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| 1 | Carcinoma of the stomach: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular genetics and chemoprevention显示文摘Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitationand hygiene, screening and treatment of H. pylori infection, and follow-up of precancerous lesions. The fact that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer offers scope for nutritional chemoprevention. Animal models have been extensively used to analyze the stepwise evolution of gastric carcinogenesis and to test dietary chemopreventive agents. Development of multitargeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer is a major challenge for the future. | Siddavaram Nagini | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，7： | 87 |
| 2 | Esophageal cancer: Risk factors,screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries显示文摘Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide,mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate.Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world.The 5-year survival is around 15%-25%.There are clear differences between the risk factors of both histological types that affect their incidence and distribution worldwide.There are areas of high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma(some areas in China) that meet the requirements for cost-effectiveness of endoscopy for early diagnosis in the general population of those areas.In Europe and United States the predominant histologic subtype is adenocarcinoma.The role of early diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus remains controversial.The differences in the therapeutic management of early esophageal carcinoma(high-grade dysplasia,T1 a,T1 b,N0) between different parts of the world may be explained by the number of cancers diagnosed at an early stage.In areas where the incidence is high(China and Japan among others) early diagnoses is more frequent and has led to the development of endoscopic techniques for definitive treatment that achieve very effective results with a minimum number of complications and preserving the functionality of the esophagus. | María José Domper Arnal ángel Ferrández Arenas ángel Lanas Arbeloa | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，26： | 116 |
| 3 | Epidemiology of ovarian cancer:a review显示文摘Ovarian cancer(OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination,pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy,pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology,primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies. | Brett M.Reid Jennifer B.Permuth Thomas A.Sellers | 2017 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2017，14，1： | 108 |
| 4 | Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China,2013显示文摘Introduction: Population-based cancer registration data are collected by the National Central Cancer Registry in China every year. Cancer incident cases and cancer deaths in 2013 were analyzed.Methods: Through the procedure of quality control, reported data from 255 registries were accepted to establish the national database for cancer estimates. Incidences and mortalities were calculated with stratification by area(urban/rural), sex(male/female), age group(0,1-4,5-9,10-14... 80-84, and 85-year-old and above), and cancer site.The structure of Segi's population was used for the calculation of age-standardized rates(ASR).Top 10 most common cancers and leading causes of cancer deaths were listed.Results: In 2013,3,682,200 new cancer cases and 2,229,300 cancer deaths were estimated in China based on the pooled data from 255 cancer registries, covering 16.65% of the national population. The incidence was270.59/100,000, with an ASR of 186.15/100,000; the mortality was 166.83/100,000, with an ASR of 108.94/100,000.The top 10 most common cancer sites were the lung, stomach, liver, colorectum, female breast, esophagus, thyroid, cervix, brain, and pancreas. The ten leading causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, female breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, and lymphoma.Conclusions: Cancer leaves serious disease burden in China with high incidence and mortality. Lung cancer was the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Efficient control strategy is needed, especially for major cancers. | Rongshou Zheng Hongmei Zeng Siwei Zhang Wanqing Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，8： | 84 |
