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| 1 | Guide for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is ranked as the 5th common type of cancer worldwide and is considered as the 3rd common reason for cancer-related deaths. HCC often occurs on top of a cirrhotic liver. The prognosisis determined by several factors; tumour extension, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) concentration, histologic subtype of the tumour, degree of liver dysfunction, and the patient's performance status. HCC prognosis is strongly correlated with diagnostic delay. To date, no ideal screening modality has been developed. Analysis of recent studies showed that AFP assessment lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity for effective surveillance and diagnosis. Many tumour markers have been tested in clinical trials without progressing to routine use in clinical practice. Thus, surveillance is still based on ultrasound(US) examination every 6 mo. Imaging studies for diagnosis of HCC can fall into one of two main categories: routine non-invasive studies such as US, computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, and more specialized invasive techniques including CT during hepatic arteriography and CT arterial portography in addition to the conventional hepatic angiography. This article provides an overview and spotlight on the different diagnostic modalities and treatment options of HCC. | Magdy Hamed Attwa Shahira Aly El-Etreby | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，12： | 47 |
| 2 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus:From a metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.Insulin resistance intarget tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features of type 2 diabetes(T2D).Chronic low-grade inflammation in T2 D has given an impetus to the field of immuno-metabolism linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.Many factors advocate a causal link between metabolic stress and inflammation.Numerous cellular factors trigger inflammatory signalling cascades,and as a result T2 D is at the moment considered an inflammatory disorder triggered by disordered metabolism.Cellular mechanisms like activation of Tolllike receptors,Endoplasmic Reticulum stress,and inflammasome activation are related to the nutrient excess linking pathogenesis and progression of T2 D with inflammation.This paper aims to systematically review the metabolic profile and role of various inflammatory pathways in T2 D by capturing relevant evidence from various sources.The perspectives include suggestions for the development of therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to homeostasis that would favour insulin sensitivity and survival of pancreatic β-cells in T2 D. | Iqra Hameed Shariq R Masoodi Shahnaz A Mir Mudasar Nabi Khalid Ghazanfar Bashir A Ganai | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，4： | 36 |
| 3 | Recent developments and trends in thermal blanching-A comprehensive review显示文摘Thermal blanching is an essential operation for many fruits and vegetables processing.It not only contributes to the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase(PPO),peroxidase(POD),but also affects other quality attributes of products.Herein we review the current status of thermal blanching.Firstly,the purposes of blanching,which include inactivating enzymes,enhancing drying rate and product quality,removing pesticide residues and toxic constituents,expelling air in plant tissues,decreasing microbial load,are examined.Then,the reason to why indicators such as POD and PPO,ascorbic acid,color,and texture are frequently used to evaluate blanching process is summarized.After that,the principles,applications and limitations of current thermal blanching methods,which include conventional hot water blanching,steam blanching,microwave blanching,ohmic blanching,and infrared blanching are outlined.Finally,future trends are identified and discussed. | Hong-Wei Xiao Zhongli Pan Li-Zhen Deng Hamed M.El-Mashad Xu-Hai Yang Arun S.Mujumdar Zhen-Jiang Gao Qian Zhang | 2017 | Information Processing in Agriculture2017，4，2： | 23 |
