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| 1 | 黑河地区沙漠气溶胶浓度和谱分布特征显示文摘本文根据黑河地区的观测结果,着重分析了沙漠气溶胶浓度及其谱分布特征。沙漠气溶胶浓度较低,其中细粒子占绝对优势。扬尘时气溶胶浓度显著增加,其中粗粒子增加幅度最大,比平时高20倍以上,直径(D)在2.0—100 μm间的粗粒子浓度比重从晴天的1.9%上升到9.6%。中等降雨对D>4.0μm的沙漠气溶胶粒子的清除效率非常高(>90%),但对总浓度的清除效果不很明显(42.5%),尤其是对其中的D | 雷文方 任丽新 吕位秀 张文 | 1993 | 高原气象1993，12，2： | 36 |
| 2 | 青岛市大气PM_(2.5)元素组成及来源研究显示文摘利用2007年5月~2008年5月气溶胶观测资料和逐日天气资料,分析了青岛市2.5μm气溶胶粒子(PM2.5)浓度特征、元素组成和来源.结果表明,青岛市PM2.5和PM10年均浓度分别为86.6μg.m-3和120μg.m-3.PM2.5浓度采暖季高于非采暖季,夏季最低.PM2.5浓度在荒漠和人为共同影响下的气团中最高,在海洋影响气团中最低.PM2.5和PM10的主要组成元素是S、Ca、Cl、K和Fe,主要污染元素集中在PM2.5中;PM2.5中Cl、K、Zn、Br和Pb浓度采暖季较大,夏季较小,Ca元素变化趋势则相反.V、Cr、Cu、As、Se、Sr和Zr的浓度受不同来源气团影响不显著,S、Cl、K、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Br、Pb和Ca的浓度在不同来源气团下存在较大差异.降水对S、K、Pb和Fe质量浓度的影响最为明显.富集因子分析表明,所有元素在PM2.5中的富集因子普遍大于PM10,青岛市非地壳来源的元素在PM2.5中所占比例大于PM10.Ca元素富集因子夏季较大,可能受到建筑尘影响. | 李秀镇 盛立芳 徐华 屈文军 | 2012 | 环境科学2012，33，5： | 33 |
| 3 | 华北平原城乡夏季PM2.5组成特征及来源研究显示文摘为研究华北平原细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的组成特征及来源,基于CAREBEIJING-NCP 2014大型观测项目,于2014年夏季在北京城区和河北郊区望都进行了同步观测,分析了两地PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子、元素、有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC).结果表明,采样期间望都站点PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为(71.47±38.04)μg/m^3,高于北京城区(51.44±30.94)μg/m^3,PM_(2.5)中各化学组分浓度也均表现为望都高于北京,二次无机离子(硫酸盐、硝酸盐及铵盐)在两地PM_(2.5)中占比最高,约为60%.PM_(2.5)中多种元素浓度也表现为望都均高于北京,但富集因子分析表明,北京市PM_(2.5)中元素富集因子更高.来源分析表明,两地PM_(2.5)中元素均受到工业源和尘源的影响;此外,观测期间两地均受到生物质燃烧影响.后向轨迹分析表明,当到达两地的气团来向相同时,北京与望都PM_(2.5)浓度水平和化学组成呈现相似性,但当气团来向不同时,两地污染特征差异较大. | 周甜 闫才青 李小滢 蔡靖 郭晓霜 王锐 吴宇声 曾立民 朱彤 张远航 郑玫 | 2017 | 中国环境科学2017，37，9： | 16 |
| 4 | Precipitation Chemistry and Corresponding Transport Patterns of Influencing Air Masses at Huangshan Mountain in East China显示文摘One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean(VWM) pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2-4and Ca2+were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO2-4]/[NO-3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants. | SHI ChunE DENG Xueliang YANG Yuanjian HUANG Xiangrong WU Biwen | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，5： | 9 |
| 5 | ON A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR SOUTHERN ASIAN CONVECTION INFLUENCING THE SOUTH ASIAN HIGH ESTABLISHMENT DURING WINTER TO SUMMER TRANSITION显示文摘The establishment of the South-Asian high (SAH) in April and May over the Indochina Peninsula (IP) is investigated based on the ERA-40 reanalysis data. The result shows that the SAH is generated and strengthened over the IP locally, rather than moving westward to the IP from the Western Pacific. After the SAH establishment the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) forms above the ocean to the east of the Philippines. We have found that the principal triggering factor of both the SAH construction and the TUTT formation is the variation in the Southern Asian atmospheric diabatic heating regime. In late April, both the climbing effect of Shan Plateau and the local surface sensible heating contribute to local rainfall over the IP. Then the local updraft and upper-air divergence are strengthened, being responsible for the SAH formed in the southern part of the IP. As convection moves northward along the Australian-Asian 'maritime continent' and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) summer monsoon begins, the convection is intensified in May on the eastern BoB. The strong convection results in the SAH enhancing and expanding westward, accompanied by reinforced meridional flow to the east of SAH, where responses of the circulation to diabatic heating arrive at a quasi-steady state. Meanwhile, because of the positive geopotential vorticity advection resulting from upper equatorward flow, the local positive relative vorticity increases over the ocean to the east of the Philippines, making the tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) form around 150°E. | 刘伯奇 何金海 王黎娟 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 7 |
