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| 1 | Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties显示文摘The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and in serum total protein, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT), bilirubin and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to liver injury in the paracetamol-administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of liver GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT and serum total protein level, and decrease in the contents of serum ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin and liver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are similar to the activities of hepato-protective drug silymarin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cells, and, on the other hand, modulates the genes responsible for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in liver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as ALP, AST and ALT. | Mariappan BALAMURUGAN Kasi PARTHASARATHI Lalpet Souri RANGANATHAN Edwin L. COOPER | 2008 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2008，9，2： | 12 |
| 2 | Differentiation of Sheeppox and Goatpox Viruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism显示文摘In the present study,the partial gene sequences of P32 protein,an immunogenic envelope protein of Capripoxviruses (CaPV),were analyzed to assess the genetic relationship among sheeppox and goatpox virus isolates,and restriction enzyme specific PCR-RFLP was developed to differentiate CaPV strains.A total of six goatpox virus (GTPV) and nine sheeppox virus (SPPV) isolates of Indian origin were included in the sequence analysis of the attachment gene.The sequence analysis revealed a high degree of sequence identity among all the Indian SPPV and GTPV isolates at both nucleotide and amino acid levels.Phylogenetic analysis showed three distinct clusters of SPPV,GTPV and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) isolates.Further,multiple sequence alignment revealed a unique change at G120A in all GTPV isolates resulting in the formation of Dra I restriction site in lieu of EcoR I,which is present in SPPV isolates studied.This change was unique and exploited to develop restriction enzyme specific PCR-RFLP for detection and differentiation of SPPV and GTPV strains.The optimized PCR-RFLP was validated using a total of fourteen (n=14) cell culture isolates and twenty two (n=22) known clinical samples of CaPV.The Restriction Enzyme specific PCR-RFLP to differentiate both species will allow a rapid differential diagnosis during CaPV outbreaks particularly in mixed flocks of sheep and goats and could be an adjunct/supportive tool for complete gene or virus genome sequencing methods. | Gnanavel Venkatesan Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Revaniah Yogisharadhya Amit Kumar Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，6： | 10 |
| 3 | A Rapid and Sensitive One Step-SYBR Green Based Semi Quantitative Real Time RT-PCR for the Detection of peste des petits ruminants Virus in the Clinical Samples显示文摘敏感、快速的单个步实时(rt ) RT-PCR 用一步舞被标准化出众的格林·西布尔工具包吗?为 peste des petitis ruminants 病毒(PPRV ) 的察觉和 semi-quantitation 使用病毒 RNA 和矩阵(M) 蛋白质基因特定的教材并且与确定的常规 RT-PCR 和 TaqMan RT-PCR 相比。试金与 78.28 ~ 78.50 的 Tm 放大 PPRV M 基因的 124 bp 碎片。试金在到有 0.5 fg 的察觉限制(敏感) 的 0.5 fg 总数病毒 RNA 的 50 ng 的一个范围以内是线性的。基于现场稀释的 PPR 疫苗的病毒的连续冲淡,察觉限制是 0.0001 房间文化传染剂量 50% 单位(TCID50 ) 。另外,与疫苗的病毒的已知的 titre 刺的拖把材料同等地好在试金检测了。标准化 rt RT-PCR 容易在这块地和试验性的临床的样品里直接为 PPRV nucleic 酸的察觉被采用。试金从试验性的样品在拖把材料象 3 天柱子感染(dpi ) 和多达 20 dpi 一样早检测了 PPRV nucleic 酸。试金比在从 PPR 的 PPRV nucleic 酸的察觉的 TaqMan 和常规 RT-PCR 怀疑临床的样品绵羊和山羊的快速、更敏感。因此,确定的、简化 SYBR 绿 rt RT-PCR 是一种选择测试各种各样的诊断试金到已经存在并且能为有在减少污染的风险的优点的快速的临床的诊断有用。 | Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan Vinita Yadav Vandna Bhanot Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Raj Kumar Singh | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，1： | 10 |
| 4 | Antihyperglycemic effect of Hypericum perforatum ethyl acetate extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum perforatum(H.perforatum)in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity and oral glucose tolerance lest were performed in normal rats.Male albino rats were rendered diabetic by ST/(40 mg/kg,intraperitoneally).H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract was orally administered to diabetic rats at SO,100 and 200 mg/kg doses for 15 days to determine the antihyperglycemic activity.Biochemical parameters were determined at the end of the treatment.Results:H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract showed dose dependant fall in fasting blood glucose(FBG).After 30 min of extract administration,FBG was reduced significantly when compared with normal rats.H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract produced significant reduction in plasma glucose level,serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,glucose-6-phosphatase levels.Tissue glycogen content,HDL-cholesterol,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased compared with diabetic control.No death or lethal effect was observed in the toxic study.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract possesses potent antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. | Arokiyaraj S Balamurugan R Augustian P | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，5： | 9 |
