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| 1 | The role of MC1R gene in buffalo coat color显示文摘Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) plays a major role in pigmentation in many species.To investigate if the MC1R gene is associated with coat color in water buffalo,the coding region of MC1R gene of 216 buffalo samples was sequenced,which included 49 black river buffalo (Murrah and Nili-Ravi),136 swamp buffalo (Dehong,Diandongnan,Dechang,Guizhou,and Xilin) with white and gray body,and 31 hybrid offspring of river buffalo Nili-Ravi (or Murrah) and swamp buffalo.Among the three variation sites found,SNP684 was synonymous,while SNP310 and SNP384 were nonsynonymous,leading to p.S104G and p.I128M changes,respectively.Only Individuals carrying homozygote EBR/EBR were black.The genotype and phenotype analysis of the hybrid offspring of black river buffalo and gray swamp buffalo further revealed that the river buffalo type allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was important for the full function of MC1R.The in silico functional analysis showed that the amino acid substitutions p.G104S and p.M128I had significant impact on the function of MC1R.Above results indicate that the allele EBR or the allele carrying the amino acid p.104S was associated with the black coat color in buffalo. | MIAO YongWang1,2,WU GuiSheng3,WANG Lei2,LI DaLin4,TANG ShouKun5,LIANG JianPing2,MAO HuaMing2,LUO HuaiRong3 & ZHANG YaPing1,6 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China 2 Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China 3 Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China 4 Yunnan Institute of Buffalo Science and Technology,Kunming 650021,China 5 Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Luxi city,Luxi 678400,China 6 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，2： | 8 |
| 2 | BILEVEL PROGRAMS WITH MULTIPLE FOLLOWERS显示文摘In this paper, we are concerned with bilevel programs with multiple followers. Three new solution concepts are introduced for a bilevel programming problem with multiple followers. First, one sufficient condition for the existence of a Nash equilibrium reaction is presented and the continuity of the reaction set is discussed. Next, we show that a class of bilevel programs with multiple followers can be solved via solving a corresponding bilevel program with a single follower. Finally on the basis of a theorem proved via applying the Kuhn-Tucker conditions to the inner game problem, a branch and bound technique is developed for bilevel program with multiple followers. Two numerical examples are also given to illustrate the algorithm. | WANG Qian(Department of Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo,Buffalo, NY 14260, USA)YANG Fengmei(Depariment of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029, China)WANG Shouyang(Instit | 2000 | Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences2000，13，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Extracorporeal immunoad- sorption: initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus 显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattio|i C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，8147： | 1 |
| 4 | SAR-ECCM using phase-perturbed LFM chirp signals and DRFM repeat mammer penalization显示文摘 | Soumekh M Buffalo S | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems2006，42，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Coronmy artery bypsass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass 显示文摘 | Buffalo E de Andrade JCS Branco JNR | 1996 | Ann Thorac Surg1996，61，： | 1 |
| 6 | Extracorporeal immunoad-sorption:initial experience in hunman systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，8147： | 1 |
| 7 | Creating Metadata for Children's Resources:Issues,Research,and Current Developments显示文摘 | June Abbas SUNY Buffalo | 2005 | Library trends2005，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Extracorporeal immunoadsorption: Initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，： | 1 |
| 9 | Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass显示文摘 | Buffalo E Silva de Andrade J C Branco J N R | 1996 | Ann Thorac Surg1996，61，： | 1 |
| 10 | Creating Metadata for Children's Resources: Issues, Research, and Current Developments 显示文摘 | June Abbas Suny Buffalo | 2005 | Library Trends2005，54，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Extracorporeal immunoabsorption:initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C Cook G Tillquist R Sullivan M | | 0，，8147： | 1 |
| 12 | Extracorporcal immunoadsorption:initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | | 0，，8147： | 1 |
| 13 | Extracorporeal immunoadsorption: Initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，202，8147： | 1 |
| 14 | Extraeorporeal immunoabsorption:Initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman D S Buffaloe G Mattioli C | | 0，，8147： | 1 |
| 15 | Extracorporealimmunoadsorption: initial experience in human systemic lupuselv thematosus显示文摘 | Teman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，8147： | 1 |
| 16 | Empirical mode decomposition of field potentials from macaque V4 in visual spatial attention显示文摘 | Liang H Bressler SL Buffalo EA | 2005 | Biol Cybern2005，92，： | 1 |
| 17 | Extracorporeal immunoadsorption:initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，314，8147： | 1 |
| 18 | Extracorporeal immunoadsorption: Initial experience in Human systemic lupus ery2thematosus 显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，8147： | 1 |
| 19 | Extracorporeal immunoadsorption: Initial experience in human systemic lupus erythematosus 显示文摘 | Terman DS Buffaloe G Mattioli C | 1979 | Lancet1979，2，： | 1 |
| 20 | Using the Creative Product Semantic Scale as a Metric for Results-Oriented Business显示文摘 | O'QUIN K BESEMER S BUFFALO N | 2006 | Creativity and Innovation Management2006，15，1： | 1 |
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