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| 1 | Hepatic echinococcosis:Clinical and therapeutic aspects显示文摘Echinococcosis or hydatid disease(HD)is a zoonosis caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus.Hepatic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease,mainly differentiated into alveolar and cystic forms,associated with Echinoccus multilocularis(E.multilocularis)and Echinococcus granulosus(E.granulosus)infection,respectively.Cystic echinococcosis(CE)has a worldwide distribution,while hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE)is endemic in the Northern hemisphere,including North America and several Asian and European countries,like France,Germany and Austria.E.granulosus young cysts are spherical,unilocular vesicles,consisting of an internal germinal layer and an outer acellular layer.Cyst expan-sion is associated with a host immune reaction and the subsequent development of a fibrous layer,called the pericyst;old cysts typically present internal septations and daughter cysts.E.multilocularis has a tumorlike,infiltrative behavior,which is responsible for tissue destruction and finally for liver failure.The liver is the main site of HD involvement,for both alveolar and cystic hydatidosis.HD is usually asymptomatic for a long period of time,because cyst growth is commonly slow;the most frequent symptoms are fatigue and abdominal pain.Patients may also present jaundice,hepatomegaly or anaphylaxis,due to cyst leakage or rupture.HD diagnosis is usually accomplished with the combined use of ultrasonography and immunodiagnosis;furthermore,the improvement of surgical techniques,the introduction of minimally invasive treatments[such as puncture,aspiration,injection,re-aspiration(PAIR)]and more effective drugs(such as benzoimidazoles)have deeply changed life expectancy and quality of life of patients with HD.The aim of this article is to provide an up-todate review of biological,diagnostic,clinical and therapeutic aspects of hepatic echinococcosis. | Giuseppe Nunnari Marilia R Pinzone Salvatore Gruttadauria Benedetto M Celesia Giordano Madeddu Giulia Malaguarnera Piero Pavone Alessandro Cappellani Bruno Cacopardo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 72 |
| 2 | Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy associates to type 17 helper T lymphocytes immunological shift and significant microbial changes in dextran sodium sulphate colitis显示文摘BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) represents the best therapeutic option to induce mucosal healing and clinical remission in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis. On the other side gut microbiota plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis but few information exists on how microbiota changes following anti-TNFα therapy and on microbiota role in mucosal healing.AIM To elucidate whether gut microbiota and immune system changes appear following anti TNFα therapy during dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) colitis.METHODS Eighty C57 BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: 'No DSS', 'No DSS + antiTNFα', 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα'. 'DSS' and 'DSS + anti-TNFα' were treated for 5 d with 3% DSS. At day 3, mice whithin 'No DSS+anti-TNFα' and'DSS+anti-TNFα' group received 5 mg/kg of an anti-TNFα agent. Forty mice were sacrificed at day 5, forty at day 12, after one week of recovery post DSS. The severity of colitis was assessed by a clinical score(Disease Activity Index), colon length and histology. Bacteria such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae, Enterococcaceae and Fecalibacterium prausnitzii(F. prausnitzii) were evaluated by quantitative PCR.Type 1 helper T lymphocytes(Th1), type 17 helper T lymphocytes(Th17) and CD4+ regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg) distributions in the mesenteric lymph node(MLN) were studied by flow cytometry.RESULTS Bacteria associated with a healthy state(i.e., such as Bacteroides, Clostridiaceae and F. prausnitzii) decreased during colitis and increased in course of anti-TNFαtreatment. Conversely, microorganisms belonging to Enterococcaceae genera,which are linked to inflammatory processes, showed an opposite trend.Furthermore, in colitic mice treated with anti-TNFα microbial changes were associated with an initial increase(day 5 of the colitis) in Treg cells and a consequent decrease(day 12 post DSS) in Th1 and Th17 frequency cells. Healthy mice treated with anti-TNFα showed the same histological, microbial and immune features of untreated colitic mice. 