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| 1 | 针刺临床试验干预措施报告标准修订版:CONSORT声明的扩展显示文摘'针刺临床试验干预措施报告标准'(Standards,for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture,STRICTA)于2001年和2002年在5种期刊上发表。该指南以对照试验检查清单及解释的形式供作者和期刊编辑使用,旨在提高针刺临床试验报告的质量,尤其是对其中干预措施的报告,因而有助于对这些试验的解释和重复。随后对STRICTA的应用及影响的述评都强调了STRICTA的价值,也提出了改进和修订的建议。为使修订过程顺利进地,STRICTA工作组、CONSORT工作组和中国Cochrane中心于2008年开始合作,召集成立的包含47名成员的专家小组对清单的修改稿提出了电子版反馈意见。在后来于弗莱堡(Freiburg)召开的见面会上,由21名专家组成的工作组进一步修订了STRICTA对照检查清单,并计划如何对其进行发布。新的STRICTA对照检查清单作为CONSORT的正式扩展版,包含6项条目及17条二级条目。这些条目为报告针刺治疗的合理性、针刺的细节、治疗方案、其他干预措施、治疗师的背景以及对照或对照干预提供了指南。而且,作为修订工作的一部分,对每一条目作了详尽解释,并针对每一条目给出了良好报告的实例。此外,STRICTA中的'对照'(controlled)一词被替换成了'临床'(clinical),以示STRICTA适用于更广泛的各类临床评价设计,包括非对照结局研究和病例报道。修订的STRICTA对照检查清单有望与CONSORT声明及其非药物治疗扩展版一起共同提高针刺临床试验的报告质量。 | Hugh MacPherson Douglas G.Altman Richard Hammerschlag 李幼平 吴泰相 Adrian White David Moher 代表STRICTA修订版工作组 刘建平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，10： | 126 |
| 2 | 基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法显示文摘当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。 | 何萍 金继运 Mirasol F.Pampolino Adrian M.Johnston | 2012 | 植物营养与肥料学报2012，18，2： | 95 |
| 3 | 成年人肺结核病的非生物危险因素病例对照研究显示文摘目的 探讨影响成年人患肺结核病的非生物危险因素。方法 采用 1∶2配比病例对照研究 ,选取 15 8例 2 5~ 6 0岁的涂阳肺结核病患者作为病例组 ,每个病例选取 2名与其住所相邻、同性别、同年龄组的正常人作为对照 ;制定统一的调查表进行入户调查 ;采用单因素和多因素条件logistic回归进行统计分析。结果 单因素分析有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )的变量有婚姻状况、文化程度、个体经营、吸烟、外出打工史、家庭年收入、家庭收入在社区的水平、家庭财产 ;多因素分析进入模型的有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )的变量为婚姻状况、个体经营、吸烟、家庭财产、外出打工史 ,其OR值分别为2 .82 6、2 .35 0、1.5 36、0 .70 7、2 .0 96。结论 单身、吸烟、个体经营、有外出打工史是肺结核病的危险因素 ,家庭经济条件好是肺结核病的保护因素 ;在结核病控制工作实践中 ,采取相应的针对性措施有助于结核病的疫情控制。 | 王国杰 Adrian Sleigh 周刚 Sukhan Jackson 刘禧礼 | 2005 | 中华流行病学杂志2005，26，2： | 55 |
| 4 | 针刺临床试验干预措施报告标准的修订:CONSORT声明的扩展显示文摘'针刺临床试验干预措施报告标准'(STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture,STRICTA)于2001年和2002年在5种期刊上发表。该指南以对照检查清单及解释的形式供作者和期刊编辑使用,旨在提高针刺临床试验报告的质量,尤其是对其中干预措施的报告,因而有助于对这些试验的解释和重复。随后对STRICTA的应用及影响的述评都强调了STRICTA的价值,也提出了改进和修订的建议。为使修订过程顺利进行,STRICTA工作组、CONSORT工作组和中国Cochrane中心于2008年开始合作。召集成立的有47名成员的专家组对清单的修改稿提出了电子版反馈意见。在后来于弗莱堡(Freiburg)召开的见面会上,由21名专家组成的工作组进一步修订了STRICTA对照检查清单,并计划如何对其进行发布。新的STRICTA对照检查清单作为CONSORT的正式扩展版,包含6项条目及17条二级条目。这些条目为报告针刺治疗的合理性、针刺的细节、治疗方案、其他干预措施、治疗师的背景以及对照或对照干预提供了指南。而且,作为修订工作的一部分,对每一条目作了详尽解释,并针对每一条目给出了报告良好的实例。此外,STRICTA中的'对照'(controlled)一词被替换成了'临床'(clinical),以示STRICTA适用于更广泛的各类临床评价设计,包括非对照结局研究和病例报道。修订的STRICTA对照检查清单有望与CONSORT声明及其非药物治疗扩展版一起共同提高针刺临床试验的报告质量。 | Hugh MacPherson Douglas G Altman Richard Hammerschlag 李幼平 吴泰相 Adrian White David Moher 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，9： | 33 |
| 5 | Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease显示文摘Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st century.Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is by no means an inevitable consequence of growing old.Several lifestyle factors may increase,or reduce,an individual’s risk of developing AD.Much has been written over the ages about the benefits of exercise and physical activity.Among the risk factors associated with AD is a low level of physical activity.The relationship between physical and mental health was established several years ago.In this review,we discuss the role of exercise(aerobic and resistance)training as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of AD.Older adults who exercise are more likely to maintain cognition.We address the main protective mechanism on brain