| 5 | Prevalence of fatty liver disease and the economy in China: A systematic review显示文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between the economy and the adult prevalence of fatty liver disease(FLD) in China's Mainland. METHODS: Literature searches on the Pub Med and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were performed to identify eligible studies published before July 2014. Records were limited to crosssectional surveys or baseline surveys of longitudinal studies that reported the adult prevalence of FLD and recruited subjects from the general population or community. The gross domestic product(GDP) per capita was chosen to assess the economic status. Multiple linear regression and Loess regression were chosen to fit the data and calculate the 95%CIs. Fitting and overfitting of the models were considered in choosing the appropriate models. RESULTS: There were 27 population-based surveys from 26 articles included in this study. The pooled mean prevalence of FLD in China was 16.73%(95%CI: 13.92%-19.53%). The prevalence of FLD was correlated with the GDP per capita and survey years in the country(adjusted R2 = 0.8736, P GDP per capita = 0.00426, P years = 0.0000394), as well as in coastal areas(R2 = 0.9196, P GDP per capita = 0.00241, P years = 0.00281). Furthermore, males [19.28%(95%CI: 15.68%-22.88%)] presented a higher prevalence than females [14.1%(95%CI: 11.42%-16.61%), P = 0.0071], especially in coastal areas [21.82(95%CI: 17.94%-25.71%) vs 17.01%(95%CI: 14.30%-19.89%), P = 0.0157]. Finally, the prevalence was predicted to reach 20.21% in 2020, increasing at a rate of 0.594% per year. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a correlation between the economy and the prevalence of FLD in China's Mainland. | Jin-Zhou Zhu Qin-Yi Zhou Yu-Ming Wang Yi-Ning Dai Jiang Zhu Chao-Hui Yu You-Ming Li | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 116 |
| 6 | Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease. | Milena Ilic Irena Ilic | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，44： | 95 |
| 7 | Epidemiology,etiology,and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China显示文摘Esophageal cancer is one of the most fatal diseases worldwide mainly because of its rapid progression and poor prognosis.Although the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has markedly risen in North America and Europe in the past several decades, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer, especially in China. It accounts for more than 90% of all esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in China. Geographical differentiation is one of the most distinctive characteristics of esophageal cancer. The progression, risk factors, and prognosis of these two subtypes of esophageal cancer differ. This study reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China, thereby providing systematic references for policy-makers who will decide on issues of esophageal cancer prevention and control. | He Liang Jin-Hu Fan You-Lin Qiao | 2017 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2017，14，1： | 69 |
| 8 | 近端胃切除消化道重建中国专家共识(2020版)显示文摘过去40年,食管胃结合部腺癌的发病率显著升高。美国国家癌症研究所SEER(surveillance,epidemiology and end results)项目数据显示:食管胃结合部腺癌发病率近35年来增长近2.5倍,约达2/10万。日本国立癌症中心医院数据显示:从20世纪60年代至21世纪初,食管胃结合部腺癌比率上升了7.3%。我国一项单中心胃癌外科病例的登记研究发现,在1988—2012年期间,食管胃结合部癌所占比例由22.3%增至35.7%。 | 无 徐泽宽 季加孚 梁寒 | 2020 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2020，23，2： | 76 |
| 9 | Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy,diabetic macular edema and related vision loss显示文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a leading cause of vision-loss globally.Of an estimated 285 million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide,approximately one third have signs of DR and of these,a further one third of DR is vision-threatening DR,including diabetic macular edema(DME).The identification of established modifiable risk factors for DR such as hyperglycemia and hypertension has provided the basis for risk factor control in preventing onset and progression of DR.Additional research investigating novel risk factors has improved our understanding of multiple biological pathways involved in the pathogenesis of DR and DME,especially those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.Variations in DR prevalence between populations have also sparked interest in genetic studies to identify loci associated with disease susceptibility.In this review,major trends in the prevalence,incidence,progression and regression of DR and DME are explored,and gaps in literature identified.Established and novel risk factors are also extensively reviewed with a focus on landmark studies and updates from the recent literature. | Ryan Lee Tien YWong Charumathi Sabanayagam | 2015 | Eye and Vision2015，2，1： | 75 |
