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| 1 | Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling显示文摘It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary transformations.This rule dictates,for example,that the entanglement of internal degrees of freedom of a photon remains invariant during free-space propagation.Here,we outline a scenario in which this paradigm does not hold.Using local Bell states engineered from classical vector vortex beams with non-separable degrees of freedom,the so-called classically entangled states,we demonstrate that the entanglement evolves during propagation,oscillating between maximally entangled(purely vector)and product states(purely scalar).We outline the spin–orbit interaction behind these novel propagation dynamics and confirm the results experimentally,demonstrating spin–orbit coupling in paraxial beams.This demonstration highlights a hitherto unnoticed property of classical entanglement and simultaneously offers a device for the on-demand delivery of vector states to targets,for example,for dynamic laser materials processing,switchable resolution within stimulated emission depletion(STED)systems,and a tractor beam for entanglement. | Eileen Otte Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán Bienvenu Ndagano Cornelia Denz Andrew Forbes | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Nonlinear optics with structured light显示文摘The interest in tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction,driven by the tremendous developments in the toolkit for the creation,control and detection of what is now called structured light.Because the complexity of these optical fields is generally understood in terms of interference,the tools have historically been linear optical elements that create the desired superpositions.For this reason,despite the long and impressive history of nonlinear optics,only recently has the spatial structure of light in nonlinear processes come to the fore.In this review we provide a concise theoretical framework for understanding nonlinear optics in the context of structured light,offering an overview and perspective on the progress made,and the challenges that remain. | Wagner Tavares Buono Andrew Forbes | 2022 | Opto-Electronic Advances2022，5，6： | 5 |
| 3 | Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light显示文摘Vector beams,non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation,have emerged as enabling tools in many diverse applications,from communication to imaging.This applicability has been achieved by sophisticated laser designs controlling the spin and orbital angular momentum,but so far is restricted to only two-dimensional states.Here we demonstrate the first vectorially structured light created and fully controlled in eight dimensions,a new state-of-the-art.We externally modulate our beam to control,for the frst time,the complete set of classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)states in paraxial structured light beams,in analogy with high-dimensional multi-partite quantum entangled states,and introduce a new tomography method to verify their fidelity.Our complete theoretical framework reveals a rich parameter space for further extending the dimensionality and degrees of freedom,opening new pathways for vetorilly structured light in the classical and quantum regimes. | Yjie Shen Iaac Nape Xilin Yang Xing Fu Mali Gong Darryl Naidoo Andrew Forbes | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，5： | 4 |
| 4 | Common elements for uncommon light:vector beams with GRIN lenses显示文摘A well-known defect introduced during the fabrication of GRIN lenses can be exploited for the creation,detection and wave-guiding of exotic forms of vectorial structured light,bringing the toolkit into the realm of common laboratory optics. | Andrew Forbes | 2019 | Light(Science & Applications)2019，8，1： | 3 |
| 5 | An in situ monitoring campaign of a hard rock pillar at great depth within a Canadian mine显示文摘A recent research campaign at a Canadian nickel-copper mine involved instrumenting a hard rock sill drift pillar with an array of multi-point rod extensometers,distributed optical fibre strain sensors,and borehole pressure cells(BHPCs).The instrumentation spanned across a 15.24 m lengthwise segment of the relatively massive granitic pillar situated at a depth of 2.44 km within the mine.Between May 2016 and March 2017,the pillar’s displacement and pressure response were measured and correlated with mining activities on the same level as the pillar,including:(1)mine-by of the pillar,(2)footwall drift development,and(3)ore body stoping operations.Regarding displacements of the pillar,the extensometers provided high temporal resolution(logged hourly)and the optical fibre strain sensors provide high spatial resolution(measured every 0.65 mm along the length of each sensor).The combination of sensing techniques allowed centimetre-scale rock mass bulking near the pillar sidewalls to be distinguished from microstrain-scale fracturing towards the core of the pillar.Additionally,the influence and extent of a mine-scale schistose shear zone transecting the pillar was identified.By converting measured rock mass displacement to velocity,a process was demonstrated which allowed mining activities inducing displacements to be categorised by time-duration and cumulative displacement.In over half of the analysed mining activities,displacements were determined to prolong for over an hour,predominately resulting in submillimetre cumulative