| 6 | 参数对输水管道水流冲击气团压力的影响显示文摘从理论上研究了阀门前充水段长度、滞留气团的初始长度、多方指数n等参数对输水管道水流冲击气团最大压力的影响.研究表明,阀前充水段长度仅改变系统的波动频率而与冲击气团最大压力无关.在忽略水头损失时,滞留气团的初始长度与冲击气团最大压力无关,而在考虑水头损失时,滞留气团的初始长度越长,水流冲击气团的最大压力越小,衰减越快;随着多方指数n值增大,水流冲击气团的最大压力减少;管路中的初始稳定气压对水流冲击气团产生的最大压力影响显著. | 张健 郑源 刘德有 索丽生 范波芹 | 2004 | 河海大学学报(自然科学版)2004，32，6： | 6 |
| 7 | VERIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONE RAINFALL PREDICTIONS FROM CMA AND JMA GLOBAL MODELS显示文摘The number of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2009 is significantly less than the average (27.4). However, the number of landfall TC over China's Mainland and its associated rainfall is more than the average. This paper focuses on the performance of numerical weather prediction (NWP) of landfall TC precipitation over China in 2009. The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) models are compared. Although the schemes of physical processes, the data assimilation system and the dynamic frame are entirely different for the two models, the results of forecast verification are similar to each other for TC rainfall and track except for TC Goni. In this paper, a day with daily rainfall amount greater than 50 mm was selected as a storm rain day when there was a TC affecting the mainland. There are 32 storm rain days related to the landing of typhoons and tropical depressions. The rainfall forecast verification methods of National Meteorological Centre (NMC) of CMA are selected to verify the models' rainfall forecast. Observational precipitation analyses related to TCs in 2009 indicate a U-shape spatial distribution in China. It is found that the rain belt forecasted by the two models within 60 hours shows good agreement with observations, both in the location and the maximum rainfall center. Beyond 3 days, the forecasted rainfall belt shifts northward on average, and the rainfall amount of the model forecasts becomes under-predicted. The rainfall intensity of CMA model forecast is more reasonable than that of JMA model. For heavy rain, the JMA model made more missing forecasts. The TC rainfall is verified in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Hainan where rainfall amount related to TCs is relatively larger than in other regions. The results indicate that the model forecast for Guangdong and Guangxi is more skillful than that for Hainan. The rainfall forecast for Hainan remains difficult for the models because of insufficient observation data and special tropical ocean climate. | 王雨 沈学顺 陈德辉 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 6 |
| 8 | A STATISTICAL PREDICTION MODEL FOR SPRING RAINFALL OVER NORTHERN CHINA BASED ON THE INTERANNUAL INCREMENT APPROACH显示文摘The spring (March-April-May) rainfall over northern China (SPRNC) is predicted by using the interannual increment approach. DY denotes the difference between the current year and previous years. The seasonal forecast model for the DY of SPRNC is constructed based on the data that are taken from the 1965-2002 period (38 years), in which six predictors are available no later than the current month of February. This is favorable so that the seasonal forecasts can be made one month ahead. Then, SPRNC and the percentage anomaly of SPRNC are obtained by the predicted DY of SPRNC. The model performs well in the prediction of the inter-annual variation of the DY of SPRNC during 1965-2002, with a correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed DY of SPRNC of 0.87. This accounts for 76% of the total variance, with a low value for the average root mean square error (RMSE) of 20%. Both the results of the hindcast for the period of 2003-2010 (eight years) and the cross-validation test for the period of 1965-2009 (45 years) illustrate the good prediction capability of the model, with a small mean relative error of 10%, an RMSE of 17% and a high rate of coherence of 87.5% for the hindcasts of the percentage anomaly of SPRNC. | 范可 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 6 |