| 10 | Study of liver cirrhosis over ten consecutive years in Southern China显示文摘AIM: To investigate the etiology and complications of liver cirrhosis(LC) in Southern China. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we identified cases of liver cirrhosis admitted between January 2001 to December 2010 and reviewed the medical records. Patient demographics, etiologies and complications were collected, and etiological changes were illustrated by consecutive years and within twotime periods(2001-2005 and 2006-2010). All results were expressed as the mean ± SD or as a percentage. The χ2 test or Student's t-test was used to analyze the differences in age, gender, and etiological distribution, and one-way analysis of variance was applied to estimate the trends in etiological changes. We analyzed the relationship between the etiologies and complications using unconditioned logistic regression, and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the major etiological groups was evaluated as ORs. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Statistical computation was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.RESULTS: In this study, we identified 6719(83.16%) male patients and 1361(16.84%) female patients. The average age of all of the patients was 50.5 years at the time of diagnosis. The distribution of etiological agents was as follows: viral hepatitis, 80.62% [hepatitis B virus(HBV) 77.22%, hepatitis C virus(HCV) 2.80%,(HBV + HCV) 0.58%]; alcohol, 5.68%; mixed etiology, 4.95%; cryptogenic, 2.93%; and autoimmune hepatitis, 2.03%; whereas the other included etiologies accounted for less than 4% of the total. Infantile hepatitis syndrome LC patients were the youngest(2.5 years of age), followed by the metabolic LC group(27.2 years of age). Viral hepatitis, alcohol, and mixed etiology were more prevalent in the male group, whereas autoimmune diseases, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and metabolic diseases were more prevalent in the female group. When comparing the etiological distribution in 2001-2005 with that in 2006-2010, the proportion of viral hepatitis decreased from 84.7% to 78.3%(P < 0.001), and the proportion of HBV-induced LC also decreased from 81.9% to 74.6%(P < 0.001). The incidence of mixed etiology, cryptogenic cirrhosis, and autoimmune diseases increased by 3.1%(P < 0.001), 0.5%(P = 0.158), and 1.3%(P < 0.001), respectively. Alcohol-induced LC remained relatively steady over the 10-year period. The ORs of the development of UGIB between HBV and other major etiologies were as follows: HCV, 1.07; alcohol, 1.89; autoimmune, 0.90; mixed etiology, 0.83; and cryptogenic, 1.76. The ORs of the occurrence of HCC between HBV and other major etiologies were as follows: HCV, 0.54; alcohol, 0.16; autoimmune, 0.05; mixed etiology, 0.58; and cryptogenic, 0.60.CONCLUSION: The major etiology of liver cirrhosis in Southern China is viral hepatitis. However, the proportions of viral hepatitis and HBV are gradually decreasing. Alcoholic LC patients exhibit a greater risk of experiencing UGIB, and HBV LC patients may have a greater risk of HCC. | Xing Wang Shang-Xiong Lin Jin Tao Xiu-Qing Wei Yuan-Ting Liu Yu-Ming Chen Bin Wu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，37： | 72 |
| 11 | Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: an up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes显示文摘AIM To review Hepatitis C virus(HCV) prevalence and genotypes distribution worldwide.METHODS We conducted a systematic study which represents one of the most comprehensive effort to quantify global HCV epidemiology,using the best available published data between 2000 and 2015 from 138 countries(about 90% of the global population),grouped in 20 geographical areas(with the exclusion of Oceania),as defined by the Global Burden of Diseases project(GBD). Countries for which we were unable to obtain HCV genotype prevalence data were excluded from calculations of regional proportions,although their