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| 1 | Prognostic significance of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy:Novel insights and future perspectives in gastric cancer显示文摘Despite a decrease in gastric cancer incidence, the development of novel biologic agents and combined therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of gastric cancer remains poor. Recently, the introduction of modern immunotherapy, especially using immune checkpoint inhibitors, led to an improved prognosis in many cancers. The use of immunotherapy was also associated with manageable adverse event profiles and promising results in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, especially in heavily pretreated patients. These data have led to an accelerated approval of some checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Understanding the complex relationship between the host immune microenvironment and tumor and the immune escape phenomenon leading to cancer occurrence and progression will subsequently lead to the identification of prognostic immune markers. Furthermore, this understanding will result in the discovery of both new mechanisms for blocking tumor immunosuppressive signals and pathways to stimulate the local immune response by targeting and modulating different subsets of immune cells. Due to the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancers associated with differentclinico-biologic parameters, immune markers expression and prognosis, novel immunotherapy algorithms should be personalized and addressed to selected subsets of gastric tumors, which have been proven to elicit the best clinical responses. Future perspectives in the treatment of gastric cancer include tailored dual immunotherapies or a combination of immunotherapy with other targeted agents with synergistic antitumor effects. | Daniela Cornelia Lazǎr Mihaela Flavia Avram Ioan Romosan Mǎrioara Cornianu Sorina Tǎan Adrian Goldis | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，32： | 24 |
| 2 | Advances in endoscopic ultrasound imaging of colorectaldiseases显示文摘The development of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has had a significant impact for patients with digestive diseases, enabling enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, with most of the available evidence focusing on upper gastrointestinal(GI) and pancreaticobiliary diseases. For the lower GI tract the main application of EUS has been in staging rectal cancer, as a complementary technique to other cross-sectional imaging methods. EUS can provide highly accurate indepth assessments of tumour infiltration, performing best in the diagnosis of early rectal tumours. In the light of recent developments other EUS applications for colorectal diseases have been also envisaged and are currently under investigation, including beyond-rectum tumour staging by means of the newly developed forward-viewing radial array echoendoscope. Due to its high resolution, EUS might be also regarded as an ideal method for the evaluation of subepithelial lesions. Their differential diagnosis is possible by imaging the originating wall layer and the associated echostructure, and cytological and histological confirmation can be obtained through EUS-guided fine needle aspiration or trucut biopsy. However, reports on the use of EUS in colorectal subepithelial lesions are currently limited. EUS allows detailed examination of perirectal and perianal complications in Crohn's disease and, as a safe and less expensive investigation, can be used to monitor therapeutic response of fistulae, which seems to improve outcomes and reduce the need for additional surgery. Furthermore, EUS image enhancement techniques, such as the use of contrast agents or elastography, have recently been evaluated for colorectal indications as well. Possible applications of contrast enhancement include the assessment of tumour angiogenesis in colorectal cancer, the monitoring of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease based on quantification of bowel wall vascularization, and differentiating between benign and malignant subepithelial tumours. Recent reports suggest that EUS elastography enables highly accurate discrimination of colorectal adenocarcinomas from adenomas, while inflammatory bowel disease phenotypes can be distinguished based on the strain ratio calculation. Among EUS-guided therapies, the drainage of abdominal and pelvic collections has been regarded as a safe and effective procedure to be used as an alternative for the transcutaneous route, while the placing of fiducial markers under EUS guidance for targeted radiotherapy in rectal cancer or the use of contrast microbubbles as drug-delivery vehicles represent experimental therapeutic applications that could greatly impact the forthcoming management of patients with colorectal diseases, pending on further investigations. | Elena Tatiana Cârțână Dan IonuțGheonea Adrian Săftoiu | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，5： | 14 |
