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| 1 | Quality Control:Internal Defects Formation Mechanism of Selective Laser Melting Based on Laser-powder-melt Pool Interaction:A Review显示文摘Selective laser melting(SLM)is a 3D printing technology with a high near-net-shape ability and forming accuracy.However,the inevitable internal defects significantly hinder its development.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the causes of internal defects in SLM processing and minimize the defects to achieve quality control accordingly.This work reviews the recent studies on internal defects in SLM,presenting the main internal defects of SLM as impurities,lack of fusion,gas pores,and micro-crack.These internal defects occur on the various phenomena in the laser-powder-melt pool(LPMP)stage.The formation of SLM internal defects is mainly affected by oxidation,denudation,balling,spatter,and keyholes;here,balling,spattering,and the keyhole phenomenon are the main factors causing internal defects in LPMP.Hence,this paper focuses on reviewing the balling effect,spatter behavior,and keyhole phenomenon,introducing the action mechanism of the above three phenomena under different process conditions.Additionally,the spatter behavior when forming internal defects is proposed.This review also considers the correlation between the spatter behavior and keyhole phenomenon and makes an important contribution to understanding and reducing SLM internal defects.It presents a reliable opinion on real-time monitoring and machine intelligent learning for SLM processing in the future,as well as supporting a systematic thinking for the suppression of defect formation in SLM. | Guang Yang Yilian Xie Shuo Zhao Lanyun Qin Xiangming Wang Bin Wu | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Mechanical Anisotropy of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Using a Reduced-order Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model显示文摘In this study,a reduced-order crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE)model was developed to study the effects of the microstructural morphology and crystallographic texture on the mechanical anisotropy of selective laser melted(SLMed)Ti-6Al-4V.First,both hierarchical and equiaxed microstructures in columnar prior grains were modeled to examine the influence of the microstructural morphology on mechanical anisotropy.Second,the effects of crystallographic anisotropy and textural variability on mechanical anisotropy were investigated at the granular and representative volume element(RVE)scales,respectively.The results show that hierarchical and equiaxed CPFE models with the same crystallographic texture exhibit the same mechanical anisotropy.At the granular scale,the significance of crystallographic anisotropy varies with different crystal orientations.This indicates that the present SLMed Ti-6Al-4V sample with weak mechanical anisotropy resulted from the synthetic effect of crystallographic anisotropies at the granular scale.Therefore,combinations of various crystallographic textures were applied to the reduced-order CPFE model to design SLMed Ti-6Al-4V with different mechanical anisotropies.Thus,the crystallographic texture is considered the main controlling variable for the mechanical anisotropy of SLMed Ti-6Al-4V in this study. | Yang Liu Feng Yu Yonggang Wang | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2023，2，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of FeCoNiCrAl x High-entropy Alloys by Selective Laser Melting显示文摘In this study,the thermal analysis theory of selective laser melting(SLM)was introduced,and different high-entropy alloy(HEA)specimens were prepared using the SLM technology.The effects of different powder sizes,elemental contents,and process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoNiCrAl x HEA specimens fabricated using SLM were analyzed.Moreover,hardness and tensile tests of these high-entropy alloys were performed.The results showed that with increasing laser power and hatch spacing,the hardness of the specimens initially increased and subsequently decreased;it also increased with increasing scanning speed.The FeCoNiCrAl 0.5 HEA specimens prepared using fine powder exhibited better tensile properties,followed by FeCoNiCrAl 0.8 HEA.However,the FeCoNiCrAl 0.5 HEA prepared using coarse powder exhibited the poorest tensile properties.A comparison of the tensile properties of the specimens at different heights revealed that the specimens formed at the middle height exhibited improved tensile properties. | Xuelong Wen Chengbao Wang Yadong Gong Wenbo Liu | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2023，2，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Review on Additive Manufacturing of Single-Crystal Nickel-based Superalloys显示文摘The conventional fabrication process for single-crystal