populations were included in the total population size of each region when generating regional genotype prevalence estimates.RESULTS Total global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5%(177.5 million of HCV infected adults),ranging from 2.9% in Africa and 1.3% in Americas,with a global viraemic rate of 67%(118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases),varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia. HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide(49.1%),followed by genotype 3(17.9%),4(16.8%) and 2(11.0%). Genotypes 5 and 6 are responsible for the remaining < 5%. While genotypes 1 and 3 are common worldwide,the largest proportion of genotypes 4 and 5 is in lower-income countries. Although HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infections are the most prevalent globally(67.0% if considered together),other genotypes are found more commonly in lowerincome countries where still account for a significant proportion of HCV cases.CONCLUSION A more precise knowledge of HCV genotype distribution will be helpful to best inform national healthcare models to improve access to new treatments. | Arnolfo Petruzziello Samantha Marigliano Giovanna Loquercio Anna Cozzolino Carmela Cacciapuoti | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，34： | 69 |
| 12 | Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis. | Brandon J Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan Eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，47： | 70 |
| 13 | Antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii : From bench to bedside显示文摘Acinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii) is undoubtedly one of the most successful pathogens in the modern healthcare system. With invasive procedures, antibiotic use and immunocompromised hosts increasing in recent years, A. baumannii has become endemic in hospitals due to its versatile genetic machinery, which allows it to quickly evolve resistance factors, and to its remarkable ability to tolerate harsh environments. Infections and outbreaks caused by multidrugresistant A. baumannii(MDRAB) are prevalent and have been reported worldwide over the past twenty or more years. To address this problem effectively, knowledge of species identification, typing methods, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and virulence factors is essential. The global epidemiology of MDRAB is monitored by persistent surveillance programs. Because few effective antibiotics are available, clinicians often face serious challenges when treating patients with MDRAB. Therefore, a deep understanding of the resistance mechanisms used by MDRAB can shed light on two possible strategies to combat the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance: stringent infection control and antibiotic treatments, of which colistin-based combination therapy is the mainstream strategy. However, due to the current unsatisfying therapeutic outcomes, there is a great need to develop and evaluate the efficacy of new antibiotics and to understand the role of other potential alternatives, such as antimicrobial peptides, in the treatment of MDRAB infections. | Ming-Feng Lin Chung-Yu Lan | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，12： | 55 |
| 14 | Gastric cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC. | Lei Yang Xiangji Ying Shuo Liu Guoqing Lyu Zekuan Xu Xi Zhang Huichao Li Qingyu Li Ning Wang Jiafu Ji | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2020，32，6： | 52 |
| 15 | Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 266 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Hangzhou,China显示文摘Ethnicity and socioeconomic factors can influence disease susceptibility,clinical presentation,and outcome.We investigated the clinical characteristics(age,sex,seasonal variation,lesion site,symptoms,complications,prognosis,and sequelae) and risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in 266 cases treated at our hospital in Hangzhou City,China,from January 2011 to December 2011.Risk of ICH increased dramatically with age;only 4.3% of cases were <30 years old,while 44.4% were >60 years of age.Men outnumbered women by 2:1(67.3% vs.32.7%).Single hemorrhage was most often located in the cerebral lobes(37.2% of cases),basal ganglia(34.2%),thalamus(8.3%),cerebellum(6.8%),ventricle(1.5%),and brainstem(1.1%),while 10.9% of cases exhibited hemorrhages at multiple