is suggestive of an immune-mediated basis for this disease.Associations with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) especially ulcerative colitis(UC),and with particular autoimmune diseases,as well as the genetic associations further suggest PSC may be an immune-mediated disease.The immunogenetics of PSC have been the subject of active research and several HLA and non-HLA associated genes have been implicated in the development of the disease.Lymphocytes derived from the inflamed gut may enter the liver via the enterohepatic circulation to cause hepatic disease.PSC may be triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by infections or toxins entering the portal circulation through a permeable colon and hence evoking an abnormal immune response. | Roger Chapman Sue Cullen | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 6 |
| 20 | A 2D DEM-LBM study on soil behaviour due to locally injected fluid显示文摘Leakage from underground pipes could result in foundations being undermined and cause damage to adjacent infrastructure. Soil particles surrounding the leaking area could be mobilised, displaced, and even washed out of the soil matrix by the leaking fluid, generating a void or cavity. A two-dimensional simulation using a coupled discrete element method and lattice Boltzmann method (DEM-LBM) has been used to investigate the behaviour of a soil bed subject to a locally injected fluid, which represents a leak in a pipe. Various values of inter-particle surface energy were also adopted to model the mechanical effects of cohesive particles. The results suggest that the inter-particle surface energy greatly influences the bed response with respect to the leaking fluid, including the excess pressure initiating the cavity, the cavity shape and its evolution rate. | Xilin Cui Jun Li Andrew Chan David Chapman | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，2： | 6 |
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