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| 1 | A gist of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A review显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive tumor type, different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They constitute the majority of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors of the GIT and are known to be refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiation. They are defined and diagnosed by the expression of a proto-oncogene protein detected by immunohistochemistry which serves as a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic target. The identification of these mutations has resulted in a better understanding of their oncogenic mechanisms. The remarkable antitumor effects of the molecular inhibitor imatinib have necessitated accurate diagnosis of GIST and their distinction from other gastrointestinal mes-enchymal tumors. Both traditional and minimally invasive surgery are used to remove these tumors with minimal morbidity and excellent perioperative outcomes. The revolutionary use of specific, molecularlytargeted therapies, such as imatinib mesylate, reduces the frequency of disease recurrence when used as an adjuvant following complete resection. Neoadjuvant treatment with these agents appears to stabilize disease in the majority of patients and may reduce the extent of surgical resection required for subsequent complete tumor removal. The important interplay between the molecular genetics of GIST and responses to targeted therapeutics serves as a model for the study of targeted therapies in other solid tumors. This review summarizes our current knowledge and recent advances regarding the histogenesis, pathology, molecular biology, the basis for the novel targeted cancer therapy and current evidence based management of these unique tumors. | Ashwin Rammohan Jeswanth Sathyanesan Kamalakannan Rajendran Anbalagan Pitchaimuthu Senthil-Kumar Perumal UP Srinivasan Ravi Ramasamy Ravichandran Palaniappan Manoharan Govindan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，6： | 27 |
| 2 | Outcomes and complications of operative versus non-operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: a meta-analysis显示文摘在那里的背景是关于最好的选择的一致的缺乏因为尖锐跟腱 ruptureoperation 或这元分析的 non-operation.The 目的治疗是识别并且总结比较我们寻找了的尖锐跟腱 ruptures.Methods 的治疗的起作用、非起作用的线的使随机化的控制试用用英语的多重数据库(包括 EMBASE , PubMed ,和奥维德)并且在里面汉语(包括的 CNKI , WANFANG ,和贵宾),以及文章和妈的参考表然而,它与功能的结果是的另外的 complications.The 的更高的风险被联系在除了到在病人的工作的更早的回来的二个治疗方法类似治疗是的起作用的对待的 operatively.Thus 为有好物理 condition.Non 起作用的治疗的病人更好特别是一种可接受的选择为更旧并且有更低的冒险要求的病人。 | ZHAO Hong-mou YU Guang-rong YANG Yun-feng ZHOU Jia-qian Ashwin Aubeeluck | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，23： | 14 |
| 3 | Embolization of liver tumors:Past,present and future显示文摘Curative therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),such as resection and liver transplantation,can only be applied in selected patients with early tumors.More advanced stages require local or systemic therapies.Resection of HCC offers the only hope for cure.Even in patients undergoing resection,recurrences are common.Chemoembolization,a technique combining intraarterial chemotherapy with selective tumor ischemia,has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be efficacious in the palliative setting.There is now renewed interest in transarterial embolization/transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) with regards to its use as a palliative tool in a combined modality approach,as a neoadjuvant therapy,in bridging therapy before transplantation,for symptomatic indications,and even as an alternative to resection.There have also been rapid advances in the agents being embolized trans-arterially(genes,biological response modifiers,etc.).The current review provides an evidence-based overview of the past,present and future trends of TACE in patients with HCC. | Ashwin Rammohan Jeswanth Sathyanesan Sukumar Ramaswami Anand Lakshmanan Perumal Senthil-Kumar Ulagendra Perumal Srinivasan Ravi Ramasamy Palaniappan Ravichandran | 2012 | World Journal of Radiology2012，4，9： | 11 |
| 4 | Molecular targets in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘Alcohol related costs to health and society are high. One of the most serious complications of alcohol misuse to the individual is the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a clinical syndrome of jaundice and progressive inflammatory liver injury in patients with a history of recent heavy alcohol use. It has a poor outcome and few existing successful therapies. The use of glucocorticoids in patients with severe AH is still controversial and there remains a group of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant disease. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition improves there are opportunities to develop new targeted therapies with specific actions to control liver inflammation without having a detrimental effect on the immune system as a whole. In this article we review the molecular mechanisms of AH concentrating on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. We consider existing treatments including glucocorticoids, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and pentoxifylline and their limitations. Using our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis we discuss possible novel therapeutic approaches. New targets include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, chemokines and their receptors (for example IL-8, CXCL9 and CXCR3) and augmentation of anti-inflam- matory molecules such as IL-10 and IL-22. And there is also future potential to consider combination therapy to selectively modulate the immune response and gain control of disease. | Ashwin D Dhanda Richard WL Lee Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 9 |