| 5 | Effective and Efficient Feature Selection for Large-scale Data Using Bayes' Theorem显示文摘This paper proposes one method of feature selection by using Bayes theorem. The purpose of the proposed method is to reduce the computational complexity and increase the classification accuracy of the selected feature subsets. The dependence between two attributes (binary) is determined based on the probabilities of their joint values that contribute to positive and negative classification decisions. If opposing sets of attribute values do not lead to opposing classification decisions (zero probability), then the two attributes are considered independent of each other, otherwise dependent, and one of them can be removed and thus the number of attributes is reduced. The process must be repeated on all combinations of attributes. The paper also evaluates the approach by comparing it with existing feature selection algorithms over 8 datasets from University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning databases. The proposed method shows better results in terms of number of selected features, classi?cation accuracy, and running time than most existing algorithms. | Subramanian Appavu Alias Balamurugan Ramasamy Rajaram | 2009 | International Journal of Automation and computing2009，6，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Study on Passive Immunity:time of Vaccination in Kids Born to Goats Vaccinated Against Peste des petits ruminants显示文摘In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations. | Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Arnab Sen Gnanavel Venkatesan Kaushal Kishor Rajak Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Raj Kumar Singh | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Detection of Bluetongue Virus Group-specific Antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA显示文摘A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the bluetongue virus (BTV) group specific antigen (VP7) was characterized for its reactivity with purified virus and recombinant BTV VP7 (rVP7) protein and its suitability for use in the sandwich ELISA.The MAb,designated as 5B5 was specific to VP7 and belongs to IgG2a subclass and was selected for the development of the sELISA in this study.The MAb had a titer of 1:25 with BTV and 1:2 with the rVP7 protein.The sELISA is based on capturing of BTV antigen with VP7 specific MAb followed by detection using BTV polyclonal antiserum raised in rabbits.The assay was evaluated with six cell culture adapted serotypes of BTV that have been isolated from India,1,2,15,17,18 and 23.The assay could detect BTV antigen as early as day 8 in blood.It was also successfully applied for the detection of BTV group specific antigen in clinical samples of blood,washed RBCs,buffy coat and plasma.A total of 102 field samples from animals,suspected of being infected with BTV,were tested and 29.42% were positive.The blood samples were also amplified in cell culture which improved the sensitivity of the assay.Results confirmed that the sELISA is rapid and specific. | Pradeep Narayan Gandhale Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan Madhusudhan Hosamani Gnanavel Venkatesan Raj Kumar Singh | 2010 | Virologica Sinica2010，25，6： | 4 |
| 8 | Notch signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma:molecular targetingin an advanced disease显示文摘The use of alternative therapeutic approaches in advanced carcinogenesis is a growing investigative base.One such cancer,primary liver cancer,is one of the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide and often presents in late stage disease consequently preventing traditional curative modalities.As a result,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),representing the majority of primary liver cancer,is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally.Survival rates are linked to stage of presentation as well as concomitant cirrhosis limiting the 5-year survival in these patients to<20%.Alternative strategies are in dire need as patients in this cohort have limited palliative options.Currently,sorafenib is the only approved systemic therapy;however,it has a limited survival advantage and low effi cacy prompting the empirical need for further evaluation.Understanding of cancer therapy has led to an enhanced focus on the Notch pathway as a potential target for advanced HCC.Notch signaling is a critical component of development and cell fate and has been linked to various modalities including liver regeneration and as a key driver in carcinogenesis.In this review,we will provide a review of the current status of the Notch signaling in liver cancer and of Notch as an alternative potential strategy for advanced HCC. | Kevin M.Sokolowski Mariappan Balamurugan Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan T.Clark Gamblin Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan | 2015 | Hepatoma Research2015，1，1： | 3 |