function modulated by physical exercise by examining both human and animal studies.We will pay especial attention to the potential role of exercise in the modulation of amyloid b turnover,inflammation,synthesis and release of neurotrophins,and improvements in cerebral blood flow.Promoting changes in lifestyle in presymptomatic and predementia disease stages may have the potential for delaying one-third of dementias worldwide.Multimodal interventions that include the adoption of an active lifestyle should be recommended for older populations. | Adrian De la Rosa Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez Coralie Arc-Chagnaud Fernando Millan Andrea Salvador-Pascual Consolacion Garcıa-Lucerga Cristina Blasco-Lafarga Esther Garcia-Dominguez Aitor Carretero Angela G.Correas Jose Vina Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，5： | 32 |
| 6 | Helicobacter pylori vs coronary heart disease-searching for connections显示文摘In this review,we discussed the findings and concepts underlying the potential role of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infections in the initiation,development or persistence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease(CHD).This Gram-negative bacterium was described by Marshall and Warren in 1984.The majority of infected subjects carries and transmits H.pylori with no symptoms; however,in some individuals these bacteria may cause peptic ulcers,and even gastric cancers.The widespread prevalence of H.pylori infections and the fact that frequently they remain asymptomatic may suggest that,similarly to intestinal microflora,H.pylori may deliver antigens that stimulate not only local,but also systemic inflammatory response.Recently,possible association between H.pylori infection and extragastric disorders has been suggested.Knowledge on the etiology of atherosclerosis together with current findings in the area of H.pylori infections constitute the background for the newly proposed hypothesis that those two processes may be related.Many research studies confirm the indirect association between the prevalence of H.pylori and the occurrence of CHD.According to majority of findings the involvement of H.pylori in this process is based on the chronic inflammation which might facilitate the CHDrelated pathologies.It needs to be elucidated,if the infection initiates or just accelerates the formation of atheromatous plaque. | Magdalena Chmiela Adrian Gajewski Karolina Rudnicka | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，4： | 33 |
| 7 | 外出打工者肺结核病危险因素分析显示文摘目的 分析外出打工者肺结核病危险因素。方法 采用病例对照研究,选取51名近3年具有外出打工史的25~60岁的涂阳肺结核病人为病例组,同时从病例住所左右邻居中选取57名年龄在25~60岁之间、近3年有外出打工史的健康人作对照;制定统一的调查表进行入户调查;采用非条件Logistic回归进行分析。结果单因素分析显示,有统计学意义(P〈0.05)的因素有工作场所条件不舒适、每天工作时间较长(〉8h)、每周无休息日、不能按时吃饭,以及婚姻史中的单身、不良嗜好中的吸烟2个因素。其OR值分别为4.80,4.56。3.96。3.94,4.53,2.72;多因索分析进入模型的因素(P〈0.05)有工作场所条件不舒适、每天工作时间较长(〉8h)、每周无休息日以及婚姻史中的单身,其OR值分别为3.82.4.45,3.30,5.61。结论工作场所条件不舒适、每天工作时间超过8h、每周没有休息日是外出打工者肺结核病的危险因素;改善打工者的工作环境、维护打工者的合法休息时间,有助于保障外出打工者的身体健康及结核病疫情的控制。 | 王国杰 Adrian Sleigh Sukhan Jackson 刘禧礼 | 2006 | 中国公共卫生2006，22，2： | 27 |