| 5 | Retinal structural-vascular-functional relationship using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography -angiography in myopia显示文摘Background:To examine the retinal structure–vascular-function relationship using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in myopia.Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study comprising 86 eyes of 45 individuals with varying axial lengths and spherical equivalents and no posterior segment abnormalities.All eyes underwent optical coherence tomography with the Spectralis SD-OCT and OCTA with RTVue-XR Avanti;Optovue.Individual macular retinal layer thicknesses and flow areas and vessel densities were measured on OCT and OCTA,respectively.Linear correlations were made between the macular layer thicknesses,flow areas and vessel densities with axial length,spherical equivalent and visual acuity.Results:The participants’mean ages were 33.34±14.45 years,mean spherical equivalent refractions were−7.17±5.71 D and axial lengths were 25.95±2.41 mm.There were significant positive correlations of foveal angle(r=0.757,p=0.001),inner retinal(r=0.764,p=0.001)and outer plexiform layer(r=0.771,p=0.001)thickness on OCT and vessel densities in deep capillary plexus(r=0.313,p=0.003)on OCTA with axial length and negative correlations with spherical equivalents and visual acuity.Significant negative correlations of outer nuclear layer(r=−0.560,p=0.03)and photoreceptor outer segment layer thickness(r=−0.856,p<0.001)were noted on OCT with axial length and positive correlations with spherical equivalents and visual acuity.Conclusion:The lateral retinal stretching in myopia could possibly explain the correlation between retinal layer thickness,vascular density and visual acuity in these eyes.Further research is required to investigate this. | Ramesh Venkatesh Shivani Sinha Deepika Gangadharaiah Santosh G.K.Gadde Ashwin Mohan Rohit Shetty Naresh Kumar Yadav | 2019 | Eye and Vision2019，6，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease显示文摘Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic costs.Heavy alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease,which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths globally.Other than reducing alcohol consumption,there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver disease.Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.It plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease pathogenesis.Here,we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P4502E1 system producing reactive oxygen species,acetaldehyde and protein and DNA adducts.These trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis.Reactive oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic signaling.There is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic regulation.Increased global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory genes.This review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic regulation.Improved understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy. | Huey K Tan Euan Yates Kristen Lilly Ashwin D Dhanda | 2020 | World Journal of Hepatology2020，12，7： | 6 |
| 7 | Higher Predicted Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Crohn’s Disease显示文摘 | Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan Hamed Khalili Leslie M. Higuchi Ying Bao Joshua R. Korzenik Edward L. Giovannucci James M. Richter Charles S. Fuchs Andrew T. Chan | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，3： | 6 |
| 8 | CUSTOMER EQUITY: MAKING MARKETING STRATEGY FINANCIALLY ACCOUNTABLE显示文摘The article presents an overview of the literature on customer equity and how customer equity provides an opportunity for marketers to make marketing strategy financially accountable. Traditionally, Return on Investment (ROI) models have been used to evaluate the financial expenditures required by the strategies as well as the financial returns gained by them. However in addition to requiring lengthy longitudinal data, these models also have the disadvantage of not evaluating the effect of the strategies on a firm’s customer equity. The dominance of customer-centered thinking over product-centered thinking calls for a shift from product-based strategies to customer-based strategies. Hence, it is important to evaluate a firm’s marketing strategies in terms of the drivers of its customer equity. The article summarizes a unified strategic framework that enables competing marketing strategy options to be traded off on the basis of projected financial return, which is operationalized as the change in a firm’s customer equity relative to the incremental expenditure necessary to produce the change. | Ashwin ARAVINDAKSHAN Roland T. RUST Katherine N. LEMON Valerie A. ZEITHAML | 2004 | Systems Science and Systems Engineering2004，13，4： | 5 |