| 9 | 气象条件对深圳近地面臭氧浓度的影响分析显示文摘以深圳近地面臭氧浓度和气象条件为研究对象,分析了深圳臭氧污染与气温、相对湿度、风速、气团轨迹等气象因素关系。结果表明,深圳臭氧污染与气象要素密切相关,一般在气温高于24℃,相对湿度在55%~85%,日平均风速低于2m/s,受到偏北气团影响时,深圳易出现臭氧污染。 | 梁永贤 郑卓云 徐光仪 颜敏 | 2018 | 环境科学导刊2018，37，2： | 6 |
| 10 | 气团来源对沿海城市PM_(2.5)中二次水溶性无机离子形成特征的影响研究显示文摘大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))与雾霾天气密切相关,PM_(2.5)吸附的有毒有害物质,可能给人体健康带来危害。二次水溶性无机离子(SNA,包括SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和NH_4^+)是PM_(2.5)的重要组分,研究PM_(2.5)中SNA污染特征及形成和演化的影响因素,对认识雾霾污染的生消机制,提升人们的生活质量具有重要意义。利用在线气体及气溶胶成分监测系统(MARGA)观测了宁波市滨海地区春季、夏季和秋季大气PM_(2.5)中的SNA和气态污染物的变化趋势,并利用后向轨迹分析研究了不同气团影响下污染物的日变化规律。结果表明,观测期间,SNA在PM_(2.5)中的平均占比约为70.7%,NO_3^-是导致PM_(2.5)污染加重的主导离子。NO_3^-和SO_4^(2-)受气团传输影响较大,来自陆地气团的质量浓度普遍高于海洋气团,来自西北内陆方向的污染物输送是导致宁波空气质量下降的主要原因。宁波大气中的硫氧化率(SOR)较高,SO_4^(2-)主要由SO_2发生二次氧化反应生成;SO_4^(2-)的形成与相对湿度(RH)密切相关,SOR随着RH的增加而显著增大,当RH>85%时,大气中的硫氧化物绝大部分以SO_4^(2-)形式存在,SOR接近1;而温度变化对SOR无明显影响;来自西南与东部受海洋显著影响的气团SOR高于来自陆地气团的相应值。夏季RH普遍较高,西南方向气团影响下高浓度的气态污染物(NO_2、O_3、NH_3)可明显促进SO_4^(2-)的生成,一定程度上控制人为气态污染物的排放能有效减少SO_4^(2-)生成。与SOR比较而言,氮氧化率(NOR)和NO_3^-与温度、RH、气态污染物浓度等环境因素的关系比较复杂,暗示多种反应机理共同作用影响氮氧化物的转化。 | 林佳梅 易辉 佟磊 李建荣 肖航 | 2019 | 生态环境学报2019，28，4： | 5 |
| 11 | Analysis of condenser venting rates based on the air mass entransy increases显示文摘Condenser thermal performances, such as the back pressure and venting rate, are strongly affected by the tube arrangement. Condensers have three irreversible processes for the fluid flow, heat transfer and mass diffusion.The condenser venting rate is studied here based on an air mass entransy analysis. The air mass entransy increment rate for the steam and air mixture on the condenser shell side is expressed as a function of the distributed air mass fraction and the steam condensation rate to define the relationship between the condenser venting rate and the flow parameters. Condensers with three typical tube arrangements were analyzed numerically using the porous medium model. The results show that a bigger venting rate always corresponds to a smaller air mass entransy increment rate. The air mass entransy generally decreases in the air concentration region and increases in the air cooling region under the combined action of the air diffusion and steam condensation. The numerical results indicate that the air cooling region of a condenser should be carefully designed and the cooling tubes should be properly arranged to guide the steam flow so as to weaken air concentration,and consequently to decrease the venting rate. | Ji’an Meng Hui Zeng Zhixin Li | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，26： | 5 |
| 12 | 楚雄州干旱分布特征及成因分析显示文摘基于楚雄州1952年以来历史发生的干旱史料,对1971年~2003年近30多年的降雨资料做距平分析,以此来研究近30多年来楚雄州干旱发生的时间、空间分布规律;运用天气学理论解析形成楚雄州干旱的天气气候成因,并运用天气动力学理论揭示了楚雄州年平均降雨量较周边地区少的因果关系。 | 鲁永新 | 2007 | 楚雄师范学院学报2007，22，9： | 4 |
| 13 | RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE POSITION VARIATION OF THE WEST PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND THE DIABATIC HEATING DURING PERSISTENT INTENSE RAIN EVENTS IN YANGTZE-HUAIHE RIVERS BASIN显示文摘By using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data and daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China, relationships between the position variation of the West Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the diabatic heating during persistent and intense rains in the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers basin are studied. The results show that the position variation of WPSH is closely associated with the diabatic heating. There are strong apparent heating sources and moisture sinks in both the basin (to the north of WPSH) and the north of Bay of Bengal (to the west of WPSH) during persistent and intense rain events. In the basin, Q 1z begins