| 8 | New ultrasound techniques for lymph node evaluation显示文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)is the recommended imaging method for lymph node(LN)diseases with the advantages of high resolution,real time evaluation and relative low costs.Current indications of transcutaneous ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound include the detection and characterization of lymph nodes and the guidance for LN biopsy.Recent advances in US technology,such as contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CE-EUS),and real time elastography show potential to improve the accuracy of US for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes.In addition,CEUS and CE-EUS have been also used for the guidance of fine needle aspiration and assessment of treatment response.Complementary to size criteria,CEUS could also be used to evaluate response of tumor angiogenesis to anti-angiogenic therapies.In this paper we review current literature regarding evaluation of lymphadenopathy by new and innovative US techniques. | Xin-Wu Cui Christian Jenssen Adrian Saftoiu Andre Ignee Christoph F Dietrich | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 25 |
| 9 | 河南省农村家庭经济条件与肺结核病之间的关系研究显示文摘目的:探讨农村家庭经济条件与肺结核发病的关系及在DOTS化疗管理、免费诊断和治疗策略下,肺结核对病人家庭经济条件的影响。方法:首先,选取160例新发初治涂阳肺结核病人作为病例,每个病例选取2名与病例住所相邻、同性别和同年龄组的正常人作为对照组,采用发病前的家庭年收入与家庭财产2项指标衡量家庭经济条件,进行1:2配对病例对照研究;然后,对选取的所有病例进行随访收集有关费用;应用OR值及其95%的可信区间来估计其相对危险度;采用平均每例病人的家庭费用及其占家庭年收入的百分比来衡量结核病对家庭经济条件的影响。结果:160例肺结核病人发病前家庭年收入和家庭财产位于上等水平的分别占28.1%和25.6%,位于中等水平的分别占42.5%和35.6%,位于下等水平的分别占29.4%和38.8%,320例对照组同期的家庭年收入和家庭财产位于上等水平的分别占34.7%和37.2%,位于中等水平的分别占42.8%和33.1%,位于下等水平的分别占22.5%和29.7%;以上等水平作参照,单因素条件Logistic回归分析,家庭年收入的中等和下等OR值及其95%的可信区间分别为1.6(1.1￣2.8)和2.3(1.2￣4.4),家庭财产的中等和下等OR值及其95%的可信区间分别为1.7(1.1￣2.8)和2.1(1.3￣3.6),采用多因素条件Logistic回归分析后,家庭财产仍具有统计学意义,且OR值仍随着家庭经济条件水平的降低而增高,趋势性检验P值均小于0.05;肺结核病人家庭的直接费用平均为2772.0元,占平均病人家庭年收入的55.5%。我国结核病控制项目治疗下病人家庭的直接费用平均为2504.0元,占病人家庭年收入的50.1%;其他国家结核病控制项目治疗下病人家庭的直接费用平均为3360.0元,占病人家庭年收入的67.3%。结论:虽然,我国经济取得了快速发展,人民生活水平大幅度提高,但农村家庭经济条件差仍是肺结核病的重要危险因素,在实施DOTS策略及免费诊断和治疗策略下,肺结核病人家庭经济负担有所减轻,然而,肺结核病仍给病人家庭造成了沉重的经济负担,使原来本已贫困的家庭雪上加霜。 | 王国杰 刘靖恒 Adrian Sleigh Sukhan Jackson 杜长梅 刘禧礼 | 2006 | 中国卫生经济2006，25，3： | 25 |
| 10 | Prognostic significance of tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy:Novel insights and future perspectives in gastric cancer显示文摘Despite a decrease in gastric cancer incidence, the development of novel biologic agents and combined therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of gastric cancer remains poor. Recently, the introduction of modern immunotherapy, especially using immune checkpoint inhibitors, led to an improved prognosis in many cancers. The use of immunotherapy was also associated with manageable adverse event profiles and promising results in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer, especially in heavily pretreated patients. These data have led to an accelerated approval of some checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Understanding the complex relationship between the host immune microenvironment and tumor and the immune escape phenomenon leading to cancer occurrence and progression will subsequently lead to the identification of prognostic immune markers. Furthermore, this understanding will result in the discovery of both new mechanisms for blocking tumor immunosuppressive signals and pathways to stimulate the local immune response by targeting and modulating different subsets of immune cells. Due to the molecular heterogeneity of gastric cancers associated with differentclinico-biologic parameters, immune markers expression and prognosis, novel immunotherapy algorithms should be personalized and addressed to selected subsets of gastric tumors, which have been proven to elicit the best clinical responses. Future perspectives in the treatment of gastric cancer include tailored dual immunotherapies or a combination of immunotherapy with other targeted agents with synergistic antitumor effects. | Daniela Cornelia Lazǎr Mihaela Flavia Avram Ioan Romosan Mǎrioara Cornianu Sorina Tǎan Adrian Goldis | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，32： | 24 |