| 4 | Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of liver: Principles, clinical applications and recent updates显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), a functional imaging technique exploiting the Brownian motion of water molecules, is increasingly shown to have value in various oncological and non-oncological applications. Factors such as the ease of acquisition and ability to obtain functional information in the absence of intravenous contrast, especially in patients with abnormal renal function, have contributed to the growing interest in exploring clinical applications of DWI. In the liver, DWI demonstrates a gamut of clinical applications ranging from detecting focal liver lesions to monitoring response in patients undergoing serial follow-up after loco-regional and systemic therapies. DWI is also being applied in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we intend to review the basic principles, technique, current clinical applications and future trends of DW-MRI in the liver. | Anuradha Shenoy-Bhangle Vinit Baliyan Hamed Kordbacheh Alexander R Guimaraes Avinash Kambadakone | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，26： | 21 |
| 5 | Diagnostic dilemma of abdominal tuberculosis in non-HIV patients:An ongoing challenge for physicians显示文摘AIM: To assess the clinical features, yield of the diagnostic tests and outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in non-HIV patients. METHODS: Adult patients with discharge diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (based upon; positive microbiology, histo-pathology, imaging or response to trial of anti TB drugs) during the period 1999 to 2004 were analyzed. Patient’s characteristics, laboratory investigations, radiological, endoscopic and surgical findings were evaluated. Abdominal site involved (intestinal, peritoneal, visceral, and nodal) and response to treatment was also noted. RESULTS: There were 209 patients enrolled. One hundred and twenty-three (59%) were females. Symptoms were abdominal pain 194 (93%), fever 134 (64%), night sweats 99 (48%), weight loss 98 (47%), vomiting 75 (36%), ascites 74 (35%), constipation 64 (31%), and diarrhea 25 (12%). Sub-acute and acute intestinal obstruction was seen in 28 (13%) and 12 (11%) respectively. Radiological evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 134 (64%) patients. Basis of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis were radiology (Chest and barium X-Rays, Ultrasound and CT scan abdomen) in 111 (53%) and histo-pathology (tissue obtained during surgery, colonoscopy, CT or ultrasound guided biopsy, laparoscopy and upper gastro intestinal endoscopy) in 87 (42%) patients. Mycobacterium culture was positive in 6/87 (7%) patients and response to therapeutic trial of anti tubercular drugs was the basis of diagnosis in 5 (2.3%) patients. Predominant site of involvement by abdominal TB was intestinal in 103 (49%) patients, peritoneal in 87 (42%) patients, solid viscera in 10 (5%) and nodal in 9 (4%) patients. Response to medical treatment was found in 158 (76%) patients andadditionally 35 (17%) patients also underwent surgery. In a 425 ± 120 d follow-up period 12 patients died (eight post operative) and no case of relapse was noted. CONCLUSION: Abdominal TB has diverse and non- specific symptomatology. No single test is adequate for diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in all patients. Abdominal TB in non-HIV patients remains an ongoing diagnostic dilemma requiring a high index of clinical suspicion. | Rustam Khan Shahab Abid Wasim Jafri Zaigham Abbas Khalid Hameed Zubair Ahmad | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，39： | 17 |
| 6 | 基于物理的2024和7075铝合金简化热变形本构方程(英文)显示文摘通过基于物理方法的本构方程研究2024和7075铝合金的热变形行为。研究温度对铝弹性模量和自扩散系数的影响。研究结果表明,为描述峰值流变应力,铝的晶格自扩散激活能(142 kJ/mol)可作为Zener-Hollomon参数方程的变形激活能,而改进双曲正弦函数中的理论指数可设为5。考虑基于物理的材料参数,可以对2024和7075铝合金的热流变应力进行对比研究。所采用的方法是一个通用工具,可用于热加工的对比研究和合金开发。 | Hamed MIRZADEH | 2015 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2015，25，5： | 17 |
| 7 | Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori : A recent literature review显示文摘AIM: To review previous studies(the last 6 years) about the Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) antibiotic resistance in order to evaluate the trend in antibiotic resistance. METHODS: In this study, the Pub Med, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scielo manuscripts were reviewed from 2009 to 2014. RESULTS: On the whole rates of H. pylori antibiotic resistance were 47.22%(30.5%-75.02%) for metronidazole, 19.74%(5.46%-30.8%) for clarithromycin, 18.94%(14.19%-25.28%) for levofloxacin, and 14.67%(2%-40.87%) for amoxicillin, 11.70%(0%-50%) for tetracycline, 11.5%(0%-23%) for furazolidon and 6.75%(1%-12.45%) for rifabutin. The frequency of tetracycline, metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance was higher in Africa, while clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance was higher in North America and Asian, respectively. CONCLUSION: The most sensitive drug is rifabutin and the lowest sensitive drug is metronidazole in the world. The worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin has increased during the last 6 years. The present systematic review show alarming results and a novel plan is needed for eradication therapy of H. pylori infections. | Reza Ghotaslou Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo Yalda Mohammadzadeh Asl | 2015 | World Journal of Methodology2015，5，3： | 15 |