nickel-based superalloy materials is directional solidifica-tion,which is classified as casting.With the rapid development of additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,a novel process for fabricating single-crystal superalloys has become possible.This article reviews recent research on the AM of single-crystal nickel-based superalloys.Laser AM technologies,particularly directed energy deposition,are mainly used to repair single-crystal materials.Electron beam powder bed fusion is an innovative method for the direct fabrication of single-crystal materials.Accordingly,the mechanisms of single-crystal formation during AM are analyzed to elucidate the potential of this process route.Furthermore,this article discusses the challenges faced by AM for single-crystal fabrication,and provides perspectives on the trends of future developments. | Yang Li Xiaoyu Liang Yefeng Yu Dongfang Wang Feng Lin | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of build orientation and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6A14V lattice structures 显示文摘 | Wauthle R Vrancken B Beynaerts B | 2015 | Additive Manufacturing2015，5，： | 1 |
| 6 | Wire Oscillating Laser Additive Manufacturing of 2319 Aluminum Alloy: Optimization of Process Parameters, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties显示文摘In this study,a wire oscillating laser additive manufacturing(O-WLAM)process was used to deposit 2319 aluminum alloy samples.The optimization of the deposition process parameters made it possible to obtain samples with smooth surfaces and extremely low porosities.The effects of the deposition parameters on the formability and evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties before and after heat treatment were studied.The oscillating laser deposition of 2319 aluminum alloy,especially the circular oscillation mode,significantly reduced the porosity and improved the process stability and formability compared with non-oscillating laser deposition.There were clear boundaries between the deposition units in the deposition state,the interior of which was dominated by columnar crystals with many rod-and point-shaped precipitates.After the heat treatment,theθphase was significantly dissolved.The residual dot-and rod-shapedθ'phases were dispersedly distributed,exhibiting an obvious precipitation-hardening effect.The samples in the as-deposited state had a tensile strength of 245–265 MPa,an elongation of approximately 12.6%,and an 87 HV microhardness.After heat treatment at 530°C for 20 h and aging at 175°C for 18 h,the tensile strength,elongation,and microhardness reached 425–440 MPa,approximately 10%,and 153 HV,respectively.The performance improved significantly without significant anisotropy.Compared with the samples produced by wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM),the tensile strength increased by approximately 10%,and the strength and microhardness were significantly improved. | Xujian Cui Enyu Qi Zhonggang Sun Chuanbao Jia Yong Zeng Shikai Wu | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，3： | 1 |
| 7 | A Review on Distortion and Residual Stress in Additive Manufacturing显示文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)has gained extensive attention and tremendous research due to its advantages of fabricating complex-shaped parts without the need of casting mold.However,distortion is a known issue for many AM technologies,which decreases the precision of as-built parts.Like fusion welding,the local high-energy input generates residual stresses,which can adversely affect the fatigue performance of AM parts.To the best of the authors’knowledge,a comprehensive review does not exist regarding the distortion and residual stresses dedicated for AM,despite some work has explored the interrelationship between the two.The present review is aimed to fill in the identified knowledge gap,by first describing the evolution of distortion and residual stresses for a range of AM processes,and second assessing their influencing factors.This allows us to elucidate their formation mechanisms from both the micro-and macro-scales.Moreover,approaches which have been successfully adopted to mitigate both the distortion and residual stresses are reviewed.It is anticipated that this review paper opens many opportunities to increase the success rate of AM parts by improving the dimension precision and fatigue life. | Deqiao Xie Fei Lv Youwen Yang Lida Shen Zongjun Tian Cijun Shuai Bo Chen Jianfeng Zhao | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Additively Manufactured by Laser Direct Energy Deposition显示文摘An Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was additively manufactured by laser direct energy deposition(DED)under different laser powers,and the microstructures and mechanical properties of the as-deposited samples were investigated.The samples showed