| 11 | 精氨酸:生物化学、生理学及治疗学意义显示文摘目前营养学进展已集中在单个氨基酸的药理学作用及其器官特异性作用研究方面。有关精氨酸,已有大量工作研究了其作为治疗药物时的作用。精氨酸的生物化学所有的机体组织利用精氨酸合成细胞浆蛋白和核蛋白;精氨酸也是脒的的提供者,用于合成胍基乙酸,进而合成肌酸。 | Adrian Barbul 郭长江 | 1987 | 氨基酸和生物资源1987，15，2： | 22 |
| 12 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma显示文摘AIM: To analyze contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) features of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE) in comparison to other multilocular benign focal liver lesions(FLL).METHODS: Twenty-five patients with histologically proven HEHE and 45 patients with histologically proven multilocular benign FLL were retrospectively reviewed. Four radiologists assessed the CEUS enhancement pattern in consensus.RESULTS: HEHE manifested as a single(n = 3) or multinodular(n = 22) FLL. On CEUS, HEHE showed rim-like(18/25, 72%) or heterogeneous hyperenhancement(7/25, 28%) in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement(25/25, 100%) in the portal venous and late phases(PVLP), a sign of malignancy. Eighteen patients showed central unenhanced areas(18/25, 72%); in seven patients(7/25, 28%), more lesions were detected in the PVLP. In contrast, all patients with hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia showed hyperenhancement as the most distinctive feature(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: CEUS allows for characterization of unequivocal FLL. By analyzing the hypoenhancement in the PVLP, CEUS can determine the malignant nature of HEHE. | Yi Dong Wen-Ping Wang Vito Cantisani Mirko D'Onofrio Andre Ignee Lorenzo Mulazzani Adrian Saftoiu Zeno Sparchez Ioan Sporea Christoph F Dietrich | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，19： | 21 |
| 13 | 综合性卒中中心医疗质量的度量标准:对脑卒中联盟综合性卒中中心推荐意见的详细随访美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘背景卒中是一种主要的残疾和死亡原因。脑卒巾联盟提议,建立初级卒中中心(primary stroke center,PSC)和综合性卒中中心(comprehensive stroke center,csc)以分别为需要基本或高级下预的卒中患者提供适当的医疗服务。从2003年开始,美国医疗卫生机构认证联合委员会和各州已指定了一些PSC,目前正在考虑CSC的指定工作。为了推进该过程,我们提出了一套CSC应追踪监测医疗质量并促进质量改进的标准和相关数据。方法和结果我们分析了现有指南、综述和其他文献,以识别区分CSC与PSC的主要特征;起草了一套标准和相关数据元素,以评价这些卒中医疗方面的关键部分;然后通过反复修改达成共识。我们提出的这套标准和相关数据元素,涵盖了CSC内缺血性脯血管病、非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血和腩出血患者专、№医疗的主要方面。结论我们提出这套标准,旨在为CSC的标准化数据采集提供一个框架,以促进当地医疗质量改进,并允许对来自不同CSC的数据进行合并分析。这将有助于将来CSC国家执行标准的制定。 | 何晟(译) 蔡可夫(译) 张元媛(译) 胡旻婧(译) 倪耀辉(译) 芮瑛(译) 柯开富(译) Dana Leifer Dawn M. Bravata J.J. (Buddy) Connors Ⅲ Judith A. Hinchey Edward C. Jauch S. Claibome Johnston Richard Latchaw William kikosky Christopher Ogilvy Adrian I. Qureshi Debbie Summers Gene Y. Sung Linda S. Williams Richard Zorowitz | 2011 | 国际脑血管病杂志2011，19，3： | 21 |