| 9 | Incidental gall bladder cancers:Are they truly incidental?显示文摘AIM: To seek and analyze features suggestive of gallbladder cancer(GBC) on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings in patients diagnosed as having incidental GBC(IGBC). METHODS: The study was conducted on 79 patients of IGBC managed in our department over a 10-year period(2003-2012). Review of preoperative imaging and operative notes was done to ascertain any suspicion of malignancy-in-retrospect.RESULTS: Of the 79 patients, Ultrasound abdomen showed diffuse thickening, not suspicious of malignancy in 5 patients, and diffuse suspicious thickening was seen in 4 patients. Focal thickening suspicious of malignancy was present in 24 patients. Preoperative computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging was done in 9 patients for suspicion of malignancy. In 5 patients, dif-ficult Cholecystectomy was encountered due to dense/inflammatory adhesions. Intraoperative findings showed focal thickening of the gallbladder and a gallbladder mass in 9 and 17 patients respectively. On overall analysis, 37 patients had preoperative imaging or intraoperative findings suggestive of malignancy, which was either a missed GBC or an unsuspected/unexpected GBC. In 42(53.2%) patients, there was no evidence suggestive of malignancy and was an unanticipated diagnosis.CONCLUSION: Our study highlights a potential and not-so-rare pitfall of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. A greater awareness of this clinical entity along with a high index of suspicion and a low threshold for conversion to open procedure, especially in endemic areas may avert avoidable patient morbidity and mortality. | Ashwin Rammohan Sathya D Cherukuri Jeswanth Sathyanesan Ravichandran Palaniappan Manoharan Govindan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，12： | 5 |
| 10 | Clinical-radiological-pathological correlation of cavernous sinus hemangioma: Incremental value of diffusion-weighted imaging显示文摘AIM To elucidate the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), pathological features of these lesions and asses the incremental value of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) in diagnosing them.METHODS Fifteen consecutive patients(11 females and 4 males; mean age 40.93 years; age range 13-63 years) with cavernous sinus hemangiomas(CSH) who underwent examination between November 2008 and May 2016 were included for the analysis. MRI, clinical and surgical findings of each patient was retrospectively reviewed. DWI were also analysed and mean-apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) value was calculated. Eleven patients underwent surgical removal of the lesion and 2 patients had biopsy only. Diagnosis of CSH was confirmed histologically in 13 patients.RESULTS Eleven patients(73%) presented with headaches and 10(66%) had cranial nerve involvement. Extra cavernous sinus extension was noted in 14(94%). Surgery was performed in 13(87%) and post-operative radiation was given to 4(28%) patients. Thirteen patients remained asymptomatic on follow up. Three conspicuous imaging features were highly suggestive of the diagnosis: Lack of diffusion restriction(100%), homogeneous hyperintensity on T2 weighted image sequences(93.3%) and intense post-contrast enhancement(100%). The mean ADC was 1.82 × 10-3 ± 0.2186 cm2/s.CONCLUSION T1-weighted hypointensity with homogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted sequences, intense enhancement and absence of hemosiderin within the lesion on GRE sequence favour the diagnosis. Facilitated diffusion on DWI differentiates CSH from other solid cavernous sinus lesions and significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy, a critical factor for planning surgery. | Abhishek Mahajan Vedula Rajni Kanth Rao Gudipati Anantaram Ashwin M Polnaya Sandeep Desai Paresh Desai Rammohan Vadapalli Manas Panigrahi | 2017 | World Journal of Radiology2017，9，8： | 4 |