displacements,but in some cases multi-centimetre cumulative displacements were observed.This time-dependent behaviour was more pronounced within the vicinity of the plumb shear zone.Displacement measurements were also used to assess selected support member load and elongation mobilisation per mining activity.It was found that a combined static load and elongation capacity of reinforcing members was essential to maintaining excavation stability,while permitting gradual shedding of stress through controlled pillar sidewall displacements. | Bradley Forbes Nicholas Vlachopoulos Mark S.Diederichs Andrew J.Hyett Allan Punkkinen | 2020 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2020，12，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Aware Patients from the B-Aware Trial显示文摘 | Kate Leslie Matthew T. V. Chan Paul S. Myles Andrew Forbes Timothy J. McCulloch | 2010 | Anesthesia & Analgesia2010，，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: A survival prediction model to facilitate clinical decision making显示文摘 | Andrew W. Bradbury Donald J. Adam Jocelyn Bell John F. Forbes F. Gerry R. Fowkes Ian Gillespie Charles Vaughan Ruckley Gillian M. Raab | 2010 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2010，，： | 2 |
| 8 | Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial: An intention-to-treat analysis of amputation-free and overall survival in patients randomized to a bypass surgery-first or a balloon angioplasty-first revascularization strategy显示文摘 | Andrew W. Bradbury Donald J. Adam Jocelyn Bell John F. Forbes F. Gerry R. Fowkes Ian Gillespie Charles Vaughan Ruckley Gillian M. Raab | 2010 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2010，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Editorial for special issue on complex optical fields显示文摘Recently there is an increasing interest in tailored optical fields with complex amplitude,phase and polarization spatial distributions,as well as specifically designed temporal waveforms.Scalar optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum and vectorial vortices such as radially and azimuthally polarized beams are among the most intensively studied examples.Comprehensive summaries of earlier developments can be found in several recent articles and | Qiwen Zhan Andrew Forbes | 2017 | Chinese Optics Letters2017，15，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Free-space local nonseparability dynamics of vector modes显示文摘One of the most prominent features of quantum entanglement is its invariability under local unitary transformations,which implies that the degree of entanglement or nonseparability remains constant during free-space propagation,true for both quantum and classically entangled modes.Here we demonstrate an exception to this rule using a carefully engineered vectorial light field,and we study its nonseparability dynamics upon free-space propagation.We show that the local nonseparability between the spatial and polarization degrees of freedom dramatically decays to zero while preserving the purity of the state and hence the global nonseparability.We show this by numerical simulations and corroborate it experimentally.Our results evince novel properties of classically entangled modes and point to the need for new measures of nonseparability for such vectorial fields,while paving the way for novel applications for customized structured light. | Xiao-Bo Hu Benjamin Perez-Garcia Valeria Rodríguez-Fajardo Raul I.Hernandez-Aranda Andrew Forbes Carmelo Rosales-Guzmán | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Bessel- like beams wiht z-dependent cone angles显示文摘 | Vladimir Belyi Andrew Forbes Nikolai Kazak | 2010 | Opt Express2010，18，3： | 1 |
| 12 | A conical wave approach to calculating Bessel–Gauss beam reconstruction after complex obstacles显示文摘 | Igor A. Litvin Melanie G. McLaren Andrew Forbes | 2008 | Optics Communications2008，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Robust structured light in atmospheric turbulence显示文摘Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels,both classical and quantum,where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for increased bandwidth.Both real-world and experimentally simulated turbulence conditions have revealed that free-space structured light modes are perturbed in some manner by turbulence,resulting in both amplitude and phase distortions,and consequently,much attention has focused on whether one mode type is more robust than another,but with seemingly inconclusive and contradictory results.We present complex forms of structured light that are invariant under propagation through the atmosphere:the true eigenmodes of atmospheric turbulence.We provide a theoretical procedure for obtaining these eigenmodes and confirm their invariance both numerically and experimentally.Although we have demonstrated the approach on atmospheric turbulence,its generality allows it to be extended to other channels too,such as aberrated paths,underwater,and in optical fiber. | Asher Klug Cade Peters Andrew Forbes | 2023 | Advanced Photonics2023，5，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Shrinking multiplexed orbital angular momentum to the nanoscale显示文摘Orbital angular momentum interactions at the nanoscale have remained elusive because the phase structure becomes unresolved.Now researchers have shown how to overcome this with tightly focused beams,demonstrating a recordhigh six-dimensional encoding in an ultra-dense nanoscale volume. | Chao He Yijie Shen Andrew Forbes Martin J.Booth | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，11： | 1 |
