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| 1 | Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL). METHODS: Whole body MRI and 1H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs. | E Louise Thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert D Goldin Gary Frost Jimmy D Bell Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 13 |
| 2 | 南澳岛青澳湾沉积物粒度与烧失量指示的全新世沉积环境变化显示文摘通过对粤东南澳岛青澳湾NA6、NA9号钻孔剖面的岩性、粒度和烧失量特征进行综合分析,结合AMS14 C测年结果,讨论了该地区8 500cal.aBP以来沉积环境的演变过程。结果显示,烧失量反映的有机碳变化与沉积物粒度组分有十分密切的关系,表明海岸带水动力条件的改变与陆源有机碳的富集有关。潮下带淤泥沉积以及滨岸的!湖沉积较有利于有机碳的富集。相反,砂质堆积的有机碳含量较低,与高能的海浪作用有关。钻孔研究表明,该区沉积环境演变主要受全新世海平面变化的控制:8 500~5 500cal.aBP为海平面快速上升期,研究区被海水所淹没为潮下带沉积,沉积物中发现许多完整的近岸海相软体动物,且有机碳含量较高;5 500~3 000cal.aBP为砂质沉积,潮间带砂坪表明海平面稳定或略有下降;3 000~1 300cal.aBP水下沙坝-沙丘沉积,海平面基本稳定在现今高度;1 300cal.aBP以后为湖沉积,最后在洪积物冲积的堆积作用和海退下形成平原。 | 杨冰洁 余凤玲 郑卓 陈碧珊 Adam D Switzer | 2015 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2015，35，6： | 9 |
| 3 | Dissecting the dendritic cell controversy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘增加内长的 T 房间免疫的治疗学的疫苗依靠树枝状的房间(DC ) 的 stimulatory 能力。在长期的肝炎 B 的 DC 的功能病毒(HBV ) 感染是长期的争论。因此,我们试图总结在长期的 HBV 病人调查 DC 功能决定普通观察是否能被拉的多重研究。我们发现测试 vivo 的 myeloid 和 plasmacytoid DC 大部分是的前的频率和功能在有 HBV 感染的病人未经触动、类似于那些健康施主 DC。主要例外是减少的 IFN-α由从长期的 HBV 病人的 plasmacytoid DC 的生产。这减少的 IFN-α生产在多重研究然而并非与病毒的负担与肝发炎相关,建议病毒的抗原有 DC 功能上的小效果。关于 DC 功能的混乱的多数从报导在 vitro 暴露于 HBV 的各种各样的来源的健康施主 DC 的减少的功能的研究产生。病毒的抗原的这些直接效果与从感染 HBV 的病人的数据相对照。在试金的变化使用了。 | Adam J. Gehring June Ann D'Angelo | 2015 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2015，12，3： | 7 |
| 4 | 局部应用马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤显示文摘局部应用β受体阻滞剂非处方药物马来酸噻吗洛尔眼药水治疗婴幼儿血管瘤(IH),目前已经成为口服普萘洛尔治疗IH的有益补充。但是,关于其疗效及安全性的大样本研究尚未开展。该文旨在回顾噻吗洛尔的疗效,并对用药后产生的副作用进行评估。 | Püttgen K Lucky A Adams D | 2016 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2016，14，5： | 7 |
| 5 | Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents显示文摘AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life. | Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 6 |
| 6 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Assessment of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic complications of diabetes显示文摘The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing; arguably as a consequence of changes in diet, lifestyle and the trend towards urbanization. Unsurprisingly, the incidence of both micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mirrors this increasing prevalence. Amongst the complications with the highest symptom burden, yet frequently under-diagnosed and sub-optimally treated, is diabetic autonomic neuropathy, itself potentially resulting in cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal(GI) tract dysmotility. The aims of this review are fourfold. Firstly to provide an overview of the pathophysiological processes that cause diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Secondly, to discuss both the established and emerging cardiometric methods for evaluating autonomic nervous system function in vivo. Thirdly, to examine the tools for assessing pan-GI and segmental motility and finally, we will provide the reader with a summary of putative non-invasive biomarkers that provide a pathophysiological link between lowgrade neuro inflammation and diabetes, which may allow earlier diagnosis and intervention, which in future may improve patient outcomes. | Christina Brock Birgitte Brock Anne Grave Pedersen Asbjorn Mohr Drewes Niels Jessen Adam D Farmer | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，16： | 5 |
| 8 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 9 | 银鲫IgM的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备显示文摘Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia was a serious infectious disease occurred in China.The majority harmed fish was crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio).It was reported that immune prevention was the effect measure to prevent this disease using A.hydrophila bacterin.So it is necessary to develop monoclonal antibody(McAb) against the IgM from Crucian carp.In this study,the purification of serum immunoglobulin from Crucian carp was carried out by using Goat IgG Agarose.The concentration of purified IgM was 2.5 mg·mL-1.By using hybridoma-monoclonal antibody technology,hybridoma cell line secreted McAb against the IgM from crucian carp had been established and the characteristics of mab8 had been described.In isotyping analysis,the results showed that it belong to IgG1,it was able to recognize the heavy chain of the IgM on western blot,and did not has any cross reaction with the Ig from 19 different fish species including common carp(Cyprinus carpio),bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis),grass carp(Ctenopharhyngodon idella) and bream(Abramis brama) etc.The results demonstrated that McAb was highly specific and sensitive to the Ig of Crucian carp,and had the great potential to be used for analyzing the structure of crucian carp IgM,monitoring the immunity level of cultured Crucian carp and pathogen diagnosis. | 沈锦玉 Thompson K D Adams A Galina Jeney 钱冬 沈智华 | 2006 | 水产学报2006，30，3： | 4 |