| 8 | Drug resistance mechanisms and novel drug targets for tuberculosis therapy显示文摘Drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB) poses a significant challenge to the successful treatment and control of TB worldwide.Resistance to anti-TB drugs has existed since the beginning of the chemotherapy era.New insights into the resistant mechanisms of anti-TB drugs have been provided.Better understanding of drug resistance mechanisms helps in the development of new tools for the rapid diagnosis of drugresistant TB.There is also a pressing need in the development of new drugs with novel targets to improve the current treatment of TB and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.This review summarizes the anti-TB drug resistance mechanisms,furnishes some possible novel drug targets in the development of new agents for TB therapy and discusses the usefulness using known targets to develop new anti-TB drugs.Whole genome sequencing is currently an advanced technology to uncover drug resistance mechanisms in M.tuberculosis.However,further research is required to unravel the significance of some newly discovered gene mutations in their contribution to drug resistance. | Md Mahmudul Islam H.M. Adnan Hameed Julius Mugweru Chiranjibi Chhotaray Changwei Wang Yaoju Tan Jianxiong Liu Xinjie Li Shouyong Tan Iwao Ojima Wing Wai Yew Eric Nuermberger Gyanu Lamichhane Tianyu Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2017，44，1： | 15 |
| 9 | 卷积神经网络的PM2.5预报模型显示文摘针对目前基于机器学习的PM2.5预报模型无法充分利用研究区域内其他相关站点的数据问题,该文提出了一种区域时空点数据的表示方法,并在此基础上提出了基于卷积神经网络的PM2.5预报模型。该模型利用了区域内多站点的历史PM2.5实测数据以及相应的气象预报数据,对区域内任一站点PM2.5浓度进行预报。实验结果显示,该模型在京津冀区域内能对未来至少3d内的PM2.5浓度进行较高精度的预报。与基于单站点的前馈神经网络预报结果对比表明,对区域整体污染及气象状况建模的卷积神经网络模型预报精度更高。该模型对区域内所有站点的预测结果与地面实测值的分布基本一致,表明了该模型具有对区域内PM2.5浓度进行时空预报的能力。 | 吴春霖 李琦 侯俊雄 KARIMIAN Hamed 陈工 | 2018 | 测绘科学2018，43，8： | 15 |
| 10 | Numerical Simulation of Direct-contact Condensation from a Supersonic Steam Jet in Subcooled Water显示文摘直接接触的冷凝作用的现象,在驾驶的蒸气使用喷气注射者,核反应堆紧急情况核心冷却系统和直接接触的热 exchangers,被在使过冷的水里为蒸气的直接接触的冷凝作用介绍一个热平衡模型计算地调查。介绍的冷凝作用模型是在接口的双方上照顾热转移过程并且使用一条可变蒸气水泡直径的二个抵抗模型。在使过冷的水坦克的超声的蒸气喷气的注射用 Euler-Euler 多相的流动模型被模仿流畅与冷凝作用模型一起的 6.3 代码合并了。模拟与出版试验性的数据和相当好的同意相比的计算液体动力学(CFD ) 的调查结果被观察在之间二,因此验证冷凝作用模型。为羽毛从 2.73-7.33 改变的蒸气的无尺寸的穿入长度的 CFD 模拟的结果,当冷凝作用热转移系数从 0.75-0.917 MW 汯敹桴牥?晬湯 ? 变化时 ???? 琠楲敭潳汹?? | Ajmal Shah Imran Rafiq Chughtai Mansoor Hameed Inayat | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2010，18，4： | 13 |
| 11 | Diagnosis and management of choledochal cyst: 20 years of single center experience显示文摘We report the first case series from Africa and the Middle East on choledochal cyst,a disease which shows significant geographical distribution with high incidence in the Asian population.In this study,the epidemiological data of the patients are presented and analyzed.Attention was paid to diagnostic imaging and its accuracy in the diagnosis and classification of choledochal cyst.Most cases of choledochal cyst disease have type?ⅠandⅣ-A cysts according to the Todani classification system,which support the etiological theories of choledochal cyst,especially Babbitt’s theory of the anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction,which are clearly stated.The difficulties and hazards of surgical management and methods used to avoid operative complications are clarified.Early and late postoperative complications are also included.This study should be followed by multicenter studies throughout Egypt to help assess the incidence of choledochal cysts in one of the largest populations in Africa and the Middle East. | Nabil Gadelhak Ahmed Shehta Hosam Hamed | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 13 |
| 12 | 批式与两相高温厌氧消化厨余和杂草废弃物对比研究显示文摘以厨余和杂草废弃物混合物为发酵底物进行了批式和两相厌氧发酵试验。经过25 d的批式厌氧消化后,污染负荷(以挥发固体(VS)质量浓度计)为6.5、12.5、16.0和20.0 g/L的沼气产率分别为1 012、863、879和467mL/g,甲烷产率分别为595、442、440和316 mL/g,其中接种污泥对沼气产率和甲烷产率的贡献分别是304和170mL/g。试验结果表明:污染负荷为6.5 g/L时达到最大产气效率,80%的气体在反应的前8 d产生;污染负荷为12.5和16.0 g/L的产气率在统计学上无显著差别;污染负荷在20.0 g/L时出现产甲烷抑制,甲烷体积分数在反应的前2 d为20%左右。两相发酵试验采用厌氧固体床反应系统,包括4个1 L的固体床反应器和1个2.2 L的厌氧批式反应器。经过12 d的消化,沼气和甲烷产率分别为530和351 mL/g,系统总固体(TS)和VS去除率分别为78%和82%。与批式消化比较,该两相系统污染负荷高,产气稳定,周期短,是处理该类型有机废弃物的有效方法。 | 刘广青 张瑞红 Hamed M.El-Mashad Will Withrow 董仁杰 | 2006 | 中国农业大学学报2006，11，6： | 12 |