| 3 | Heme in intestinal epithelial cell turnover, differentiation, detoxification, inflammation, carcinogenesis, absorption and motility显示文摘胃肠道被经历包含两极分裂,区别和细胞死亡的经常的更新的一张单层上皮衬里。另外,上皮的衬里分开由保护上皮免受被突破的伤害的防御机制从内部周围的无菌的环境发生在肠的腔的消化和吸收的敌对过程。对这些防御过程中央是合成他我和它的分解代谢由他我氧合酶(惊讶) 。饮食他我也是为被收起的身体的铁的重要来源由 enterocyte 未经触动。这评论在肠道在 heme/HO 的多样的性质上描述最近的文学。在房间 cycle/apoptosis, xenobiotics 的 detoxification,氧化压力,发炎,结肠癌的发展, heme 铁吸收和肠的活动性的规定的 heme/HO 的角色明确地被检验。 | Phillip S Oates Adrian R West | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，27： | 8 |
| 4 | Destabilization of strigolactone receptor DWARF14 by binding of ligand and E3-1igase signaling effector DWARF3显示文摘 | Li-Hua Zhao X Edward Zhou Wei Yi Zhongshan Wu Yue Liu Yanyong Kang Li Hou Parker W de Waal Suling Li Yi Jiang Adrian Scaffidi Gavin R Flematti Steven M Smith Vinh Q Lam Patrick R Griffin YonghongWang Jiayang Li Karsten Melcher H Eric Xu | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，11： | 7 |
| 5 | Confocal laser endomicroscopy and immunoendoscopy for real-time assessment of vascularization in gastrointestinal malignancies显示文摘Gastrointestinal cancers represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality,with incomplete response to chemotherapy in the advanced stages and poor prognosis.Angiogenesis plays a crucial part in tumor growth and metastasis,with most gastrointestinal cancers depending strictly on the development of a new and devoted capillary network.Confocal laser endomicroscopy is a new technology which allows in vivo microscopic analysis of the gastrointestinal mucosa and its microvascularization during ongoing endoscopy by using topically or systemically administered contrast agents.Targeting markers of angiogenesis in association with confocal laser endomicroscopic examination(immunoendoscopy),as a future challenge,will add functional analysis to the morphological aspect of the neoplastic process.This review describes previous experience in endomicroscopic examination of the upper and lower digestive tract with emphasis on vascularization,resulting in a broad spectrum of potential clinical applications,and also preclinical research that could be translated to human studies. | Dan Ionut Gheonea Tatiana Crtnǎ Tudorel Ciurea Carmen Popescu Anca Bǎdǎrǎu Adrian Sǎftoiu | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，1： | 6 |
| 6 | Mechanisms of heme iron absorption:Current questions and controversies显示文摘Iron is a critical micronutrient, and iron derived from heme contributes a large proportion of the total iron absorbed in a typical Western diet. Heme iron is absorbed by different mechanisms than non-heme iron, but despite considerable study over many years these mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the importance of heme iron in the diet and discusses the two prevailing hypotheses of heme absorption; namely receptor mediated endocytosis of heme, and direct transport into the intestinal enterocyte by recently discovered heme transporters. A specific emphasis is placed on the questions surrounding the site of heme catabolism and the identity of the enzyme that performs this task. Additionally, we present the hypothesis that a non-heme iron transport protein may be required for heme iron absorption and discuss the experiences of our laboratory in examining this hypothesis. | Adrian R West Phillip S Oates | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 5 |
| 7 | Refining pathological evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM:To assess tumour regression grade(TRG)and lymph node downstaging to help define patients who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS:Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction treated with surgery alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between 2005and 2011 at a single institution were reviewed.Triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of platinum,fluoropyrimidine and anthracycline was considered for operable patients(World Health Organization performance status≤2)with clinical stage T2-4 N0-1.Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)was assessed using TRG,as described by Mandard et al.In addition lymph node downstaging was also assessed.Lymph node downstaging was defined by cN1 at diagnosis:assessed radiologically(computed tomography,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography),then pathologically recorded as N0 after surgery;ypN0 if NAC given prior to surgery,or pN0if surgery alone.Patients were followed up for 5 years post surgery.Recurrence was defined radiologically,with or without pathological confirmation.An association was examined between t TRG and lymph node downstaging with disease free survival(DFS)and a comprehensive range of clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS:Two hundred and eighteen patients underwent esophageal resection during the study interval with a mean follow up of 3 years(median follow up:2.552,95%CI:2.022-3.081).There was a 1.8%(n=4)inpatient mortality rate.One hundred and thirty-six(62.4%)patients received NAC,with 74.3%(n=101)of patients demonstrating some signs of pathological tumour regression(TRG 1-4)and 5.9%(n=8)having a complete pathological response.Forty four point one percent(n=60)had downstaging of their nodal disease(cN1 to ypN0),compared to only 15.9%(n=13)that underwent surgery alone(pre-operatively overstaged:cN1 to pN0),(P<0.0001).Response to NAC was associated with significantly increased DFS(mean DFS;TRG 1-2:5.1years,95%CI:4.6-5.6 vs TRG 3-5:2.8 years,95%CI:2.2-3.3,P<0.0001).Nodal down-staging conferred a significant DFS advantage for those patients with a poor primary tumour response to NAC(median DFS;TRG 3-5 and nodal down-staging:5.533 years,95%CI:3.558-7.531 vs TRG 3-5 and no nodal down-staging:1.114 years,95%CI:0.961-1.267,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Response to NAC in the primary tumour and in the lymph nodes are both independently associated with improved DFS. | Fergus Noble Luke Nolan Adrian C Bateman James P Byrne Jamie J Kelly Ian S Bailey Donna M Sharland Charlotte N Rees Timothy J Iveson Tim J Underwood Andrew R Bateman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 4 |
| 8 | Random checkerboard based homogenization for estimating effective thermal conductivity of fully saturated soils显示文摘This paper proposes homogenization scheme for estimating the effective thermal conductivity of fully saturated soils. This approach is based on the random checkerboard-like microstructure. Two modeling scales and two modeling approaches are distinguished and used, i.e. microscale and mesoscale and 1-step and 2-step homogenizations, respectively. The 2-step homogenization involves sequential averaging procedure, i.e. first, at microscale, a mineralogical composition of soil skeleton is considered and averaging process results in estimation of the skeleton effective thermal conductivity, and then, at mesoscale, a random spatial packing of solid skeleton and pores via random checkerboard microstructure is modeled and leads to evaluation of the soil overall thermal conductivity. The 1-step homogenization starts directly at the mesoscale and homogenization procedure yields evaluation of the overall soil thermal conductivity. At the mesoscale, the distinct nature of soil skeleton, as composed of soil separates,is considered and random variability of soil is modeled via enriched random checkerboard-like structure.Both approaches, i.e. 1-step and 2-step homogenizations, interrelate mineralogical composition with the soil texture characterized by the volume fractions of soil separates, i.e. sand, silt and clay. The probability density functions(PDFs) of thermal conductivity are assumed for each of the separates. The soil texture PDF of thermal conductivity is derived taking into consideration the aforementioned functions. Whenever the random checkerboard-like structure is used in averaging process, the Monte Carlo procedure is applied for estimation of homogenized thermal conductivity. Finally, the proposed methodology is tested against the laboratory data from our measurements as well as those available from literature. | Dariusz Lydzba Adrian Rózanski Magdalena Rajczakowska Damian Stefaniuk | 2017 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2017，9，1： | 4 |
| 9 | Imaging of liver cancer显示文摘Improvements in imaging technology allow exploitation of the dual blood supply of the liver to aid in the identif ication and characterisation of both malignant and benign liver lesions. Imaging techniques available include contrast enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This review discusses the application of several imaging techniques in the diagnosis and staging of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and outlines certain characteristics of benign liver lesions. The advantages of each imaging technique are highlighted, while underscoring the potential pitfalls and limitations of each imaging modality. | Ben Ariff Claire R Lloyd Sameer Khan Mohamed Shariff Andrew V Thillainayagam Devinder S Bansi Shahid A Khan Simon D Taylor-Robinson Adrian KP Lim | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 4 |
| 10 | Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics显示文摘 | R J Adrian | 1991 | Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics1991，，： | 3 |
