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| 1 | Preoperative evaluation of colorectal cancer using CT colonography, MRI, and PET/CT显示文摘Imaging studies are a major component in the evaluation of patients for the screening,staging and surveillance of colorectal cancer.This review presents commonly encountered findings in the diagnosis and staging of patients with colorectal cancer using computed tomography(CT)colonography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and positron emission tomography(PET)/CT colonography.CT colonography provides important information for the preoperative assessment of T staging.Wall deformities are associated with muscular or subserosal invasion.Lymph node metastases from colorectal cancer often present with calcifications.CT is superior to detect calcified metastases.Three-dimensional CT to image the vascular anatomy facilitates laparoscopic surgery.T staging of rectal cancer by MRI is an established modality because MRI can diagnose rectal wall laminar structure.N staging in patients with colorectal cancer is still challenging using any imaging modality.MRI is more accurate than CT for the evaluation of liver metastases.PET/CT colonography isvaluable in the evaluation of extra-colonic and hepatic disease.PET/CT colonography is useful for obstructing colorectal cancers that cannot be traversed colonoscopically.PET/CT colonography is able to localize synchronous colon cancers proximal to the obstruction precisely.However,there is no definite evidence to support the routine clinical use of PET/CT colonography. | Shigeyoshi Kijima Takahiro Sasaki Koichi Nagata Kenichi Utano Alan T Lefor Hideharu Sugimoto | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，45： | 46 |
| 2 | Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure显示文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics. | Kareena L Schnabl John E Van Aerde Alan BR Thomson Michael T Clandinin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，14： | 19 |
| 3 | Role of PRMTs in cancer: Could minor isoforms be leaving a mark?显示文摘Protein arginine methyltransferases(PRMTs) catalyze the methylation of a variety of protein substrates, many of which have been linked to the development, progression and aggressiveness of different types of cancer. Moreover, aberrant expression of PRMTs has been observed in several cancer types. While the link between PRMTs and cancer is a relatively new area of interest, the functional implications documented thus far warrant further investigations into its therapeutic potential. However, the expression of these enzymes and the regulation of their activity in cancer are still significantly understudied. Currently there are nine main members of the PRMT family. Further, the existence of alternatively spliced isoforms for several of these family members provides an additional layer of complexity. Specifically, PRMT1, PRMT2, CARM1 and PRMT7 have been shown to have alternative isoforms and others may be currently unrealized. Our knowledge with respect to the relative expression and the specific functions of these isoforms is largely lacking and needs attention. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of theknown alternative PRMT isoforms and provide a rationale for how they may impact on cancer and represent potentially useful targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. | R Mitchell Baldwin Alan Morettin Jocelyn C té | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，2： | 14 |