a fully equiaxed grain structure with grain sizes of 2–30μm.Most of the blocky primary Al3(Sc,Zr)-precipitated phases(<5μm)were arranged along the grain boundaries.A small amount of fine granular secondary Al3(Sc,Zr)phases(<0.5μm)were precipitated owing to the cyclic heat treatment during the DED forming process.According to the EBSD(Electron backscatter diffraction)results,the texture index and strength of the sample were only slightly greater than 1,indicating that the material structure exhibited a certain but not obvious anisotropy.The sample in the horizontal direction had better yield strength,tensile strength,and elogation properties(399.87 MPa,220.96 MPa,9.13%)than that in the building direction(385.40 MPa,219.40 MPa,8.24%),although the sample in the〈XOZ〉plane had the finest equiaxed grains.The ductility of the〈XOZ〉sample deteriorated as the number of pores increased. | Qian Hua Wenjun Wang Ruidi Li Hongbin Zhu Zehuan Lin Rong Xu Tiechui Yuan Kai Liu | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Preparation of weak- textured commercially pure titanium by electron beam melt- ing显示文摘 | Yamanaka K Saito W Mort M | 2015 | Additive Manufacturing2015，8，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Reducing porosity in A1Sil0Mg parts processed by selective laser melting显示文摘 | ABOULKHAIR N T EVERITT N M ASHCROFT I | 2014 | Additive Manufacturing2014，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Bio-inspired Metallic Structures显示文摘High-performance/multifunctional metallic components primarily determine the service performance of equip-ment applied in the aerospace,aviation,and automobile industries.Organisms have developed structures with specific properties over millions of years of natural evolution,thereby providing inspiration for the design of high-performance structures to satisfy the increasing demands of modern industries.From the perspective of manufacturing,the ability of conventional processing technologies is inadequate for fabricating these complex structural configurations.By contrast,laser additive manufacturing(AM)is an effective method for fabricating complex metallic bio-inspired structures owing to its layer-by-layer deposition advantage.Herein,recent devel-opments in the laser AM of bio-inspired cellular,plate,and truss structures,as well as the materials used in laser AM for bio-inspired printing are briefly reviewed.The organisms being imitated include butterfly,Norway spruce,mantis shrimp,beetle,and water spider,which expand the diversity of multifunctional structures for laser AM.The mechanical properties and functions of laser-AM-processed bio-inspired structures are discussed.Additionally,the challenges,possible outcomes,and directions of utilizing laser AM technology to fabricate high-performance/multifunctional metallic bio-inspired structures in the future are outlined. | Jiankai Yang Dongdong Gu Kaijie Lin Yicha Zhang Meng Guo Luhao Yuan Han Zhang Hongmei Zhang | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Roadmap for Additive Manufacturing:Toward Intellectualization and Industrialization显示文摘With the rapid development of Additive Manufacturing(AM)technology in the past 30 years,AM has been shift-ing from prototyping to advanced manufacturing of functional components in industry.Intellectualization and industrialization of AM process and equipment could be the bottlenecks to the wide industrial applications of AM technology in the future,which have been highlighted in this paper,aiming at describing the technological research roadmaps for the next 5 to 10 years.According to the data flow in the process and value chains of AM technologies,state-of-art of design methodology,material,process&equipment,smart structures,and ap-plications in extreme scales and environments has been elaborated respectively.Some suggestions on potential challenges for research and development in AM technologies have been provided in each section,which would finally establish a critical technical platform for the future industrial innovation and entrepreneurship. | Xiaoyong Tian Lingling Wu Dongdong Gu Shangqin Yuan Yufan Zhao Xiao Li Liliang Ouyang Bo Song Tong Gao Jiankang He Xin Lin Feng Lin Jihong Zhu Dichen Li | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Challenges in the Technology Development for Additive Manufacturing in Space显示文摘Instead of foreseeing and preparing for all possible scenarios of machine failures,accidents,and other challenges arising in space missions,it appears logical to take advantage of the flexibility of additive manufacturing for“in-space manufacturing”(ISM).Manned missions into space rely on complicated equipment,and their safe operation is a great challenge.Bearing in mind the absolute distance for manned missions to the Moon and Mars,the supply of spare parts for the repair and replacement of lost equipment via