| 13 | Prevalence of gastric varices and results of sclerotherapy with N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate for controlling acute gastric variceal bleeding显示文摘AIM: To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate (NBC) sclerotherapy of gastric varix (GV). METHODS: We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypertension, who underwent endoscopy during the past five years for variceal screening or upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Fifty patients with bleeding GV underwent sclerotherapy with a mean of 2 mL NBC for control of bleeding. Outcome parameters were primary hemostasis (bleeding control within the first 48 h), recurrent bleeding (after 48 h of esophago- gastro-duodenoscopy) and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of GV in patients with portal hypertension was 15% (220/1436) and the incidence of bleeding was 22.7% (50/220). Out of the 50 bleeding GV patients, isolated gastric varices (IGV-I) were seen in 22 (44%), gastro-oesophageal varices (GOV) on lesser curvature (GOV-Ⅰ) in 16 (32%), and GOV on greater curvature (GOV-Ⅱ) in 15 (30%). IGV-Ⅰ was seen in 44% (22/50) patients who had bleeding as compared to 23% (39/170) who did not have bleeding (P < 0.003). Primary hemostasis was achieved with NBC in all patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 7 (14%) patients after 48 h of initial sclerotherapy. Secondary hemostasis was achieved with repeat NBC sclerotherapy in 4/7 (57%). Three patients died after repeat sclerotherapy, one during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stem shunt (TIPSS), one during surgery and one due to uncontrolled bleeding. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 6% (3/50). CONCLUSION: GV can be seen in 15% of patients withportal hypertension and the incidence of bleeding is 22.7%. NBC is highly effective in controlling GV bleeding. In hospital mortality of patients with bleeding GV is 6%. | Khalid Mumtaz Shahid Majid Hasnain A Shah Kashif Hameed Ashfaq Ahmed Saeed Hamid Wasim Jafri | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，8： | 12 |
| 14 | NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER TWO CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN TANDEM ARRANGEMENT显示文摘In this article,the 2-D unsteady viscous flow around two circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement is numerically simulated in order to study the characteristics of the flow in both laminar and turbulent regimes.The method applied alternatively is based on the finite volume method on a Cartesian-staggered grid.The great source term technique is employed to identify the cylinders placed in the flow field.To apply the boundary conditions,the ghost-cell technique is used.The implemented computational method is firstly validated through simulation of laminar and turbulent flows around a fixed circular cylinder.Finally,the flow around two circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement is simulated and analyzed.The flow visualization parameters,the Strouhal numbers,and drag and lift coefficients are comprehensively presented and compared for different cases in order to reveal the effect of the Reynolds number and gap spacing on the behavior of the flow.The obtained results have shown two completely distinct flow characteristics in laminar and turbulent regimes. | DEHKORDI Behzad Ghadiri MOGHADDAM Hesam Sarvghad JAFARI Hamed Houri | 2011 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2011，23，1： | 11 |
| 15 | Laparoscopic pancreatectomy: Indications and outcomes显示文摘The application of minimally invasive approaches to pancreatic resection for benign and malignant diseases has been growing in the last two decades. Studies have demonstrated that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy(LDP) is feasible and safe, and many of them show that compared to open distal pancreatectomy, LDP has decreased blood loss and length of hospital stay, and equivalent post-operative complication rates and shortterm oncologic outcomes. LDP is becoming the procedure of choice for benign or small low-grade malignant lesions in the distal pancreas. Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy(MIPD) has not yet been widely adopted. There is no clear evidence in favor of MIPD over open pancreaticoduodenectomy in operative time, blood loss, length of stay or rate of complications. Robotic surgery has recently been applied to pancreatectomy, and many of the advantages of laparoscopy over open surgery have been observed in robotic surgery. Laparoscopic enucleation is considered safe for patients with small, benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas that is amenable to parenchyma-preserving procedure. As surgeons' experience with advanced laparoscopic and robotic skills has been growing around the world, new innovations and breakthrough in minimally invasive pancreatic procedures will evolve. | Shuyin Liang Usmaan Hameed Shiva Jayaraman | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 11 |
