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| 1 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.Few challenges arise in reaching an accurate diagnosis in light of such physiological changes.Laboratory test results should be carefully interpreted and the knowledge of what normal changes to expect is prudent to avoid clinical misjudgment.Other challenges entail the methods of treatment and their safety for both the mother and the baby.This review summarizes liver diseases that are not unique to pregnancy.We focus on viral hepatitis and its mode of transmission,diagnosis,effect on the pregnancy,the mother,the infant,treatment,and breast-feeding.Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Wilson’s disease,Budd Chiari and portal vein thrombosis in pregnancy are also discussed.Pregnancy is rare in patients with cirrhosis because of the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with cirrhosis.Variceal bleeding can happen in up to 38%of cirrhotic pregnant women.Management of portal hypertension during pregnancy is discussed.Pregnancy increases the pathogenicity leading to an increase in the rate of gallstones.We discuss some of the interventions for gallstones in pregnancy if symptoms arise.Finally,we provide an overview of some of the options in managing hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 17 |
| 2 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.This review summarizes liver diseases that are unique to pregnancy.We discuss clinical conditions that are seen only in pregnant women and involve the liver;from Hyperemesis Gravidarum that happens in 1out of 200 pregnancies and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy(0.5%-1.5%prevalence),to the more frequent condition of preeclampsia(10%prevalence)and its severe form;hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and a low platelet count syndrome(12%of pregnancies with preeclampsia),to the rare entity of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy(incidence of 1 per 7270 to 13000deliveries).Although pathogeneses behind the development of these aliments are not fully understood,theories have been proposed.Some propose the special physiological changes that accompany pregnancy as a precipitant.Others suggest a constellation of factors including both the mother and her fetus that come together to trigger those unique conditions.Reaching a timely and accurate diagnosis of such conditions can be challenging.The timing of the condition in relation toward which trimester it starts at is a key.Accurate diagnosis can be made using specific clinical findings and blood tests.Some entities have well-defined criteria that help not only in making the diagnosis,but also in classifying the disease according to its severity.Management of these conditions range from simple medical remedies to measures such as immediate termination of the pregnancy.In specific conditions,it is prudent to have expert obstetric and medical specialists teaming up to help improve the outcomes. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 10 |
| 3 | On Jordan generalized derivations in rings显示文摘 | ASHRAF M REHMAN N | 2000 | Okayama Univ Math J2000，42，： | 1 |
| 4 | On Lie ideals and Jordan generalized derivations of prime rings显示文摘 | ASHRAF M REHMAN N ALI S | 2003 | Indian J Pure and Appl Math2003，34，： | 1 |
| 5 | Recent developments in biodegradation of industrial pollutants by white rot fungi and their enzymesystem显示文摘 | ASGHER M BHATTI H N ASHRAF M | 2008 | Biodegradation2008，19，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Recent developments in biodegradation of industrial pollutants by white rot fungi and their enzyme system显示文摘 | ASGHER M BHATTI H N ASHRAF M | 2008 | Biodegradation2008，19，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Microstructure and theology of an acid-coagulated cheese(Karish)made with an exopolysaceharide-produeing Streptococcus thermophilus strain and its exopolysaccharide non-producing genetic variant显示文摘 | Ashraf N H Milena C Joseph F F | 2004 | Journal of Dairy Research2004，71，： | 1 |
| 8 | Oxidized high-density lipoprotein inhibits platelet activation and aggregation via scavenger receptor BI显示文摘 | Valiyaveettil M Kar N Ashraf MZ | 2008 | Blood2008，111，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Use of machine vision to sort tomato seedlings for grafting robot显示文摘 | Ashraf M A Kondo N Tomoo S | 2011 | Engineering in Agriculture Environment and Food2011，4，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Optimization of ultrasonic-as- sisted extraction of natural antioxidants from rice bran using response surface methodology 显示文摘 | REZA T ASHRAF N | 2011 | Ultrasonics Sonoehemistry2011，18，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Functional Brain Imaging Alterations in Acne Patients Treated With Isotretinoin 显示文摘 | Bremner DJ Fani N Ashraf A | 2005 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2005，162，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Impact of desalination plants brine injection wells on coastal aquifers显示文摘 | MOHAMED K K N REDA M E ASHRAF H M G | 2008 | Environment Geology2008，54，3： | 1 |
| 13 | A particle swarm- based genetic algorithm for scheduling in an agile environment 显示文摘 | LOTFI K G SHERIFA M ASHRAF O N | 2008 | Computers & Industrial Engineering2008，55，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity report of three cases with review of the literature 显示文摘 | Ashraf M J Azarpira N Khademi B | 2013 | lran Red Crescent Med2013，15，4： | 1 |
| 15 | A clinico- pathologic study of 82 intraoral minor salivary glandtumors显示文摘 | Jaafari-Ashkavandi Z Ashraf MJ Afandak N | 2011 | Iran Red Crescent Med J2011，13，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Improving salinity tolerance of plants through conventional breeding and genetic engineering:an analytical comparison显示文摘 | ASHRAF M AKRAM N A | 2009 | Biotechnology Advances2009，27，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of natural antioxidants from rice bran using response surface methodology 显示文摘 | Reza T Ashraf N | | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry0，18，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Radiation therapy for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis acutely after elbow trauma: a prospective randomized study 显示文摘 | HamidN Ashraf N Bosse MJ | 2010 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2010，92，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Process of p-xylene production by highly selective methylation of toluene显示文摘 | Ashraf M Chebbi R Darwish N | 2013 | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research2013，52，13： | 1 |
| 20 | Extramedullary plasmacy- toma of the nasal cavity report of three cases with review of the lit- erature显示文摘 | Ashraf MJ Azarpira N Khademi B | 2013 | Iran Red Crescent MedJ2013，15，4： | 1 |
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