shipment from Earth would require too much time.With the high flexibility in design and the ability to manufacture ready-to-use components directly from a computer-aided model,additive manufacturing technologies appear to be extremely attractive in this context.Moreover,appropriate technologies are required for the manufacture of building habitats for extended stays of astronauts on the Moon and Mars,as well as material/feedstock.The capacities for sending equipment and material into space are not only very limited and costly,but also raise concerns regarding environmental issues on Earth.Accordingly,not all materials can be sent from Earth,and strategies for the use of in-situ resources,i.e.,in-situ resource utilization(ISRU),are being envisioned.For the manufacturing of both complex parts and equipment,as well as for large infrastructure,appropriate technologies for material processing in space need to be developed. | Andrea Zocca Janka Wilbig Anja Waske Jens Günster Martinus Putra Widjaja Christian Neumann Mélanie Clozel Andreas Meyer Jifeng Ding Zuoxin Zhou Xiaoyong Tian | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2022，1，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical propertyanisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing显示文摘 | TORRADOA A R SHEMELYA C M ENGLISH J D | 2015 | Additive Manufacturing2015，6，： | 1 |
| 15 | Thermal Behavior during Selective La- ser Melting of Commercially Pure Titanium Pow- der: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study显示文摘 | Li Y Gu D | 2014 | Additive Manufacturing2014，1，： | 1 |
| 16 | Making sense of 3Dprinting: creating a map of additive manufacturingproducts and services显示文摘 | CONNER B P MANOGHARAN GP MARTOF N A | 2014 | Additive Manufacturing2014，14，： | 1 |
| 17 | Making sense of 3-D printing:Creating a map of addi- tive manufacturing products and services显示文摘 | Conner B P Manogharan G P Martof A N | 2014 | Additive manufacturing2014，1，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Toward an integrated computational system for describing the additive manufacturing process for metallic materials显示文摘 | MARTUKANITZ R P MICHALERIS P LIU Z K HEO T K | 2014 | Additive Manufacturing2014，4，： | 1 |
| 19 | 3D-printed Metamaterials with Versatile Functionalities显示文摘Metamaterials are artificial structures that have been engineered to exhibit properties that do not occur naturally in conventional materials.They were firstly made up of periodic unit cells that interact with electromagnetic(EM)waves to manipulate their behavior,showing extraordinary phenomena like EM cloaking,negative index,beam deflection and so on.In recent years,the concept of metamaterial has been penetrating in various physical do-main and various metamaterials with versatile functionalities have been proposed and fabricated by 3D printing technology to manipulate the interactions between matter and electromagnetic,thermal,acoustic,and mechan-ical energy.With the increasing of structural complexity,material types,precision additive manufacturing serve as a powerful tool to achieve novel metamaterials with extraordinary performance and fusion of functionalities.In this paper,we reviewed the remarkable properties enabled by 3D printed metamaterials in different fields,and analyzed the consilience relationship between structure,function,and manufacturing process. | Lingling Wu Jiacheng Xue Xiaoyong Tian Tengfei Liu Dichen Li | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2023，2，3： | 0 |
| 20 | 3D/4D Printed Functional Continuous Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites:Progress and Perspectives显示文摘In recent years,innovations in 3D/4D printing techniques for continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites(CFRPCs)have opened new perspectives for the integrated design and manufacture of composites with customized functions.This paper reviews the current state of 3D/4D printed functional composites,including the materi-als,shape memory/changing effects,self-monitoring/healing behaviors,and challenges surrounding additive-manufactured functional composites.Specifically,continuous fibers and matrices that provide functional roles are classified and discussed in detail.4D printed shape memory and changing CFRPCs can retain their original shapes from a designed shape upon exposure to different external stimuli,including heat,electricity,humidity,and multi-stimuli activation.Furthermore,self-monitoring of structural health is achieved through the piezore-sistive features of reinforced fibers in 3D printed CFRPCs.Finally,this review concludes with an outlook on the future research opportunities for 3D/4D printed functional CFRPCs. | Ping Cheng Shixian Li Yong Peng Antoine Le Duigou Kui Wang Said Ahzi | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2023，2，3： | 0 |
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