| 16 | Clinicopathological features and the outcome of surgical management for adenocarcinoma of the appendix显示文摘AIM:To present a comprehensive analysis of incidence,clinicopathological features,appropriateness of surgical procedures,and survival for adenocarcinoma of the appendix.METHODS:A retrospective case analysis was conducted for the 10-year period 1998-2008.All patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the appendix were analyzed for their demographics details,clinical features,tumor incidence and characteristics,tumor stage,surgical procedures performed,and their survival.RESULTS:Nine thousand three hundred and twentythree patients underwent appendectomies during the study period,and of these,10 (0.1%:8 men and 2 women with a mean age of 53.1 years,age range 21-83 years) were found to have primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix.Appendicular neoplasia was not suspected pre-operatively in any of the patients.Six (60%) patients underwent secondary right hemicolectomy.Four (40%) cases had appendectomy alone,and two of them died,whereas all those who underwent right hemicolectomy are alive and disease free.Five (50%) were reported to have grade 1 disease,three (30%) grade 2,and two (20%) grade 3 with mean survival of 34,48,and 22 mo,respectively.Six (60%) patients presented with advanced disease (Duke's C and D).At the end of follow up (mean period:37.9 mo),eight patients are alive and disease free at the end of follow up.Overall mean survival was 36.3 mo (conf idence interval;16%-56%) with 41.3 and 16 mo for men and women,respectively.Mean survival for those with and without lymph node involvement was 33.6 and 40.2 mo,respectively.Right hemicolectomy gave better results than appendectomy alone,although the difference was not statistically signif icant due to the small number of cases.CONCLUSION:Adenocarcinoma of the appendix is extremely rare neoplasm with varied presentations,and is usually advanced when diagnosed.Right hemicolectomy is the treatment of choice for such tumors. | Salman Yousuf Guraya Hamdi Hameed Almaramhy | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2011，3，1： | 10 |
| 17 | Antioxidant therapy in the management of acute,chronic and post-ERCP pancreatitis:A systematic review显示文摘We systematically reviewed the clinical trials which recruited antioxidants in the therapy of pancreatitis and evaluated whether antioxidants improve the outcome of patients with pancreatitis.Electronic bibliographic databases were searched for any studies which investigated the use of antioxidants in the management of acute pancreatitis(AP)or chronic pancreatitis(CP)and in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(post-ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP)up to February 2009.Twenty-two randomized,placebo-controlled,clinical trials met our criteria and were included in the review.Except for a cocktail of antioxidants which showed improvement in outcomes in three different clinical trials,the results of the administration of other antioxidants in both AP and CP clinical trials were incongruent and heterogeneous.Furthermore,antioxidant therapy including allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine failed to prevent the onset of PEP in almost all trials.In conclusion,the present data do not support a benefit of antioxidant therapy alone or in combination with conventional therapy in the management of AP,CP or PEP.Further double blind,randomized,placebo-controlled clinical trials with large sample size need to be conducted. | Seyed Sajad Mohseni Salehi Monfared Hamed Vahidi Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari Shekoufeh Nikfar Mohammad Abdollahi | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，36： | 10 |
