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| 1 | Disaster preparedness, pediatric considerations in primary blast injury, chemical, and biological terrorism显示文摘Both domestic and foreign terror incidents are an unfortunate outgrowth of our modern times from the Oklahoma City bombings, Sarin gas attacks in Japan, the Madrid train bombing, anthrax spores in the mail, to the World Trade Center on September 11 th, 2001. The modalities used to perpetrate these terrorist acts range from conventional weapons to high explosives, chemical weapons, and biological weapons all of which have been used in the recent past. While these weapons platforms can cause significant injury requiring critical care the mechanism of injury, pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries are unfamiliar to many critical care providers. Additionally the pediatric population is particularly vulnerable to these types of attacks. In the event of a mass casualty incident both adult and pediatric critical care practitioners will likely be called upon to care for children and adults alike. We will review the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of victims of blast injury, chemical weapons, and biological weapons. The focus will be on those injuries not commonly encountered in critical care practice, primary blast injuries, category A pathogens likely to be used in terrorist incidents, and chemical weapons including nerve agents, vesicants, pulmonary agents, cyanide, and riot control agents with special attention paid to pediatric specific considerations. | Mitchell Hamele William Bradley Poss Jill Sweney | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 14 |
| 2 | Classification and regionalization of the forming environment of windblown sand disasters along the Tarim Desert Highway显示文摘Through the systematic field survey and observations, the factor quantification as well as setting the criteria, the sand disaster-forming environment along the Tarim Desert Highway can be divided into four grades by the classification and regionalization based on fuzzy mathematics. The length of the regions with significant sand disaster accounted for 37.1% of the total highway length. Particularly, the area along the Tarim Desert Highway, based on the sand disaster-forming environment classification as well as the difference in the five basic landform units along the highway, combined with the difference of wind regime, can be divided into five regions, in which the length of the regions suffering severe sand damage occupied 64.3% of the total highway length. In addition, the index of disaster formation grade along the highway decreased from north to south, showing a repeated spatial pattern in small length scales. | LEI JiaQiang LI ShengYu FAN DongDong ZHOU HongWei GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo LIU Shang DU WenYi YAN ZengHui WANG YongChang | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S2： | 11 |
| 3 | Self-organized criticality and its application in the slope disasters under gravity显示文摘Firstly, three kinds of sand pile experiments which reflect the universal process of energy dissipation within the slope accumulation under the self-organized action are reviewed. They all show that self-organized criticality (SOC) is related to granular non-uniform. The experiment of Tokamak plasma system is introduced, which shows some of SOC properties of Tokamak plasmas in Ohmic region or L-mode. Secondly, material tests in geotechnical engineering and numerical simulations of micro-structure of sand piles indicate that SOC is determined by the structural characteristics. Finally, according to the principle of SOC, the behavior of slope disasters under gravity and its forecast as well as the design of protection engineering are discussed. | YAO Lingkan, HUANG Yuan & LU Yang School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610031, China | 2003 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2003，46，z1： | 10 |
| 4 | Study on evaluation of cities' ability reducing earthquake disasters显示文摘Cities′ ability reducing earthquake disasters is a complex system involving numerous factors, moreover the re-search on evaluating cities′ ability reducing earthquake disasters relates to multi-subject, such as earthquake sci-ence, social science, economical science and so on. In this paper, firstly, the conception of cities′ ability reducingearthquake disasters is presented, and the ability could be evaluated with three basic elements - the possible seis-mic casualty and economic loss during the future earthquakes that are likely to occur in the city and its surround-ings and time required for recovery after earthquake; based upon these three basic elements, a framework, whichconsists of six main components, for evaluating city′s ability reducing earthquake disasters is proposed; then thestatistical relations between the index system and the ratio of seismic casualty, the ratio of economic loss and re-covery time are gained utilizing the cities′ prediction results of earthquake disasters which were made during theninth five-year plan; at last, the method defining the comprehensive index of cities′ ability reducing earthquakedisasters is presented. Thus the relatively comprehensive theory frame is set up. The frame can evaluate cities′ability reducing earthquake disasters absolutely and quantitatively and consequently instruct the decision-makingon reducing cities′ earthquake disasters loss. | 张风华 谢礼立 范立础 | 2004 | Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)2004，17，3： | 9 |
