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| 1 | Potential for natural and enhanced attenuation of sulphanilamide in a contaminated chalk aquifer显示文摘Understanding antibiotic biodegradation is important to the appreciation of their fate and removal from the environment. In this research an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry(IRMS)method was developed to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of the antibiotic,sulphanilamide, in contaminated groundwater. Results indicted an enrichment in δ^(13)C of8.44‰ from-26.56(at the contaminant source) to-18.12‰(300 m downfield of the source).These results confirm reductions in sulphanilamide concentrations(from 650 to 10 mg/L)across the contaminant plume to be attributable to biodegradation(56%) vs. other natural attenuation processes, such as dilution or dispersion(42%). To understand the controls on sulphanilamide degradation ex-situ microcosms assessed the influence of sulphanilamide concentration, redox conditions and an alternative carbon source. Results indicated, high levels of anaerobic capacity(~50% mineralisation) to degrade sulphanilamide under high(263 mg/L), moderate(10 mg/L) and low(0.02 mg/L) substrate concentrations. The addition of electron acceptors; nitrate and sulphate, did not significantly enhance the capacity of the groundwater to anaerobically biodegrade sulphanilamide. Interestingly, where alternative carbon sources were present, the addition of nitrate and sulphate inhibited sulphanilamide biodegradation. These results suggest, under in-situ conditions, when a preferential carbon source was available for biodegradation, sulphanilamide could be acting as a nitrogen and/or sulphur source. These findings are important as they highlight sulphanilamide being used as a carbon and a putative nitrogen and sulphur source, under prevailing iron reducing conditions. | Karen A.Bennett Simon D.Kelly Xiangyu Tang Brian J.Reid | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，12： | 2 |
| 2 | Visceral hypersensitivity in symptomatic diverticular disease and the role of neuropeptides and low grade inflammation显示文摘 | D. J.Humes J.Simpson J.Smith P.Sutton A.Zaitoun D.Bush A.Bennett J. H.Scholefield R. C.Spiller | 2012 | Neurogastroenterology & Motility2012，，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Specific serum antibody binding to phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated tau in non-cognitively impaired,mildly cognitively impaired,and Alzheimer’s disease subjects:an exploratory study显示文摘Background:Tau vaccination and administration of anti-tau antibodies can prevent pathology and cognitive impairment in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy,suggesting that therapies which increase anti-tau antibodies might slow the development and/or progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).The extent to which individuals with no cognitive impairment(NCI)possess serum anti-tau antibodies,and whether their concentrations of these antibodies differ from anti-tau antibody levels in persons with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)or AD,are unclear.Previous studies measuring these antibodies did not account for antibody polyvalent binding,which can be extensive,nor that antibody binding to phosphorylated tau peptides could be due to binding to non-phosphorylated epitopes on those peptides.Methods:An ELISA controlling for these factors was used to measure the specific binding of serum IgG and IgM to phosphorylated(“pTau;”phosphorylated at Serine-199 and Serine-202)and non-phosphorylated(“non-pTau”)tau 196-207 in subjects with NCI,MCI,or AD(n=10/group).Between-group differences in these antibody levels were evaluated for statistical significance,and correlations were examined in pooled data from all subjects between these antibody levels and subject age,global cognitive functioning,and NFT counts.Results:Specific IgG binding to pTau and non-pTau was detected in all subjects except for one NCI control.Specific IgM binding was detected to pTau in all subjects except for two AD patients,and to non-pTau in all subjects.Mean pTau IgG was increased in MCI subjects by 53% and 70% vs.AD and NCI subjects respectively(both p<0.05),while no significant differences were found between groups for non-pTau IgG(p=0.052),pTau IgM,or non-pTau IgM.Non-pTau IgG was negatively associated with global cognition(Spearman rho=−0.50).Conclusions:Specific binding of serum IgG and IgM to phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated tau may be present in older persons regardless of their cognitive status.Serum IgG to phosphorylated tau may be increased in individuals with MCI,but this unexpected finding requires confirmation.The approach used in this study to measure specific serum antibodies to phosphorylated tau should be useful for measuring antibodies to other post-translationally-modified proteins that are of relevance to neurodegenerative disorders. | Andrea C.Klaver Mary P.Coffey David A.Bennett David A.Loeffler | 2017 | Translational Neurodegeneration2017，6，1： | 0 |
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