| 14 | Imaging tests for accurate diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis显示文摘Gallstones represent the most frequent aetiology of acute pancreatitis in many statistics all over the world, estimated between 40%-60%. Accurate diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP) is of outmost importance because clearance of lithiasis [gallbladder and common bile duct(CBD)] rules out recurrences. Confirmation of biliary lithiasis is done by imaging. The sensitivity of the ultrasonography(US) in the detection of gallstones is over 95% in uncomplicated cases, but in ABP, sensitivity for gallstone detection is lower, being less than 80% due to the ileus and bowel distension. Sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography(TUS) for choledocolithiasis varies between 50%-80%, but the specificity is high, reaching 95%. Diameter of the bile duct may be orientative for diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) seems to be a more effectivetool to diagnose ABP rather than endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),which should be performed only for therapeutic purposes.As the sensitivity and specificity of computerized tomography are lower as compared to state-of-the-art magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)or EUS,especially for small stones and small diameter of CBD,the later techniques are nowadays preferred for the evaluation of ABP patients.ERCP has the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and is used as a reference standard in many studies,especially after sphincterotomy and balloon extraction of CBD stones.Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a useful tool for the intraoperative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.Routine exploration of the CBD in cases of patients scheduled for cholecystectomy after an attack of ABP was not proven useful.A significant rate of the so-called idiopathic pancreatitis is actually caused by microlithiasis and/or biliary sludge.In conclusion,the general algorithm for CBD stone detection starts with anamnesis,serum biochemistry and then TUS,followed by EUS or MRCP.In the end,bile duct microscopic analysis may be performed by bile harvested during ERCP in case of recurrent attacks of ABP and these should be followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | Valeriu Surlin Adrian S?ftoiu Daniela Dumitrescu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，44： | 17 |
| 15 | 世界卫生组织-世界麻醉医师学会联盟(WHO-WFSA):麻醉安全国际标准显示文摘此麻醉安全国际标准由世界麻醉医师学会联盟(World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists,WFSA)和世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)联合制订。WFSA是由150个国家的麻醉医师组成的非营利组织。本文所推荐的标准已获得WHO和WFSA成员支持,此标准适用于世界各地的麻醉工作者,旨在为麻醉工作者、专业组织、医院、机构管理者和政府提供指导和帮助,以维持和提高麻醉安全和质量。此标准涵盖专业内容、设施设备、用药及静脉输液、监测和麻醉实施等方面。高度推荐标准与强制标准作用等同,包括(但不仅限于):训练有素的、警惕的麻醉工作者持续在场,通过临床观察及脉搏血氧饱和度持续监测组织氧合及灌注;间断监测血压;通过听诊和二氧化碳检测确认气管内插管(如果有)的正确位置;应用WHO手术安全核查单;麻醉结束时完善交接系统。此国际标准仅为最低标准,而我们的目标是以所能达到的最高标准来实施麻醉,所以实际标准最好超过本文所介绍的标准。 | Adrian W.Gelb Wayne W.Morriss Walter Johnson Alan F.Merry. | 2018 | 中华麻醉学杂志2018，38，10： | 16 |
| 16 | Use of second generation contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the assessment of focal liver lesions显示文摘Ultrasound (US) is often the first imaging modality employed in patients with suspected focal liver lesions. The role of US in the characterisation of focal liver lesions has been transformed with the introduction of specific contrast media and the development of specialized imaging techniques. Ultrasound now can fully characterise the enhancement pattern of hepatic lesions, similar to that achieved with contrast enhanced multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US contrast agents are safe, well-tolerated and have very few contraindications. Furthermore, real-time evaluation of the vascularity of focal liver lesions has become possible with the use of the newer microbubble contrast agents. This article reviews the enhancement pattern of the most frequent liver lesions seen, using the second generation US contrast media. The common pitfalls for each type of lesion are discussed. The recent developments in US contrast media and specific imaging techniques have been a major advance and this technique, in view of the intrinsic advantages of US, will undoubtedly gain popularity in the years to come. | Stanislas HX Morin Adrian KP Lim eremy FL Cobbold Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，45： | 16 |