| 5 | A Dilemma of Language: “Natural Disasters” in Academic Literature显示文摘For decades sections of the academic community have been emphasizing that disasters are not natural.Nevertheless, politicians, the media, various international organizations—and, more surprisingly, many established researchers working in disaster studies—are still widely using the expression 'natural disaster.' We systematically analyzed the usage of the expression 'natural disaster' by disaster studies researchers in 589 articles in six key academic journals representative of disaster studies research,and found that authors are using the expression in three principal ways:(1) delineating natural and human-induced hazards;(2) using the expression to leverage popularity;and(3) critiquing the expression 'natural disaster.' We also identified vulnerability themes that illustrate the context of 'natural disaster' usage. The implications of continuing to use this expression, while explicitly researching human vulnerability, are wide-ranging, and we explore what this means for us and our peers. This study particularly aims to stimulate debate within the disaster studies research community and related fields as to whether the term 'natural disaster' is really fit for purpose moving forward. | Ksenia Chmutina Jason von Meding | 2019 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2019，10，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Indonesian nurses' perception of disaster management preparedness显示文摘Purpose: Using a quantitative approach, this study aims to assess Indonesian nurses' perception of their knowledge, skills, and preparedness regarding disaster management. Methods: This study was a descriptive comparison in design. The research samples are Indonesian nurses working in medical services and educational institutions. The variables of nurses' preparedness to cope with disaster victims were measured using the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET), which was electronically distributed to all nurses in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using a statistical descriptive one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test with a significance level of 95%. Results: In total, 1341 Indonesian nurses completed this survey. The average scores of preparedness to cope with disasters, the ability to recover from disaster, and evaluation of disaster victims were 3.13, 2.53, and 2.46, respectively. In general, nurses surveyed in this study are less prepared for disaster management, and do not understand their roles either during the phase of disaster preparedness or in coping with a postdisaster situation. Conclusion: Nurses' preparedness and understanding of their roles in coping with disasters are still low in Indonesia. Therefore, their capacity in preparedness, responses, recovery, and evaluation of disasters needs improvement through continuing education. The efforts needed are significant due to potential disasters in Indonesia. | Martono Martono Satino Satino Nursalam Nursalam Ferry Efendi Angeline Bushy | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2019，22，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Post-disaster medical rescue strategy in tropical regions显示文摘BACKGROUND:Earthquakes,floods,droughts,storms,mudslides,landslides,and forest wild fires are serious threats to human lives and properties.The present study aimed to study the environmental characteristics and pathogenic traits,recapitulate experiences,and augment applications of medical reliefs in tropical regions.METHODS:Analysis was made on work and projects of emergency medical rescue,based on information and data collected from 3 emergency medical rescue missions of China International Search and Rescue Team to overseas earthquakes and tsunamis aftermaths in tropical disaster regions — Indonesia-Aceh,Indonesia-Yogyakarta,and Haiti-Port au Prince.RESULTS:Shock,infection and heat stroke were frequently encountered in addition to outbreaks of infectious diseases,skin diseases,and diarrhea during post-disaster emergency medical rescue in tropical regions.CONCLUSIONS:High temperature,high humidity,and proliferation of microorganisms and parasites are the characteristics of tropical climate that impose strict requirements on the preparation of rescue work including selective team members suitable for a particular rescue mission and the provisioning of medical equipment and life support materials.The overseas rescue mission itself needs a scientific,efficient,simple workflow for providing efficient emergency medical assistance.Since shock and infection are major tasks in post-disaster treatment of severely injured victims in tropical regions,the prevention and diagnosis of hyperthermia,insect-borne infectious diseases,tropic skin diseases,infectious diarrhea,and pest harms of disaster victims and rescue team staff should be emphasized during the rescue operations. | Xiang-hui Li Shi-ke Hou Jing-chen Zheng Hao-jun Fan Jian-qi Song | 2012 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2012，3，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Subsidy Policy System for Agricultural Natural Disasters in China显示文摘From theories and cases,this paper analyzed current situation of subsidy policy system for agricultural natural disasters in China.Improvement and perfection of subsidy policies for agricultural natural