| 15 | New twist to twisted light显示文摘Controlling light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction,extending our familiar 2D transverse forms of electromagnetic waves to include 3D control(all three components of the electric field),and spatiotemporal control for 4D forms of structured light.1 Despite the advances,there still exist solutions to Maxwell’s equations that have not yet been demonstrated,2 hindered by the need to induce higherorder multipoles(beyond dipoles)and toroidal excitations in matter.3 Reporting in Nature Photonics,Qiwen Zhan and colleagues demonstrate the first optical toroidal vortex.4 They bypass the need for exotic materials and rare electronic transitions by exploiting conformal mapping of a space–time shaped vortex pulse,twisting and folding the optical field to form the familiar toroidal nature.Their approach heralds new spatial and temporal control of structured light,with the potential to impact fields from topology to quantum information. | Andrew Forbes | 2022 | Advanced Photonics2022，4，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Towards higher-dimensional structured light显示文摘Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom(DoFs),from spatial to temporal.Although orbital angular momentum(OAM)is perhaps the most topical example,and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light,control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction,promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light.Nevertheless,harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging,with the toolkit still in its infancy.In this perspective,we discuss methods,challenges,and opportunities for the creation,detection,and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light.We present a roadmap for future development trends,from fundamental research to applications,concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity,higher-security information processing and communication,and beyond. | Chao He Yijie Shen Andrew Forbes | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Structured matter creates toroidal structured light显示文摘Nano-structured metasurfaces have to be tailored from artificial atoms that act as toroidal emitters,giving rise to a new form of light long predicted:'flying doughnuts'as propagating spatial-temporal electromagnetic toroidal pulses in both the visible and THz regimes. | Andrew Forbes | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，9： | 0 |
| 18 | A review of liquid crystal spatial light modulators:devices and applications显示文摘Spatial light modulators,as dynamic flat-panel optical devices,have witnessed rapid development over the past two decades,concomitant with the advancements in micro-and opto-electronic integration technology.In particular,liquid-crystal spatial light modulator(LC-SLM)technologies have been regarded as versatile tools for generating arbitrary optical fields and tailoring all degrees of freedom beyond just phase and amplitude.These devices have gained significant interest in the nascent field of structured light in space and time,facilitated by their ease of use and real-time light manipulation,fueling both fundamental research and practical applications.Here we provide an overview of the key working principles of LC-SLMs and review the significant progress made to date in their deployment for various applications,covering topics as diverse as beam shaping and steering,holography,optical trapping and tweezers,measurement,wavefront coding,optical vortex,and quantum optics.Finally,we conclude with an outlook on the potential opportunities and technical challenges in this rapidly developing field. | Yiqian Yang Andrew Forbes Liangcai Cao | 2023 | Opto-Electronic Science2023，2，8： | 0 |
| 19 | B-Aware试验中BIS监测对远期生存率的影响显示文摘背景当使用脑电双频指数(bispectral index,Bis)监测指导麻醉药用量时,通常仅需要较低剂量的镇静药,如果用较低剂量的麻醉药,术中低血压和器官毒性作用也许能避免。然而,这是否能减少严重并发症和术后死亡率还存争议。B.Aware试验将2463例术中知晓高危的患者随机分为BIS指导麻醉组和常规麻醉组。我们假设使用BIS指导麻醉组患者死亡、心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)和卒中的风险都低于常规麻醉组患者。方法对术后30天尚存活的所有患者的医疗记录进行回顾,记录他们的死亡日期、死亡原因以及心肌梗死或卒中的发生情况.然后对所有存活的点者主牛行由话随访.本研究的主要终点是存活。结果随访时间中位值4.1年(全距:0-6.5年),参加试验的患者中有548例(22.2%)术后死亡,220例(8.9%)发生了心肌梗死,115例(4.7%)发生卒中。BIS监测组与常规麻醉组的死亡风险没有显著差异{危害比=0.86[95%可信区间(CI):0.72-1.01];P=0.07]。但是,倾向性评分分析显示,BIS值〈40、持续时间〉5分钟的患者与其他BIS监测组的患者相比,死亡的危害比为1.41(95%CI:1.02-1.95;P=0.039),并且心肌梗死的优势比(OR)为1.94(95%CI:1.12-3.35;P=0.01),卒中的优势比为3.24(95%CI:1.29-8.07;P=0.01)。结论在B-Aware试验患者中,采用了BIS指导麻醉且从未出现BIS值低于40并持续超过5分钟,与存活率的增加及并发症的减少相关。 | Kate Leslie, MBBS Paul S. Myles Andrew Forbes Matthew T. V. Chan 何欣(译) 翁莹琪(校) 郭曲练(校) | 2012 | 麻醉与镇痛2012，8，2： | 0 |
| 20 | B-Aware研究中术中知晓患者的创伤后应激障碍显示文摘背景术中知晓的长期影响差异巨大,部分患者没有任何长期影响,而另一些患者则可导致严重和持久的心理障碍。本研究比较了随机化B—Aware研究中,发生明确术中知晓患者与未发生明确术中知晓患者创伤后应激障碍(postlraumaticstressdisorder,PTSD)的发生率。方法我们采用配对群体设计,旨在随访发生明确术中知晓的13例患者。每1例发生术中知晓的患者均按年龄、性别、手术类型、手术日期及手术医院配比4例对照。以临床术后应激障碍评分对每1例术中知晓及对照患者进行面对面的访谈。结果本研究收集数据资料的时间从2006年6月到2007年3月,随访的中位数时间5.3年(范围4.3-5.7年)。其间发生明确术中知晓的13例患者中6例去世,7例患者中的5例(71%)与25例对照中的3例(12%)在随访时点表现符合PTSD的诊断标准(校正的比值比=13.3[95%的可信区间为1.4-650],P=0.02)。症状出现时间中位数时间为术后14天(范围7-243天),症状持续时间的中位数为4.7年(范围4.4-5.6年)。结论PTSD在B-Aware研究中有明确术中知晓的患者中常见而且持久。全麻下应强化预防患者术中知晓的措施。 | Kate Leslie, MBBS, MD, MEpi, FANZCA Matthew T. V. Chan, MBBS, FANZCA Paul S. myles, MBBS, MD, MPH, FANZCA, FCARSCI, FRCA Andrew Forbes, MSc, PhD Timothy J. McCulloch, MBBS, BSc (Med), FANZCA 谢珺田(译) | 2011 | 麻醉与镇痛2011，7，5： | 0 |
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