| 11 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Can the noninvasive diagnostic testing identify high risk patients?显示文摘Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death(SCD) in the young, particularly among athletes. Identifying high risk individuals is very important for SCD prevention. The purpose of this review is to stress that noninvasive diagnostic testing is important for risk assessment. Extreme left ventricular hypertrophy and documented ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation increase the risk of SCD. Fragmented QRS and T wave inversion in multiple leads are more common in high risk patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides complete visualization of the left ventricular chamber, allowing precise localization of the distribution of hypertrophy and measurement of wall thickness and cardiac mass. Moreover, with late gadolinium enhancement, patchy myocardial fibrosis within the area of hypertrophy can be detected, which is also helpful in risk stratification. Genetic testing is encouraged in all cases, especially in those with a family history of HCM and SCD. | Li Zhang Obinna Mmagu Liwen Liu Dayuan Li Yuxin Fan Adrian Baranchuk Peter R Kowey | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 3 |
| 12 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions显示文摘 | Elizabeth M Brunt Christine G Janney Adrian M Di Bisceglie Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri Bruce R Bacon | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，9： | 3 |
| 13 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions显示文摘 | Elizabeth M Brunt Christine G Janney Adrian M Di Bisceglie Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri Bruce R Bacon | 1999 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology1999，，9： | 2 |
| 15 | Interaction between castanospermine an immunosuppressant and cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A(Cs A) and to provide an explanation for it.METHODS: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation and mixed lymphocyte reactivity were done using genetically inbred strains of PVG(donor) and DA(recipient). For the mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulator cells were irradiated with 3000 rads using a linear accelerator. Cyclosporin A was administered by gavage and venous blood collected 2 h later(C_2). The blood levels of Cs A(Neoral) were measured by immunoassay which consisted of a homogeneous enzyme assay(EMIT) on Cobas Mira. Statistical analyses of interactions were done by an acceleratedfailure time model with Weibull distribution for allograft survival and logistic regression for the mixed lymphocyte reactivity.RESULTS: Castanospermine prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose even at relatively low doses. Cyclosporin A also prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose particularly at doses above 2 mg/kg. There were synergistic interactions between castanospermine and Cs A in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival for dose ranges of Cs A by castanospermine of(0 to 2) mg/kg by(0 to 200) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) and(0 to 3) mg/kg by(0 to 100) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) respectively. The addition of castanospermine did not significantly increase the levels of cyclosporin A on day 3 or day 6 for all doses of Cs A. On the contrary, cessation of castanospermine in the presence of Cs A at 2 mg/kg significantly increased the Cs A level(P = 0.002). Castanospermine inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactivity in a dose dependent manner but without synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: There is synergistic interaction between castanospermine and Cs A in rat cardiac transplantation. Neither the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor the metabolism of Cs A provides an explanation. | Adrian D Hibberd David A Clark Paul R Trevillian Patrick Mcelduff | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 2 |
| 16 | 轮胎用橡胶的发展显示文摘 | Rüdiger Engehausen Adrian Rawlinson Jürgen Trimbach 涂学忠 | 2002 | 轮胎工业2002，22，9： | 2 |
| 17 | Anaerobic treatment of pinkwater in a fluidized bed reactor containing GAC 显示文摘 | Maloney S W Adrian N R Hickey R F | 2002 | J Hazard Mater2002，92，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Anaerobic treatment of pinkwater in a fluidized bed reactor containing GAC显示文摘 | MALONEY S W ADRIAN N R HICKEY R F | 2002 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2002，92，： | 1 |
| 19 | Three-dimensional vortex organization in a high-Reynolds-number supersonic turbulent boundary layer显示文摘 | Elsinga G E Adrian R J Van Oudheusden B W | 2010 | J Fluid Mech2010，644，： | 1 |
| 20 | Die Diagnostik Von Adenovirus-Infektio nen显示文摘 | Wigand R Th Adrian | 1985 | Intemist1985，26，： | 1 |
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