| 11 | Is liver biopsy necessary in the management of alcoholic hepatitis?显示文摘Acute alcoholic hepatitis(AAH)is characterised by deep jaundice in patients with a history of heavy alcohol use,which can progress to liver failure.A clinical diagnosis of AAH can be challenging to make in patients without a clear alcohol history or in the presence of risk factors for other causes of acute liver failure.Other causes of acute on chronic liver failure such as sepsis or variceal haemorrhage should be considered.Liver biopsy remains the only reliable method to make an accurate diagnosis.However,there is controversy surrounding the use of liver biopsy in patients with AAH because of the risks of performing a percutaneous biopsy and limitations in access to transjugular biopsy.We review the existing literature and find there are few studies directly comparing clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH.In the small number of studies that have been conducted the correlation between a clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH is poor.Due to this lack of agreement together with difficulties in accessing transjugular liver biopsy outside tertiary referral centres and research institutions,we cannot advocate universal biopsy for AAH but there remains a definite role for liver biopsy where there is clinical diagnostic doubt or dual pathology.Italso adds value in a clinical trial context to ensure a homogeneous trial population and to further our understanding of the disease pathology.Further prospective studies are required to determine whether non-invasive markers can be used to accurately diagnose AAH. | Ashwin D Dhanda Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 4 |
| 12 | L -diversity显示文摘 | Ashwin Machanavajjhala Daniel Kifer Johannes Gehrke Muthuramakrishnan Venkitasubramaniam | 2007 | ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD)2007，，1： | 4 |
| 13 | A microscale optical implant for continuous in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure显示文摘Intraocular pressure(IOP)is a key clinical parameter in glaucoma management.However,despite the potential utility of daily measurements of IOP in the context of disease management,the necessary tools are currently lacking,and IOP is typically measured only a few times a year.Here we report on a microscale implantable sensor that could provide convenient,accurate,ondemand IOP monitoring in the home environment.When excited by broadband near-infrared(NIR)light from a tungsten bulb,the sensor’s optical cavity reflects a pressure-dependent resonance signature that can be converted to IOP.NIR light is minimally absorbed by tissue and is not perceived visually.The sensor’s nanodot-enhanced cavity allows for a 3–5 cm readout distance with an average accuracy of 0.29 mm Hg over the range of 0–40 mm Hg.Sensors were mounted onto intraocular lenses or silicone haptics and secured inside the anterior chamber in New Zealand white rabbits.Implanted sensors provided continuous in vivo tracking of short-term transient IOP elevations and provided continuous measurements of IOP for up to 4.5 months. | Jeong Oen Lee Haeri Park Juan Du Ashwin Balakrishna Oliver Chen David Sretavan Hyuck Choo | 2017 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2017，3，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Pathological,molecular,and clinical characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma:A comprehensive review显示文摘Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive cancers that may arise anywhere within the biliary tree.There is a wide geographical variation with regards to its incidence,and risk-factor associations which may include liver fluke infection,primary sclerosing cholangitis,and hepatolithiasis amongst others.These tumours are classified into intrahepatic,perihilar and distal based on their anatomical location.Morphologically,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further sub-classified into small and large duct variants.Perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinomas are usually mucin-producing tubular adenocarcinomas.Cholangiocarcinomas develop through a multistep carcinogenesis and are preceded by dysplastic and in situ lesions.While clinical characteristics and management of these tumours have been extensively elucidated in literature,their ultra-structure and tumour biology remain relatively unknown.This review focuses on the current knowledge of pathological characteristics,molecular alterations of cholangiocarcinoma,and its precursor lesions(including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct,intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasm). | Mukul Vij Yogesh Puri Ashwin Rammohan Gowripriya G Rajesh Rajalingam Ilankumaran Kaliamoorthy Mohamed Rela | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2022，14，3： | 4 |
| 15 | A Prospective Study of Long-term Intake of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis显示文摘 | Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan Hamed Khalili Gauree G. Konijeti Leslie M. Higuchi Punyanganie de Silva Joshua R. Korzenik Charles S. Fuchs Walter C. Willett James M. Richter Andrew T. Chan | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，： | 3 |