disasters need clear classification and additional special subsidy plan.It is recommended to improve and perfect subsidy policy system for agricultural natural disasters through attaching importance to scientific studies on reduction and prevention of agricultural disasters and gradually supplementing agricultural disaster reduction and prevention system. | Rong LUO Fengxian YAN Jun GE | 2014 | Asian Agricultural Research2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 9 | Reviewing the Oceanic Nino Index(ONI) to Enhance Societal Readiness for El Nino’s Impacts显示文摘NOAA’s Oceanic Nino Index(ONI)is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Nino episodes,based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the central Pacific Ocean.The ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months,encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Nino episode.The first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5℃suggests with a high probability that an El Nino could emerge,but for heightened warnings,one must wait for several months.In this article,we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7℃identifies a tipping point at which the El Nino event becomes locked in,which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision makers.Our preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7℃value could serve as a credible marker of El Nino’s locked-in phase,which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5℃El Nino onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Nino’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts. | Michael H.Glantz Ivan J.Ramirez | 2020 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2020，11，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Significance of vulnerability assessment in establishment of Hainan provincal disaster medical system显示文摘Hainan is an island province in south China with a high frequency of unconventional emergencies due to its special geographic location and national military defense role.Given the limited transportation route from Hainan to the outside world,self-rescue is more important to Hainan Province than other provinces in China and it is therefore imperative to establish an independent, scientific as well as efficient provincal disaster medical system in Hainan.The regulatory role for vulnerability analysis/assessment has been demonstrated in establisment of disaster medical system in varoius countries and or regions.In this paper,we attempt to describe/propose how to adopt vulnerability assessment through mathematical modeling of major biophysical social vulnerability factors to establish an independent,scientific,effieicnt and comprehensive provincial disaster medical system in Hainan. | Min Li Chuanzhu Lu Wei Son Junhong Miao Yipeng Ding Longhe Li Leilei Zhang Nin Zhao Bijiang Hu Yunjun Zhang | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，8： | 2 |
| 11 | Rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters: A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND: Natural and man-made disasters, especially those occurring in large scales not only result in human mortality, but also cause physical, psychological, and social disabilities. Providing effective rehabilitation services in time can decrease the frequency of such disabilities. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review related to rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters.METHODS: The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA) guidelines. The key words 'recovery', 'rehabilitation', 'reconstruction', 'transformation', 'transition', 'emergency', 'disaster', 'crisis', 'hazard', 'catastrophe', 'tragedy', 'mass casualty incident', 'women', 'female', 'children', 'pediatric', 'disable', 'handicap', 'elder', 'old' and 'vulnerable' were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. ISI Web of Science, PubM ed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQ uest, Wiley, Google Scholar were searched.RESULTS: In this study a total of 11 928 articles were considered and 25 articles were selected for f inal review of rehabilitation of vulnerable groups based on the objective of this study. Twenty-f ive studies including six qualitative, sixteen cross-sectional and three randomized controlled trials were reviewed for rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. Out of the selected papers, 23 were studied based on rehabilitation after natural disasters and the remaining were man-made disasters. Most types of rehabilitation were physical, social, psychological and economic.CONCLUSION: The review of the papers showed different programs of physical, physiological, economic and social rehabilitations for vulnerable groups after emergencies and disasters. It may help health field managers better implement standard rehabilitation activities for vulnerable groups. | Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri Mohammad H. Yarmohammadian Fatemeh Rezaei Mohammad Reza Maracy | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 12 | THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINFALL AND DISASTERS OF DEBRIS FLOW IN BEIJING AREA显示文摘The relationship between the characteristics of rainfall and disasters of debris flow in Beijing area is analyzed in this paper. Topographically induced convergence and upward motion of air are one of the most importam mechanism that may cause and strengthen storm rainfall in the western and northern