| 17 | 附睾炎:基于临床和基础研究的总结启示显示文摘急性附睾炎在泌尿外科门诊的病人中有共同的临床表现。大多数情况下,性传播疾病或者泌尿系的感染都会引起病原菌的感染,并通过泌尿生殖道逆行引发急性附睾炎。虽然保守治疗可能对大多数患者有效并能根除病原菌,但有研究表明这类患者中少精子症甚至无精子症患者升高至40%。为了探讨引起这种现象和随后对精子功能损伤的潜在原因,我们建立了附睾炎的动物模型。研究数据表明附睾管里聚集着异常表达的免疫细胞、免疫调节基因以及病原菌敏感分子。我们推测在附睾头部存在一个耐药微环境,而炎症反应常发生在附睾尾部。这与附睾在不需要降低自身抵抗上行感染能力的前提下,当精子从睾丸中射出后,保护其不受新产生的抗精子抗体损害的观点相一致。然而,严重的炎症反应,特别是在附睾尾部,也可能迁延引发附睾结构和功能的损害。通过对动物模型临床观察研究,我们更好地理解附睾的免疫微环境,附睾炎的易感因素以及合理的治疗,在此基础上减轻附睾炎对附睾的损害,降低这类人群不育的发生率。 | Vera Michel Adrian Pilatz Mark P Hedger Andreas Meinhardt | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，5： | 16 |
| 18 | 新型农村合作医疗保护农民免于疾病经济风险效果评价显示文摘应用新型农村合作医疗对保护农民免于疾病经济风险评价方法,对山东省某试点县实施新型农村合作医疗的效果进行评价。结果表明,我国农村地区有很多家庭因为家庭卫生支出而陷入贫困或灾难。样本地区因家庭卫生支出导致贫困的发生率为5.20%,灾难性卫生支出的发生率为9.58%。新型农村合作医疗对保护农民家庭免于因疾病导致的经济风险起到了一定的作用,但这种保护作用是有限的。被调查地区新型农村合作医疗使灾难性卫生支出下降了8.14%,使因卫生支出导致的贫困发生率降低了19.81%。模拟分析的结果显示,新型农村合作医疗对保护农民免于疾病经济风险可以发挥更大的作用,这种作用的大小取决于新型农村合作医疗的筹资水平和方案设计。如果报销的比例提高,则更多的家庭会避免陷入灾难性卫生支出或贫困。 | 孙晓筠 Adrian Sleigh 李士雪 Gordon Carmichael Sukhan Jackson | 2007 | 中国卫生经济2007，26，2： | 15 |
| 19 | New advances in targeted gastric cancer treatment显示文摘Despite a decrease in incidence over past decades,gastric cancer remains a major global health problem. In the more recent period, survival has shown only minor improvement, despite significant advances in diagnostic techniques, surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches, the development of novel therapeutic agents and treatment by multidisciplinary teams. Because multiple genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and aberrant molecular signalling pathways are involved in the development of gastric cancers, recent research has attempted to determine the molecular heterogeneity responsible for the processes of carcinogenesis, spread and metastasis. Currently, some novel agents targeting a part of these dysfunctional molecular signalling pathways have already been integrated into the standard treatment of gastric cancer, whereas others remain in phases of investigation within clinical trials. It is essential to identify the unique molecular patterns of tumours and specific biomarkers to develop treatments targeted to the individual tumour behaviour. This review analyses the global impact of gastric cancer, as well as the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and the efficacy of bacterial eradication in preventing gastric cancer development. Furthermore, the paper discusses the currently available targeted treatments and future directions of research using promising novel classes of molecular agents for advanced tumours. | Daniela Cornelia Lazar Sorina Taban Marioara Cornianu Alexandra Faur Adrian Goldis | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，30： | 15 |
| 20 | 美国管理化卫生保健制度对我国新型农村合作医疗的启示显示文摘介绍了美国管理化卫生保健制度在控制卫生费用方面所起的作用,提出为保证新型农村合作医疗的可持续发展,我国农村卫生服务体系需要引入管理化卫生保健制度的理念,并分析了引入管理化卫生保健理念的可行性和可借鉴的一些具体方法。 | 孙晓筠 Adrian Sleigh 韩东 张爱国 | 2005 | 卫生经济研究2005，22，8： | 15 |
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