| 16 | Evaluation of a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test (dRIT) for Rapid Diagnosis of Rabies in Animals and Humans显示文摘Presently the gold standard diagnostic technique for rabies is the direct immunofluorescence assay ( dFA) which is very expensive and requires a high level of expertise. There is a need for more economical and user friendly tests, particularly for use in developing countries. We have established one such test called the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) for diagnosis of rabies using brain tissue. The test is based on capture of rabies nucleoprotein (N) antigen in brain smears using a cocktail of biotinylated monoclonal antibodies specific for the N protein and color development by streptavidin peroxidase-amino ethyl carbazole and counter staining with haematoxollin. The test was done in parallel with standard FAT dFA using 400 brain samples from different animals and humans. The rabies virus N protein appears under light microscope as reddish brown particles against a light blue background. There was 100 % correlation between the results obtained by the two tests. Also, interpretation of results by dRIT was easier and only required a light microscope. To conclude, this newly developed dRIT technique promises to be a simple, cost effective diagnostic tool for rabies and will have applicability in field conditions prevalent in developing countries. | Shampur Narayan Madhusudana Sundaramurthy Subha Ullas Thankappan Yajaman Belludi Ashwin | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，5： | 3 |
| 17 | Sleep Disturbance and Risk of Active Disease in Patients With Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis显示文摘 | Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan Millie D. Long Christopher F. Martin Robert S. Sandler Michael D. Kappelman | 2013 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2013，，： | 3 |
| 18 | Effect of environmental dynamism on relational governance in manufacturer-supplier relationships: A contingency framework and an empirical test显示文摘 | Ashwin W. Joshi Alexandra J. Campbell | 2003 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science2003，，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Implications of the presence of an aberrant right hepatic artery in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy显示文摘AIM:To analyze the differences in outcomes and the clinical impact following pancreatoduodenectomy(PD)in patients with and without aberrant right hepatic artery(aRHA).METHODS:All patients undergoing PD between January 2008 and December 2012 were divided into two groups,one with aRHA and the other without.These groups were compared to identify differences in the intraoperative variables,the oncological clearance and the postoperative morbidity,mortality and hospital stay.RESULTS:A total of 225 patients underwent PD,of which 43(19.1%)patients were found to have eitheraccessory or replaced right hepatic arteries(aRHA group).The aRHA was preserved in 79%of the patients.There was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss but operative time was prolonged,reflecting the complexity of the procedure[420±44(240-540)min vs 480±45(300-600)min,P<0.05)].There were no differences in the incidence of postoperative complications(pancreatic leak,pancreatic fistula,delayed gastric emptying and mortality)and hospital stay.Oncological clearance in the form of positive resection margins[13(7.1%)vs 3(6.9%)]and lymph node yield were also similar in the two groups.CONCLUSION:An aRHA is found in approximately one fifth of patients undergoing PD.Preservation is technically possible in most patients and can increase the operative complexity but does not negatively affect the safety or oncological outcomes of the procedure. | Ashwin Rammohan Ravichandran Palaniappan Anbalagan Pitchaimuthu Kamalakannan Rajendran Senthil Kumar Perumal Kesavan Balaraman Ravi Ramasamy Jeswanth Sathyanesan Manoharan Govindan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Oncogenic fingerprint of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway and emerging epidermal growth factor receptor blockade resistance in colorectal cancer显示文摘Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) has been an attractive target for treatment of epithelial cancers, including colorectal cancer(CRC). Evidence from clinical trials indicates that cetuximab and panitumumab(antiEGFR monoclonal antibodies) have clinical activity in patients with metastatic CRC. The discovery of intrinsic EGFR blockade resistance in Kirsten RAS(KRAS)-mutant patients led to the restriction of anti-EGFR antibodies to KRAS wild-type patients by Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency. Studies have since focused on the evaluation of biomarkers to identify appropriate patient populations that may benefit from EGFR blockade. Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with mutations in EGFR downstream signaling pathways including KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN could be intrinsically resistant to EGFR blockade. Recent whole genome studies also suggest that dynamic alterations in signaling pathways downstream of EGFR leads to distinct oncogenic signatures and subclones which might have some impact on emerging resistance in KRAS wild-type patients. While anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies have a clear potential in the management of a subset of patients with metastatic CRC, further studies are warranted to uncover exact mechanisms related to acquired resistance to EGFR blockade. | Zain A Sobani Ashwin Sawant Mikram Jafri Amit Keith Correa Ibrahim Halil Sahin | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2016，7，5： | 3 |
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