mountain area of Beijing. Most disasters of Beijing debris flow occurred on both sides of the rainfall detention line due to the storm clouds detained by the mountains in the last decades. It is related to the topographically nocturnal storms that the debris flow often occurs during the night in Beijing. The local thermal circulation causes violent cyclonic convergence that motivates nocturnal storm rainfall in the mountain area. The rainfall intensity triggering the debris flow is the 3-day-precipitation analogous to the value at recurrence rate of once in fifty years. The storm rainfall with the intensity of 50 mm per hour may trigger debris flow, when the water content of the loose earth reaches saturation. It is found that the 3-day- rainfall over 300 mm and 1-hour-rainfall over 50 mm are the critical warning intensity of rainfall in Beijing area. | PANG Bingdong Assoc. Prof Dept. Of Basic Sciences, Beijing Insitute of Meteorology, Beijing 100081, China | 1997 | International Journal of Sediment Research1997，12，3： | 1 |
| 13 | 初中英语教学中单元导入的新思路——以牛津英语8A Unit 8 Natural disasters为例显示文摘苏霍姆林斯基曾说过:'如果教师不想办法使学生产生情绪高昂的智力振奋的内心状态,就急于传授知识,那么这种知识只能使人产生冷漠的态度,而给不懂感情的脑力劳动带来疲劳。'积极的思维活动能给后期的课堂学习带来事半功倍的效果,富有启发性的导入能够激发学生的思维兴趣。一个带有明确目的而富有激情的导入能吸引学生的注意力,激发他们的学习兴趣;一个带有启发思维的问题,能开阔学生的思路,让学生学会分析与论证,批判和评价,提高学生的想象力和创造力;一节带有深思的课堂,能够让学生学会恰当地推理判断,内化已学知识,举一反三,达到运用自如的效果。 | 陆美华 | 2019 | 中学生英语2019，，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Modeling Impact of Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters on Income Distribution in the United States显示文摘Economic damage due to hurricane activities has been shown to impact income inequality in the coastal states of the United States. We consider 17 other natural hazards, in addition to hurricanes, that affected the entire United States for the period 1970–2013. Two fixed effects models were developed to quantify the relationship between income inequality and economic and demographic variables, including crop and property losses from natural hazard-induced disasters. These models include state-byyear and region-by-year fixed effects models. Our findings show that the damages from all natural hazards impact income distribution across the United States, not only in hurricane-affected areas, but also in non-hurricane states.The results of our study have important implications for the insurance industry and government policymakers. | Lin Fang Jiayu Wu Tatjana Miljkovic | 2017 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2017，8，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Increasing the value of weather-related warnings显示文摘Despite advances in forecasting and emergency preparedness, weather related disasters continue to cost many lives, to displace populations and to cause wide-spread damage. Therefore, High Impact Weather Project (HIWeather), a 10-year research project (http://gffzz72c37a797ca44d97s5qfoxk5fqqk56un0.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/en/resources/buHetin/hiweather-10-yearresearch- project), was established in 2016 by WM0 (World Meteorology Organization) WWRP (World Weather Research Program: http://gffzz74e393fd09b145d8s5qfoxk5fqqk56un0.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/wwrp_new_en. html). HIWeather aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of weather-related hazard warnings, following recent advancement in numerical weather prediction at km-scale and in disaster risk reduction. The implementation plan was developed under the concept of warning chain, which comprises all components and the connections between to a successful weather-hazards warning: observations, weather forecast, hazard forecast, impact forecast, the generation of warnings and decision making (Fig. 1). A successful warning relies on information produced by the meteorological and related physical sciences, thus its effectiveness of delivery depends on applications of social, behavioral and economic sciences. The workshop of WM0 High Impact Weather Project was held in Beijing during 20-22 November of 2018, attracted a diverse and interdisciplinary group of over 70 scientists from 25 countries in the broad field of physical and social science, during which all elements of the warning chain were discussed critically. | Qinghong Zhang Liye Li Beth Ebert Brian Golding David Johnston Brian Mills Shannon Panchuk Sally Potter Michael Riemer Juanzhen Sun Andrea Taylor Sarah Jones Paolo Ruti Julia Keller | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Participatory Disaster Recovery Simulation Modeling for Community Resilience Planning显示文摘A major challenge in enhancing the resilience of communities stems from current approaches used to identify needs and strategies that build the capacity of jurisdictions to mitigate loss and improve recovery. A new generation of resilience-based planning processes has emerged in the last several years that integrate goals of community well-being and identity into recovery-based performance measurement frameworks. Specific tools and refined guidance are needed to facilitate evidence-based development of recovery estimates. This article presents the participatory modeling process, a planning system designed to develop recovery-based resilience measurement frameworks for community resilience planning initiatives. Stakeholder engagement is infused throughout the participatory modeling process by integrating disaster recovery simulation modeling into community resilience planning. Within the