| 4 | 外周炎症性疼痛刺激诱发中枢神经系统小胶质细胞增殖活化显示文摘目的 观察外周疼痛刺激后 ,中枢神经系统小胶质细胞形态和功能特征的变化。方法 采用福尔马林疼痛动物模型 ,刺激后 2、4、8h,1、3 d,1、2及 4周后处死 ,制成腰脊髓和脑干切片。小胶质细胞特异表达补体 C3受体(单克隆抗体 OX-4 2 ) ,活化型小胶质细胞表达 类主要组织相容性复合物 Ia(单克隆抗体 OX-6)。定性和定量的免疫组化方法显示中枢小胶质细胞及疼痛刺激下形态的转化。结果 福尔马林刺激侧腰脊髓后角和脑干薄束核内小胶质细胞的增殖活化 ,注射后 1 d开始出现 ,3 d后明显 ,1周达到高峰 ,2周后增殖活化反应开始消退。本研究增殖活化的小胶质细胞表现为激活型 ,而非活化型或吞噬型。结论 福尔马林注射引起的疼痛刺激或外周炎症反应可能诱发中枢小胶质细胞增殖活化。 | 傅开元 Alan R.Ligh t William M aixner | 2001 | 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志2001，8，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Laterally spreading tumors:Limitations of computed tomography colonography显示文摘AIM:To prospectively investigate the detection rate of laterally spreading tumors(LSTs)of the colorectum by computed tomography(CT)colonography(CTC).METHODS:Patients with LSTs measuring≥20 mm detected during colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled in the study.All patients underwent colonoscopy and subsequent CTC on the same day.CTC was performed using multi-detector CT without contrast in the prone and supine positions.Two radiologists blinded to the existence of LSTs read the virtual endoscopic images as well as 2-D images.LSTs were classified into granular and non-granular types based on colonoscopic appearance.RESULTS:Forty-seven pathologically proven LSTs were evaluated prospectively.Histology included adenomas in 19,mucosal cancers in 19 and T1 cancers in 9.The mean diameter of the LSTs was 35.1 mm.Twenty-eight(60%)LSTs were correctly identified by CTC,and the configuration was similar to the colonoscopic appearance in most cases.Detection rate for the granular type was significantly higher than that for the nongranular type(71%vs 31%,P=0.013).Detection rate of adenomas was significantly lower than mucosal cancers(32%vs 79%,P=0.008)and T1 cancers(32%vs 78%,P=0.042).CONCLUSION:The detection rate of LSTs by CTC,particularly the non-granular type was not acceptable.Practitioners should be aware of the relatively low detection rate when using CTC. | Kazutomo Togashi Kenichi Utano Shigeyoshi Kijima Yosuke Sato Hisanaga Horie Keijirou Sunada Alan T Lefor Hideharu Sugimoto Yoshikazu Yasuda | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 4 |
| 6 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee显示文摘 | Donald Lloyd-Jones Robert Adams Mercedes Carnethon Giovanni De Simone T Bruce Ferguson Katherine Flegal Earl Ford Karen Furie Alan Go Kurt Greenlund Nancy Haase Susan Hailpern Michael Ho Virginia Howard Brett Kissela Steven Kittner Daniel Lackland Lynda L | 2009 | Circulation2009，，3： | 4 |