| 18 | Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity显示文摘AIM To detect risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis(PEP) and investigate the predictors of its severity.METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent ERCP.Pre-ERCP data,intraoperative data,and post-ERCP data were collected.RESULTS The study population consisted of 996 patients.Their mean age at presentation was 58.42(± 14.72) years,and there were 454 male and 442 female patients.Overall,PEP occurred in 102(10.2%) patients of the study population; eighty(78.4%) cases were of mild to moderate degree,while severe pancreatitis occurred in 22(21.6%) patients.No hospital mortality was reported for any of PEP patients during the study duration.Age less than 35 years(P = 0.001,OR = 0.035),narrower common bile duct(CBD) diameter(P = 0.0001) and increased number of pancreatic cannulations(P = 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.CONCLUSION PEP is the most frequent and devastating complication after ERCP.Age less than 35 years,narrower median CBD diameter and increased number of pancreaticcannulations are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.Patients with these risk factors are candidates for prophylactic and preventive measures against PEP. | Ayman El Nakeeb Ehab El Hanafy Tarek Salah Ehab Atef Hosam Hamed Ahmad M Sultan Emad Hamdy Mohamed Said Ahmed A El Geidie Tharwat Kandil Mohamed El Shobari Gamal El Ebidy | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，19： | 10 |
| 19 | Telbivudine vs tenofovir in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients: OPTIMA roadmap study显示文摘AIM To make efficacy and safety comparison of telbivudineraodmap and tenofovir-roadmap in hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients.METHODS This was the first prospective, randomised, two-arm, open-label, non-inferiority study in HBe Ag-negative CHB patients that compared telbivudine and tenofovir administered as per roadmap concept. Patients were treated up to 24 wk and, depending on virologic response, continued the same therapy or received addon therapy up to 104 wk. Eligible patients received an additional 52 wk of treatment in the extension period(i.e., up to 156 wk). Patients who developed virologic breakthrough(VB) while on monotherapy also received add-on therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the rate of patients achieving hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA < 300 copies/m L at week 52. Secondary efficacy endpoints included the rates of HBV DNA < 300 and < 169 copies/m L, HBV DNA change from baseline, alanine aminotransferase normalisation, hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) loss, HBs Ag seroconversion, VB, and emergence of resistance at various timepoints throughout the study. Safety and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR) were also analysed.RESULTS A total of 241 patients were randomised. Non-inferiority of telbivudine arm to tenofovir arm was demonstrated at week 52(± 7 d window), with over 91% of patients in each treatment arm achieving HBV DNA level < 300 copies/m L. Both arms were similar in terms of key secondary efficacy variables at weeks 104 and 156. The percentage of patients achieving HBV DNA < 300 copies/m L remained high and was similar in the telbivudine and tenofovir arms at both weeks 104 and 156. Over 82% of patients in both arms achieved alanine aminotransferase normalisation at week 52, and this percentage remained high at weeks 104 and 156. Telbivudine treatment progressively reduced serum HBs Ag levels from baseline while no change was reported in quantitative HBs Ag during therapy with tenofovir. Both treaments showed acceptable safety profiles. The telbivudine arm showed e GFR improvement unlike the tenofovir arm.CONCLUSION Efficacy was shown for both telbivudine-roadmap and tenofovir-roadmap regimens in HBe Ag-negative CHB patients over 156 wk. Telbivudine arm was associated with renal improvement. | Zahari Krastev Diana Petrova Iskren Kotzev Mustafa Kemal Celen Meryl Mendelson Richa Chandra Priti Pandey Kamal Hamed | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，32： | 9 |
| 20 | Experimental investigation of a cook-off temperature in a hot barrel显示文摘The experimental investigations of the effect of contact time/temperature on initiating the cook-off using 7.62 mm calibre cartridge cases(CC) were conducted previously.These cartridges were hlled with commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) double based(DB) propellant(Bulls Eye)and were loaded in a hot chamber.The thermal explosion temperature is of great significance to both weapon designers and safety inspectors as it provides the operational limit and safe operating temperature.For CC under test,it was found that the cook-off temperatures of this propellant were encountered with the heat transfer profile of the simulated gun barrel between 151.4 ℃ and 153.4 ℃,with a reaction occurring in less than300 s after the round was chambered.Usefully,each experiment was found to be consistent and repeatable. | Amer HAMEED Mathew AZAVEDO Philip PITCHER | 2014 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2014，10，2： | 9 |
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