| 10 | Characterisation and seasonal variations of particles in the atmosphere of rural, urban and industrial areas:Organic compounds显示文摘Atmospheric aerosol samples(PM_(2.5–0.3), i.e., atmospheric particles ranging from 0.3 to2.5 μm) were collected during two periods: spring–summer 2008 and autumn–winter 2008–2009, using high volume samplers equipped with cascade impactors. Two sites located in the Northern France were compared in this study: a highly industrialised city(Dunkirk) and a rural site(Rubrouck). Physicochemical analysis of particulate matter(PM) was undertaken to propose parameters that could be used to distinguish the various sources and to exhibit seasonal variations but also to provide knowledge of chemical element composition for the interpretation of future toxicological studies. The study showed that PM2.5–0.3concentration in the atmosphere of the rural area remains stable along the year and was significantly lower than in the urban or industrial ones, for which concentrations increase during winter.High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs), generated by industrial activities, traffic and municipal wastes incineration were detected in the samples. Specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index(CPI) and Combustion PAHs/Total PAHs ratio(CPAHs/TPAHs) were used to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution. They revealed that paraffins are mainly emitted by biogenic sources in spring–summer whereas as in the case of PAHs, they have numerous anthropogenic emission sources in autumn-winter(mainly from traffic and domestic heating). | Fabrice Cazier Paul Genevray Dorothée Dewaele Habiba Nouali Anthony Verdin Frédéric Ledoux Adam Hachimi Lucie Courcot Sylvain Billet Saad Bouhsina Pirouz Shirali Guillaume Garcon Dominique Courcot | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016，28，6： | 4 |
| 11 | Preoperative immunonutrition in patients undergoing liver resection:A prospective randomized trial显示文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative supplementation with immunonutrients, including arginine and n-3 fatty acids, has been shown in a number of systematic reviews to reduce infectious complications in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Limited information, however, is available on the benefits of nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids in patients undergoing liver resection.AIM To evaluate the effects of preoperative nutritional supplementation enriched with arginine and n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and immunologic markers and clinical outcome in patients undergoing liver resection.METHODS Thirty-four patients undergoing liver resection were randomized to either five days of preoperative Impact? [1020 kcal/d, immunonutrition(IMN) group], or standard care [no supplementation, standard care(STD) group]. Nutritional status was measured at study entry by subjective global assessment(SGA).Functional assessments(grip strength, fatigue and performance status) were carried out at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and on postoperative day(POD) 7 and 30. Inflammatory and immune markers were measured at study entry, on the day prior to surgery, and POD 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 30. Postoperative complications were recorded prospectively until POD30.RESULTS A total of 32 patients(17 IMN and 15 STD) were analysed. All except four patients were SGA class A. The plasma ratio of(eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid) to arachidonic acid was higher in IMN patients on the day prior to surgery and POD 1, 3, 5 and 7(P < 0.05). Plasma interleukin(IL)-6 concentrations were elevated in the IMN group(P = 0.017 for POD7). No treatment effect was detected for functional measures, immune response(white cell count and total lymphocytes) or markers of inflammation(C-reactive protein,tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-8, IL-10). There were 10 patients with infectious complications in the IMN group and 4 in the STD group(P = 0.087). Median hospital stay was 9(range 4–49) d in the IMN group and 8(3-34) d in the STD group(P = 0.476).CONCLUSION In well-nourished patients undergoing elective liver resection, this study failed to show any benefit of preoperative immunonutrition. | Kylie Russell Han-Guang Zhang Lyn K GillANDers Adam SJR Bartlett Helena L Fisk Philip C Calder Peter J Swan Lindsay D Plank | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，3： | 3 |
| 12 | The location of defects in structures from measurements of natural frequencies显示文摘 | Cawley P Adams R D | | 0，，02： | 2 |
| 13 | White matter hyperintensity progression is associated with incident probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment显示文摘Background White matter hyperintensity(WMH)on brain MRI is associated with developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment(MCI),but WMH progression over time has not been fully investigated as an independent risk factor.Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial-Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension(SPRINT MIND)trial.The primary outcome was incident probable dementia or MCI(dementia/MCI)before the follow-up MRI at 48 months from enrolment.The primary predictor was WMH progression,defined as the Z score difference between the follow-up and baseline WMH volumes.The secondary predictor was a binary WMH progression threshold(≥1.4 mL vs<1.4 mL).Results Among the 433 included patients,33(7.6%)developed dementia/MCI.There were 156(36.0%)patients who met the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL,in whom the rate of dementia/MCI was 12.8%(20/156)vs 4.7%(13/277)of patients with<1.4 mL WMH progression(p=0.002).In multivariable logistic regression,the Z score of WMH progression was associated with dementia/MCI(OR 1.51,95%CI 1.12 to 2.04,p=0.007)as was the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL(OR 2.89,95%CI 1.23 to 6.81,p=0.015).Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND,WMH progression over 48 months was associated with the development of probable dementia or MCI. | Adam de Havenon Kevin N Sheth Sharon D Yeatts Tanya N Turan Shyam Prabhakaran | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，4： | 2 |