| 7 | 新加坡成人慢性呼吸系统疾病患者6分钟步行距离的最小临床重要差异值研究(英文)显示文摘目的:6 min步行距离(6MWD)是临床上常见的功能性运动能力测试,特别是对于慢性呼吸系统疾病患者。一些文献记载了关于白种人的6MWD的最小临床重要差异(MCID),但对亚洲人群的相关信息未见记载。本研究旨在建立亚洲成人慢性呼吸道疾病患者6MWD的最小临床重要差异。方法:采用'锚定'法和'分布'法对新加坡中央医院肺康复计划登记处的资料进行了分析。'锚定'法收集确诊为慢性呼吸道疾病的患者50例,其中男38例,女12例;平均年龄(64.2±12.3)岁,通过电话采访及使用整体变化评估量表(GROC)评价患者肺康复计划后的自觉改善程度,再将患者在肺康复计划中6MWD的改变数值与相对应的患者自觉改善程度进行比较,这种关系用操作特征曲线(ROC)统计表示。通过'分布'法确定6MWD的MCID,从门诊和住院的肺康复计划(PRP)参与者中检索医疗记录136例,其中男103例,女33例;平均年龄(60.1±14.1)岁。结果 :ROC曲线表明6MWD出现临床显著性变化的最佳临界值为17.4 m,其对应的敏感性为79.4%,特异性为81.3%,阳性似然比为4.23。由'分布'法确定6MWD的最小临床重要差异值为18.6 m。结论:18.6 m为新加坡华人6MWD的最小临床重要差异的估计值。 | Meredith T L YEUNG Alan W P WONG Katherine S L HUANG Alice Y M JONES | 2015 | 康复学报2015，25，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Right anterior segmental hepatic duct emptying directly into the cystic duct in a living donor显示文摘A 35-year-old mother was scheduled to be the living donor for liver transplantation to her second son,who suffered from biliary atresia complicated with biliary cirrhosis at the age of 2 years.The operative plan was to recover the left lateral segment of the mother's liver for living donor transplantation.With the use of cholangiography at the time of surgery,we found the right anterior segmental duct(RASD) emptying directly into the cystic duct,and the catheter passed into the RASD.After repairing the incision in the cystic duct,transplantation was successfully performed.Her postoperative course was uneventful.Biliary anatomical variations were frequently encountered,however,this variation has very rarely been reported.If the RASD was divided,the repair would be very difficult because the duct will not dilate sufficiently in an otherwise healthy donor.Meticulous preoperative evaluation of the living donor's biliary anatomy,especially using magnetic resonance cholangiography and careful intraoperative techniques,is important to prevent bile duct injury and avoid the risk to the healthy donor. | Yasunao Ishiguro Masanobu Hyodo Takehito Fujiwara Yasunaru Sakuma Nobuyuki Hojo Koichi Mizuta Hideo Kawarasaki Alan T Lefor Yoshikazu Yasuda | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，29： | 2 |
| 9 | 钆特醇及钆喷替酸葡甲胺在1.5、3.0 TMR下鼠脑胶质瘤模型增强扫描中的应用比较研究显示文摘目的 对比钆特醇及Gd-DTPA在1.5及3.0 T MR下的增强效果,比较两者在增强扫描中的应用价值.方法 42只CDF Fisher 344雄性大鼠,采用经皮导管脑内接种胶质瘤细胞,培育1周,制作鼠脑胶质瘤模型.将大鼠采用数字表法随机分为4组,分别为12、10、10、10只,进行1.5及3.0 T MR下注射钆特醇及Gd-DTPA增强效果对比、注射钆特醇在1.5及3.0 T两种场强下增强效果对比、1.5 T MR下使用标准剂量钆特醇与3.0 T下使用半剂量增强效果对比.两次扫描间隔24 h.选取注射对比剂前及注射后第1、3、5、7、9分钟时间点的T1加权图像,利用影像工作站分析计算各图像的信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR),对比噪声比(contrast to noise ratio,CNR)及对比增强比(contrast enhancement,CE),所得数据选用Student配对双尾t检验行统计学分析.结果 1.5 T MR下,注射Gd-DTPA后各时间点图像SNR、CNR和CE平均值分别为54.4±3.2、17.0±3.3、20.8±3.4;注射钆特醇后各值分别为53.2±3.2、17.2±3.1、20.8±3.2,两者差异无统计学意义(t值分别为2.247、0.403、0.076,P值均>0.05).3.0 T MR下,注射Gd-DTPA后各时间点图像SNR、CNR和CE平均值分别为94.8±7.1、38.0±6.0、45.0±6.3;注射钆特醇后各值分别为95.5±2.9、37.2±2.7、45.6±2.8,两者差异亦无统计学意义(t值分别为0.303、0.573、0.357,P值均>0.05).注射钆特醇在1.5 T MR下增强扫描后各时间点图像SNR、CNR和CE平均值分别为51.9±3.0、15.6±3.0、18.6±3.0;在3.0 T MR下图像各值分别为86.1±4.9、27.4±5.0、37.3±5.3,均高于1.5 T MRI图像,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为36.227、11.977、17.106,P值均<0.05).1.5 T MR下注射标准剂量钆特醇增强扫描后,各时间点图像SNR、CNR和CE平均值分别为53.8±1.6、17.7±1.7、20.3±1.6;3.0 T MR下注射半剂量钆特醇增强图像各值分别为72.2±2.4、15.4±2.4、21.1±2.4,两者SNR、CNR均值差异有统计学意义(t值分别为31.503、5.137,P值均<0.05),而两者CE均值差异无统计学意义(t=2.033,P>0.05).结论 利用鼠脑胶质瘤模型,在1.5及3.0 T MR下注射钆特醇和Gd-DTPA行增强扫描,两者增强效果无明显差异;3.0 T MR下注射钆特醇行增强扫描,效果明显优于在1.5 T条件下使用;3.0 T MR下使用半剂量钆特醇与在1.5 T下使用标准剂量增强效果相仿,同样能取得满意的增强效果.因此,使用钆特醇可在保证增强效果的同时,在一定程度上降低使用MRI对比剂的风险,增加安全性. | 艾飞 Val M Runge John N Morelli Lan.Vu Jeremy Cannel Alan T Loynachan 漆剑频 李小明 | 2010 | 中华放射学杂志2010，44，11： | 2 |