'No DSS + anti-TNFα' group showed a lymphomononuclear infiltrate both at 5 th and 12 th d at hematoxylin and eosin staining, an increase of in Th1 and Th17 frequency at day 12, an increase of Enterococcaceae at day 5, a decrease of Bacteroides and Clostridiaceae at day 12.CONCLUSION Anti-TNFα treatment in experimental model of colitis improves disease activity but it is associated to an increase in Th17 pathway together with gut microbiota alteration. | Valentina Petito Cristina Graziani Loris R Lopetuso Marco Fossati Alessandra Battaglia Vincenzo Arena Domenico Scannone Gianluca Quaranta Andrea Quagliariello Federica Del Chierico Lorenza Putignani Luca Masucci Maurizio Sanguinetti Alessandro Sgambato Antonio Gasbarrini Franco Scaldaferri | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，12： | 2 |
| 3 | Mitochondrial diseases and the heart: an overview of molecular basis, diagnosis, treatment and clinical course 显示文摘 | Limongelli G Masarone D D' Alessandro R | 2012 | Future Cardiol2012，8，1： | 1 |
| 4 | A Monte Carlo Investi gation of the Harniltonian Mean Field Model显示文摘 | Alessandro P Giuseppe A Andrea R | 2005 | Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications2005，349，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Improvement of Biohydrogen Production from Solid Wastes by Intermittent Venting and Gas Flushing of Batch Reactors Headspace显示文摘 | Idania V V Elvira R L Alessandro C M | 2006 | Environ Sci Technol2006，40，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Proteomic strategies and their application in cancer research显示文摘 | Alessandro R Fontana S Kohn E | 2005 | Tumori2005，91，： | 1 |
| 7 | Continuous electrospinning of aligned polymer nanofibers onto a wire drum collector显示文摘 | KATTA P ALESSANDRO M RAMSIER R D | 2004 | Nano Letters2004，4，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing elective sad urgent procedures显示文摘 | Alessandro M Jeremiah R | 2010 | J Interven Cardiol2010，23，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Idarubicin and cytosine arabinoside in the induction and maintenance therapy of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes 显示文摘 | Rosangela I Alessandro P Giuseppe R | 1997 | Haematology1997，82，： | 1 |
| 10 | Self-organized porphyrinic materials显示文摘 | CHARLES M D ALESSANDRO V IVANA R | 2009 | Chem Rev2009，109，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Influence of the tool edge geometry on specific cutting energy at high-speed cutting显示文摘 | ALESSANDRO R R REGINALDO T C | 2007 | Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering2007，29，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Applications of laccases and tyrosinases(phenoloxidases)immobilized on different supports:a review显示文摘 | Nelson D Maria A R Alessandro D A | 2002 | Enzyme Microb Tech2002，31，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Quadratic Petrov-Galerkin finite elements for advective-reactive features in turbomachinery CFD显示文摘 | ALESSANDRO C FRANCO R ANDREA S | 2005 | Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2005，15，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Quantitative PCR of bone marrow BCL2/IgH cells at diagnosis predicts treatment response and long-term outcome in follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma显示文摘 | Alessandro R Emanuela C Elena O | 2005 | Blood2005，105，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Incidence and short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in adults in Bologna,Italy显示文摘 | Vignatelli L Tonon CD Alessandro R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | In PC12 cells, expression of neurosecretion and neurite outgrowth are governed by the transcription repressor REST/NRSF 显示文摘 | D'Alessandro R Meldolesi J | 2010 | Ceil Mol Neurobi- ol2010，30，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Incidence and predictors of acute symptomatic seizures after stroke 显示文摘 | Beghi E D'Alessandro R Beretta S | 2011 | Neurology2011，77，20： | 1 |
| 18 | Continuous energy var- iation during the seizure cycle:towards an on-line accumulated energy显示文摘 | Esteller R Echauz J D'alessandro M | 2005 | Clin Neurophysiol2005，116，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Inheritance of vernaliza- tion requirement in carrot显示文摘 | Alessandro M S Galmaririi C R | 2007 | Journal of the American So- ciety for Horticultural Science2007，132，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A Field Study of Reflectivity and Z-R Relations Using Vertically Pointing Radars and Disdrometers显示文摘 | Tokay Ali Hartmann Peter Battaglia Alessandro Gage Kenneth S Clark Wallace L Williams Christopher R | 2009 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology2009，，6： | 1 |
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