sites.Hypertension was also a major risk factor for ICH,as 47% of all patients were hypertensive and the percentage increased with age.In hypertensive patients,the most common hemorrhage site was the basal ganglia and ICH was often associated with thrombopenia.In patients with leukemia(all forms),most hemorrhages were lobar.Warfarinand encephalic operation-associated ICHs were all lobar.Headache was the major symptom of occipital,temporal,and frontal lobe hemorrhage.Dizziness,nausea,and vomiting were the major symptoms of cerebellum hemorrhage.Limb dysfunction was the major symptom of thalamic and basal ganglia hemorrhage.Disturbed level of consciousness was the major symptom in multisite,ventricular,parietal lobe,and brainstem hemorrhage.Hyperspasmia occurred most often in lobar hemorrhage and blurred vision in occipital lobe hemorrhage.Hospital mortality was 24.4%(n=65) with a mean delay from presentation to death of(10.5±18.5) d.The majority of fatalities were cerebral hernia cases(58.5%) and these patients also had the shortest time to death [(2.9±3.5) d].Mortality was 100% in brainstem ICH and hemorrhagic conversion of cerebral infarct.Thrombopenia-associated ICH also had a high mortality rate(81.0%),while patients with cerebrovascular malformations and cerebral aneurysms demonstrated a much better prognosis(46.2% recovery). | Yun-zhen HU Jian-wen WANG Ben-yan LUO | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，6： | 43 |
| 16 | 复发转移性分化型甲状腺癌诊治共识显示文摘1前言
甲状腺癌在世界范围内发病率逐年上升,根据2014年美国监测、流行病学及预后项目(Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results Program,SEER)数据,其发病率为12.90/10万,肿瘤相关死亡率为0.50/10万,5年总生存率为97.80%,其中病灶局限于甲状腺内的患者5年生存率达99.90%,而伴有远处转移的患者则降至54.70%。 | 林岩松 张彬 梁智勇 牛丽娟 何霞云 陈立波 丁勇 关海霞 高再荣 侯晓荣 李雪娜 李小毅 李玉军 李玉明 罗渝昆 马庆杰 孙文海 王任飞 张波 安锐 樊友本 郭晔 郭朱明 黄钢 黄慧强 黄韬 蒋宁一 匡安仁 李方 李思进 李亚明 谭建 邢小平 赵家军 | 2015 | 中国癌症杂志2015，25，7： | 45 |
| 17 | Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China显示文摘In China, colorectal cancer(CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China. | Yong Yang Zihan Han Xin Li An Huang Jingyi Shi Jin Gu | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2020，32，6： | 42 |
| 18 | Characteristics of gastric cancer in Asia显示文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is the fourth most common cancer in the world with more than 70%of cases occur in the developing world.More than 50%of cases occur in Eastern Asia.GC is the second leading cause of cancer death in both sexes worldwide.In Asia,GC is the third most common cancer after breast and lung and is the second most common cause of cancer death after lung cancer.Although the incidence and mortality rates are slowly declining in many countries of Asia,GC still remains a significant public health problem.The incidence and mortality varies according to the geographic area in Asia.These variations are closely related to the prevalence of GC risk factors;especially Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)and its molecular virulent characteristics.The gradual and consistent improvements in socioeconomic conditions in Asia have lowered the H.pylori seroprevalence rates leading to a reduction in the GC incidence.However,GC remains a significant public health and an economic burden in Asia.There has been no recent systemic review of GC incidence,mortality,and H.pylori molecular epidemiology in Asia.The aim of this report is to review the GC incidence,mortality,and linkage to H.pylori in Asia. | Rubayat Rahman Akwi W Asombang Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，16： | 50 |
| 19 | Epidemiological progresses of hemorhagic fever with renal syndrome in China显示文摘PurposeTosummarizethemajorachievementsofChineseworkontheepidemiologyandpreventionofhemorhagicfeverwithrenalsyndrome(HFRS)inre... | 宋干 | 1999 | Chinese Medical Journal1999，，5： | 35 |
| 20 | 胸腺肿瘤的诊疗:基于中国胸腺肿瘤协作组多中心回顾性研究的共识显示文摘胸腺肿瘤是胸部实体肿瘤中相对罕见的一个类型[1]。在中国,胸腺肿瘤的发病率约为3.93/100万,这大致为肺癌发病率的1/100、食管癌发病率的1/25。此发病率高于北美报告的胸腺肿瘤发病率[2.14/100万;基于美国医疗保险监督、流行病学和最终结果(Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, SEER)数据库]。不过,SEER数据库也显示,胸腺肿瘤在亚裔中的发病率(3.74/100万)要远高于白人(1.89/100万),且与中国的数据接近。这意味着,胸腺肿〈br〉 瘤在不同的种族和种属之间可能存在差异。与此同时,这两个登记系统均只记录了临床上已处于进展期的“恶性肿瘤”;许多尚处于早期的低级别病变被视作“良性肿瘤”,故未予登记。因此,胸腺肿瘤的确切发病率被大大低估了。随着其他恶性肿瘤(如肺癌)的筛查日益推广,更早期的胸腺肿瘤也有望被及早发现。 | 方文涛 傅剑华 沈毅 魏煜程 谭黎杰 张鹏 韩泳涛 陈椿 张仁泉 李印 陈克能 陈和忠 刘永煜 崔有斌 王允 庞烈文 于振涛 周鑫明 柳阳春 陈刚 中国胸腺肿瘤协作组成员 | 2016 | 中国肺癌杂志2016，19，7： | 39 |
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