| 10 | Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data显示文摘 | Alan D Lopez Colin D Mathers Majid Ezzati Dean T Jamison Christopher JL Murray | 2006 | The Lancet . 2006 (9524)2006，，9524： | 2 |
| 11 | Hepatic portal venous gas after endoscopy in a patient with anastomotic obstruction显示文摘A 72-year-old male underwent a laparoscopic low anterior resection for advanced rectal cancer.A diverting loop ileostomy was constructed due to an anastomotic leak five days postoperatively.Nine months later,colonoscopy performed through the stoma showed complete anastomotic obstruction.The mucosa of the proximal sigmoid colon was atrophic and whitish.Ten days after the colonoscopy,the patient presented in shock with abdominal pain.Abdominal computed tomography scan showed hepatic portal venous gas(HPVG) and a dilated left colon.HPVG induced by obstructive colitis was diagnosed and a transverse colostomy performed emergently.His subsequent hospital course was unremarkable.Rectal anastomosis with diverting ileostomy is often performed in patients with low rectal cancers.In patients with anastomotic obstruction or severe stenosis,colonoscopy through diverting stoma should be avoided.Emergent operation to decompress the obstructed proximal colon is necessary in patients with a blind intestinal loop accompanied by HPVG. | Ai Sadatomo Koji Koinuma Rihito Kanamaru Yasuyuki Miyakura Hisanaga Horie Alan T Lefor Yoshikazu Yasuda | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data显示文摘 | Alan D Lopez Colin D Mathers Majid Ezzati Dean T Jamison Christopher JL Murray | 2006 | 2006 (9524)2006，，9524： | 2 |
| 13 | Controlled synthesis of nonspherical microparticles usingmicrofluidics显示文摘 | Dhananjay Dendukuri Kim Tsoi Alan Hatton T | 2005 | Langmuir2005，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | Mecdical management of Port disease in the thoracic Andlumbar spine : aprospective clibical study 显示文摘 | Kotil K Alan N S Bilge T | 2007 | J Neurosurg Spine2007，6，3： | 1 |
| 15 | New insights on trehalose:a multifunctional molecule显示文摘 | Alan D Elbein Pan Y T Irena Pastuszak David Carroll | 2003 | Glycobiology2003，4，： | 1 |
| 16 | Metabolic behavior of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms under nitrate and nitrite electron acceptor conditions 显示文摘 | Alan J Daidou T Tsuneda S | 2001 | J Biosci Bioeng2001，92，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Starter/Generator Employing Resonant - converter - fed Induction Machine Part I : analysis and Part II : hardware prototype 显示文摘 | Alan I Lipo T A | 2000 | IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic System2000，36，4： | 1 |
| 18 | A lignan and pyrone and other constituents from Hyptis capitata 显示文摘 | Gunvor T A Alan C H Kurt B G T | 1991 | Phytochemistry1991，30，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Cardiac histones are substrates of histone deacetylase activity in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation显示文摘 | Lin T Alan HB Chen H 'al | 2006 | Surgery2006，139，： | 1 |
| 20 | Regulatory functions of CD8^+ CD28^- T cells in an autoimmune disease model 显示文摘 | Najafian N Chitnis T Alan D | 2003 | J Clin Invest2003，112，： | 1 |
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