| 14 | 责任制医疗照护机构——美国的经验与教训显示文摘Hugh Alderwick与同事强调:英国国家健康体系(NHS)的政策制定者应实事求是地看待新型医疗保健模式带来的潜在收益。英格兰国家健康体系(NHS)决策圈都在谈论源自美国的一个新概念——责任制医疗照护机构(ACOs)。英格兰NHS和卫生部长认为ACO(s以及相关的责任制医疗体系)是改进NHS服务的重要途径。 | Hugh Alderwick Stephen M Shortell Adam D M Briggs Elliott S Fisher 周红霞(译) 肖月(校) | 2019 | 中国医院院长2019，0，12： | 2 |
| 15 | Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in patients with moderate to severe erosive esophagitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the proportion of patients with moderate-severe erosive esophagitis (EE) who will have Barrett's esophagus (BE) after healing of inflammation. METHODS: Patients with EE of Los Angeles (LA) class B, C and D who underwent follow-up endoscopy documenting complete mucosal healing. RESULTS: A total of 86/169 patients were suspected of having BE (38 before healing and 48 after healing of EE) and, 46/86 eventually had the histological confirmation. At index esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD), BE was suspected in 38/169 (22%), and ultimately, histologically confirmed in 20 of these. In 11 patients where biopsies were performed in the presence of inflammation, BE was detected in 2 and missed in 5 (including 2 dysplasias). In 131/169 patients (77.5%), BE was not suspected at index EGD. After healing of EE though, 48 patients had suspicion of BE who underwent biopsies, and in 26 of these histology was positive for BE. The length of inflammation had a linear correlation with the length of BE (P = 0.01). Out of multiple variables to predict BE, only the suspicion at index endoscopy was statistically significant (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: BE was seen in 46/169 (27%) patients with EE of LA class B, C and D. The length of EE can predict the length of underlying BE segment.Even when suspected, BE and associated dysplasia can be missed in the presence of inflammation; therefore, repeat evaluation should be considered after complete healing of esophagitis. | Nooman Gilani Richard D Gerkin Francisco C Ramirez Shahina Hakim Adam C Randolph | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 2 |
| 16 | Effects of Ionic Strength, Temperature, and pH on Degradation of Selected Antibiotics显示文摘 | Loftin Keith A Adams Craig D Meyer Michael T Surampalli Rao | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Quality2008，，2： | 2 |
| 17 | Principal component analysis of dissolution data with missing elements显示文摘 | Adams E Walczak B Vervaet C Risha P G Massart D L | 1997 | Chemometrics and intelligent aboratory systems1997，，32： | 2 |
| 18 | Survival after inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry显示文摘AIM: To investigate the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-associated CRC) compared to that of individuals without IBD diagnosed with CRC. METHODS: Epidemiologic, clinical, and follow-up data were obtained from the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Colon CFR). IBD-associated cases were identified from self-report of physician diagnosis. For a subset of participants, medical records were examined to confirm self-report of IBD. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95%CI of mortality, comparing IBD-associated to non-IBD-associated CRC, adjusted for age at CRC diagnosis, sex, Colon CFR phase, and number of prior endoscopies. Following imputation to complete CRC stage information, adjustment for CRC stage was examined. RESULTS: A total of 7202 CRC cases, including 250 cases of IBD-associated CRC, were analyzed. Over a twelve year follow-up period following CRC diagnosis, 2013 and 74 deaths occurred among non-IBD associated CRC and IBD-associated CRC patients, respectively. The difference in survival between IBD-associated and non-IBD CRC cases was not statistically significant (aHR = 1.08; 95%CI: 0.85-1.36). However, the assumption of proportional hazards necessary for valid inference from Cox regression was not met over the entire follow-up period, and we therefore limited analyses to within five years after CRC diagnosis when the assumption of proportional hazards was met. Over this period, there was evidence of worse prognosis for IBD-associated CRC (aHR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.05-1.76). Results were similar when adjusted for CRC stage, or restricted to IBD confirmed in medical records. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that IBD-associated CRC has a worse prognosis than non-IBD-associated CRC. | Scott V Adams Dennis J Ahnen John A Baron Peter T Campbell Steven Gallinger William M Grady Loic LeMarchand Noralane M Lindor John D Potter Polly A Newcomb | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 2 |
| 19 | 第一个三代口服头孢菌素——头孢克肟(世福素Ccfixime)显示文摘 | 李忠思 Adam,D | 2000 | 白云医药2000，，4： | 2 |
| 20 | The epidemiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Adam P Levene Robert D Goldin | 2012 | Histopathology2012，，2： | 2 |
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