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| 1 | Human leukocyte antigen typing and crossmatch:A comprehensive review显示文摘Renal transplantation remains the best option for patients suffering from end stage renal disease(ESRD).Given the worldwide shortage of organs and growing population of patients with ESRD,those waitlisted for a transplant is ever expanding.Contemporary crossmatch methods and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) typing play a pivotal role in improving organ allocation and afford better matches to recipients.Understanding crossmatch as well as HLA typing for renal transplantation and applying it in clinical practice is the key step to achieve a successful outcome.Interpretation of crossmatch results can be quite challenging where clinicians have not had formal training in applied transplant immunology.This review aims to provide a worked example using a clinical vignette.Furthermore,each technique is discussed in detail with its pros and cons.The index case is that of a young male with ESRD secondary to Lupus nephritis.He is offered a deceased donor kidney with a 1-0-0 mismatch.His complement dependent cytotoxicity(CDC) crossmatch reported positive for B lymphocyte,but flow cytometry crossmatch(FCXM) was reported negative for both B and T lymphocytes.Luminex-SAB(single antigen bead) did not identify any donor specific antibodies(DSA).He never had a blood transfusion.The positive CDCcrossmatch result is not concordant with DSA status.These implausible results are due to underlying lupus erythematosus,leading to false-positive B-lymphocyte crossmatch as a result of binding immune complexes to Fc-receptors.False positive report of CDC crossmatch can be caused by the underlying autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus,that may lead to inadvertent refusal of adequate kidney grafts.Detailed study of DSA by molecular technique would prevent wrong exclusion of such donors.Based on these investigations this patient is deemed to have 'standard immunological risk' for renal transplantation. | Mohammed Mahdi Althaf Mohsen El Kossi Jon Kim Jin Ajay Sharma Ahmed Mostafa Halawa | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，6： | 5 |
| 2 | An evolved diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis in a very low birth weight premature neonate 显示文摘 | Bhat RY Rao A Althaf | 2008 | Int J Tuberc Lung Dis2008，12，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Familial lecithin - cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency; a differential of proteinuria 显示文摘 | Althaf MM Almana H Abdelfadiel A | 2015 | J Nephropathol2015，4，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents显示文摘 | John W. Graves Mohammed Mahdi Althaf | 2006 | Pediatric Nephrology2006，，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Detection of oxidative stress and DNA damage in freshwater snail Lymnea leuteola exposed to profenofos显示文摘Extensive production and use of organophosphate pesticide in agriculture,has risen concerned about its ecotoxicity and risk assessment of insecticides,which are more important.Therefore,the present investigation was aimed to study the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage by organophosphate insecticide profenofos(PFF)in freshwater snail Lymnea luteola(L.luteola).The median lethal value(96 h LC50)of PFF was estimated as 1.26 mg/L for L.luteola in a semi-static system and on the basis of LC50 value three concentrations viz.,0.126(1/10 of LC50,Sublethal I),0.63(1/2 of LC50,Sublethal II)and 0.84 mg/L(2/3 of LC50,Sublethal III)were determined.Snails were exposed to above-mentioned concentrations of PFF along with solvent control(acetone)and negative control for 96 h.The haemolymph was collected at 24 and 96 h of after treatment.In heamolymph of PFF exposed snail,lipid peroxide,glutathione reduced glutathione S transferase and superoxide dismutase activities at the tested concentrations significantly differ from those in the control.The genotoxicity induced in hemocytes of treated snails was measured by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay.The data of this experiment demonstrated significantly enhancement of oxidative stress and DNA damage in the treated snails as compared to controls.Also,we observed statistically significant correlations of ROS with DNA damage(%tail DNA)(R^(2)=0.9708)for 24 h and DNA damage(R^(2)=0.9665)for 96 h.Results of the current experiment can be useful in risk evaluation of PFF among aquatic organisms.The study confirmed the use of comet assay for in vivo laboratory experiments using freshwater snail for selecting the toxic potential of industrial chemicals and environmental contaminants. | Daoud Ali Huma Ali Saud Alifiri Saad Alkahtani Abdullah A Alkahtane Shaik Althaf Huasain | 2018 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2018，12，5： | 0 |
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