process, participants get a unique opportunity to work together to deliberate on community concerns through facilitated participatory modeling. The participatory modeling platform combines the DESaster recovery simulation model and visual analytics interfaces.DESaster is an open source Python Library for creating discrete event simulations of disaster recovery. The simulation model was developed using a human-centered design approach whose goal is to be open, modular, and extensible. The process presented in this article is the first participatory modeling approach for analyzing recovery to aid creation of community resilience measurement frameworks. | Scott B.Miles | 2018 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2018，9，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Genetic Mechanism of Water-Rich Landslide Considering Antecedent Rainfalls:A Case Study of Pingyikou Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area显示文摘Water-rich slope,which could easily fail after prolonged or heavy rain,is very sensitive to rainfall.Pingyikou Landslide is a typical water-rich slope located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China.It was unstable because of the continuous rainfall that occurred from September to October 2017.To understand the deformation process and genetic mechanism of the landslide,the geomorphological features,geological characteristics,hydrological conditions,and rainfall characteristics were systematically studied by a detailed field investigation of the slope and monitoring of rainfall,water level,and displacement.In addition,the influence of different initial conditions on the stability of the slope was also studied through numerical simulation using measured rainfall data on the basis of which,the effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability was studied by unsaturated seepage analysis method.The results show that the deformation of slope is strongly correlated with the rainfall and groundwater level,and this landslide is a typical rainfall-induced landslide.In the analysis of genetic mechanism of the same type of landslide,a maximum initial pore water pressure of -25 kPa as the initial condition is reasonable.And the antecedent rainfall has a greater effect on the stability of the slope,more than 10 days of antecedent rainfall should be considered when designing and controling the slope. | Defu Tong Aijun Su Fei Tan Jiandong Tang Xiongwei Yi | 2023 | Journal of Earth Science2023，34，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Emergency aero-photo survey after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China显示文摘After the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake which took place on May 12, 2008, aerial remote sensing has rapidly covered all the influence sites of the earthquake, emergency aero-photo interpretation has re- vealed the disaster distribution limitation, and captured the information of location, dimension of the destroyed houses, roads and other structures, blocked rivers, etc, which provided destroying condi- tions of the time for rescuing lives, rebuilding traffic lines and estimating disaster situation. The further interpretation and analysis indicate that large scale second growth geological disasters mainly dis- tribute in the distance of 0―300 km and 45°―50° orientation from the epicenter. About 137 latent large-scale landslides and debris-flows will occur in this rain season and coming several years, so how to avoid current geological disasters as well as the latent large disasters should be considered in making rebuilding and developing plan. | WANG ZhiHua XU QiDe XU Bin ZHANG Wei | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Emergency Plan for Water Supply in Consecutive Droughts and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Beijing显示文摘Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national 'South-to-North Water Transfer'(STNWT) project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10~9 m^3.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources. | LI Wenpeng ZHENG Yuejun YE Chao LI Haitao | 2018 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2018，92，3： | 1 |
| 20 | ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATERENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE CONTIGUOUSREGION OF JIANGSU,SHANGDONG,HENANAND ANHUI PROVINCES显示文摘Owing to intensive human activities and the floods of the Huaihe River in historic peiod, the contiguous region of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui provinces is suffering from a variety of environmental problems and naturaldisasters, of which water pollution and drought-flood disasters are most observable. Considering the special location andenvironmental status of the contiguous region, advices are proposed in the paper: perfecting trans-regional managementssystem of water environment incorporating basin management agencies in local government activities; strengthening cooperation of two agencies: water conservancy agency and environment protection agency; enhancing integrated control ofwater pollution and flood-drought disasters; taking the interests of the whole river into acount and paying attention to bothstorage and drainage; broadening sources of water supply and inceasing water delivery; controlling pollutant discharge,developing water saving production system. | 季子修 于秀波 张琛 | 1999 | Chinese Geographical Science1999，9，1： | 0 |
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