| 9 | A Novel Feature Selection Framework for Automatic Web Page Classification显示文摘The number of Internet users and the number of web pages being added to WWW increase dramatically every day.It is therefore required to automatically and e?ciently classify web pages into web directories.This helps the search engines to provide users with relevant and quick retrieval results.As web pages are represented by thousands of features,feature selection helps the web page classifiers to resolve this large scale dimensionality problem.This paper proposes a new feature selection method using Ward s minimum variance measure.This measure is first used to identify clusters of redundant features in a web page.In each cluster,the best representative features are retained and the others are eliminated.Removing such redundant features helps in minimizing the resource utilization during classification.The proposed method of feature selection is compared with other common feature selection methods.Experiments done on a benchmark data set,namely WebKB show that the proposed method performs better than most of the other feature selection methods in terms of reducing the number of features and the classifier modeling time. | J.Alamelu Mangai V.Santhosh Kumar S.Appavu alias Balamurugan | 2012 | International Journal of Automation and computing2012，9，4： | 3 |
| 10 | An Unsupervised Feature Selection Algorithm with Feature Ranking for Maximizing Performance of the Classifiers显示文摘Prediction plays a vital role in decision making. Correct prediction leads to right decision making to save the life, energy,efforts, money and time. The right decision prevents physical and material losses and it is practiced in all the fields including medical,finance, environmental studies, engineering and emerging technologies. Prediction is carried out by a model called classifier. The predictive accuracy of the classifier highly depends on the training datasets utilized for training the classifier. The irrelevant and redundant features of the training dataset reduce the accuracy of the classifier. Hence, the irrelevant and redundant features must be removed from the training dataset through the process known as feature selection. This paper proposes a feature selection algorithm namely unsupervised learning with ranking based feature selection(FSULR). It removes redundant features by clustering and eliminates irrelevant features by statistical measures to select the most significant features from the training dataset. The performance of this proposed algorithm is compared with the other seven feature selection algorithms by well known classifiers namely naive Bayes(NB),instance based(IB1) and tree based J48. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields better prediction accuracy for classifiers. | Danasingh Asir Antony Gnana Singh Subramanian Appavu Alias Balamurugan Epiphany Jebamalar Leavline | 2015 | International Journal of Automation and computing2015，12，5： | 2 |
| 11 | Synthesis and Charactrisation of Sol - gel Derived Bioactive Glass for Biomedical Applications 显示文摘 | Balamurugan A Sockalingum G | 2006 | Materials Letters2006，，60： | 1 |
| 12 | Economically important non-oncogenic immunosupp-erssive viral diseases of chicken-current status显示文摘 | Balamurugan Kataria J M | 2006 | Vet Res Commun2006，30，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of gas-liquid ejectors显示文摘 | Balamurugan S Mayank D Lad Vilas G Gaikar | 2007 | Chemical Engineering Journal2007，137，： | 1 |
| 14 | The tumour suppressor C/EBPδ inhibits FBXW7 expression and promotes mammary tumour metastasis显示文摘 | Balamurugan K Wang JM Tsai HH | 2010 | EMBO J2010，29，24： | 1 |
| 15 | Synthesis and Characterisation of Sol Gel Derived Bioactive Glass for Biomedical Applications 显示文摘 | Balamurugan A Sockalingum G Michel J | 2006 | Materials Letters2006，60，2930： | 1 |
| 16 | Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: cellular and molecular aspects 显示文摘 | BALAMURUGAN K VAZIRI ND SAID HM | 2005 | Am J Physiol Renal Physiol2005，288，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Catalase activity and innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans against the heavy metal toxin lead显示文摘 | VIGNESHKUMAR B PANDIAN S K BALAMURUGAN K | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Synthesis and characterization of sol-gel derived biomedical applications显示文摘 | BALAMURUGAN A SOCKALINGUM G MICHEL J | 2006 | Mater Lett2006，60，2930： | 1 |
| 19 | Se- quenceanalysia of the nucleoprotein gene of Asian lineage peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus 显示文摘 | MUTHUCHELVAN D SANYAL A BALAMURUGAN V | 2006 | Vet Res Commun2006，30，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Cerebral fat embolism in a non-head-injured trauma victim:a diagnostic dilemma显示文摘 | Senthilkumaran S Balamurugan N Suresh P | 2012 | J Neurosci Rural Pract2012，10，3： | 1 |
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