to increase 3 days ahead of intense rainfall, maximizes 2 days later and then reduces gradually, but it changes little after precipitation ends, thus preventing the WPSH from moving northward. In the north of Bay of Bengal, 2 days ahead of strong rainfall over the basin, Q 1z starts to increase and peaks 1 day after the rain occurs, leading to the westward extension of WPSH. Afterwards, Q 1z begins declining and the WPSH makes its eastward retreat accordingly. Based on the complete vertical vorticity equation, in mid-troposphere, the vertical variation of heating in the basin is favorable to the increase of cyclonic vorticity north of WPSH, which counteracts the northward movement of WPSH and favors the persistence of rainbands over the basin. The vertical variation of heating in the north of Bay of Bengal is in favor of the increase of anti-cyclonic vorticity to the west of WPSH, which induces the westward extension of WPSH. | 王黎娟 陈璇 管兆勇 曾明剑 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 4 |
| 14 | 气团客观分类实施方案研究显示文摘本文提出了一种基于天气气候学途径的气团客观分类实施方案。该方案通过主成份分析对多元气象变量进行空间降维后,由模糊聚类法对样本进行归类。用淮阴市常规地面观测资料对方案进行的试验表明,该方案能够将不易区分的天气系统分成鲜明天气特征的气团类别。方案本身的综合、客观和实用性显示出基于天气气候学途径的气团客观分类方案不仅在天气气候分析领域,而且在有关环境、生物、地理等研究中都具有广阔的应用前景。 | 张永强 周文贤 | 1997 | 气象科学1997，17，4： | 4 |
| 15 | APPLICATION OF GENERALIZED CONVECTIVE VORTICITY VECTOR IN A RAINFALL PROCESS CAUSED BY A LANDFALLING TROPICAL DEPRESSION显示文摘A heavy rainfall process, which occurred in Shanghai during 5-6 August, 2001 from a landfalling tropical depression (TD),is examined with a control numerical experiment based on MM5 model. It is found that the contours of generalized equivalent potential temperature (θ*) are almost vertical with respect to horizontal surfaces near the TD center and more densely distributed than those of equivalent potential temperature (θe).Because the atmosphere is non-uniformly saturated in reality, θ* takes the place of θe in the definition of convective vorticity vector (CVV) so that a new vector, namely the generalized convective vorticity vector (CVV*), is applied in this study. Since CVV* can reflect both the secondary circulation and the variation of horizontal moist baroclinicity, the vertical integration of vertical component of CVV* is found, in this study, to represent the rainfall areas in the TD case better than potential vorticity (PV), moist potential vorticity (MPV), generalized moist potential vorticity (Pm), and CVV, with high-value area of CVV* corresponding to heavy-rainfall area. Moreover, the analysis from CVV* implies that the Hangzhou Bay might play an important role in the heavy rain process. A sensitivity experiment without the Hangzhou Bay is then designed and compared with the control run. It is found that the CVV* becomes weaker than that in the control run, implying that the elimination of Hangzhou Bay results in reduced rainfall. Further analyses show that the Hangzhou Bay provides sufficient water vapor and surface heat flux to the TD system, which is very important to the genesis and development of mesoscale cloud clusters around the TD and the associated heavy rainfall. | 喻自凤 余晖 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 4 |
| 16 | 尾水隧洞通气孔进排气瞬态过程研究显示文摘基于一维瞬变流理论和特征线法,采用自由气体空穴模型,并考虑气体的热力学特性,建立了尾水通气孔的过渡过程数学模型。结合该类水电站实际工程的水道布置及机械特性,建立引水发电系统过渡过程整体数学模型,模拟过渡过程工况下通气孔进排气及局部气液两相流。结果表明:通气孔进气可以有效缓解隧洞中的负压,但空气排出时伴随较大的撞击压力,其来源于被空气分隔的液柱重新弥合,发生直接水锤现象。通气孔面积较大时,撞击压力随着面积的增加而减小;通气孔面积较小时,撞击压力随着面积的增加而增加。根据其特性,提出通气孔结构优化方案,即进气时孔口全部打开,排气时只有部分孔口排气,当排气面积占进气面积10%左右时,压力振荡得到较好的控制。 | 俞晓东 张健 | 2016 | 水利学报2016，47，8： | 3 |
| 17 | 雾、霾及气团来源对青岛大气气溶胶中水溶性无机离子粒径分布的影响显示文摘为探究特殊天气和气团雾霾来源对大气气溶胶中水溶性无机离子粒径分布的影响,于2012年3月—2013年7月采集了气溶胶分级样品,用离子色谱仪分析了其主要水溶性无机离子浓度。结果表明,水溶性无机离子总浓度霾天〉雾天〉非特殊天气,且细粒子中无机离子浓度明显升高,特别是二次离子SO42-、NO3-和NH4+(SNA)。NH4+、K+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-浓度为霾天〉雾天〉非特殊天气,Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-、NO2-浓度为霾天〉非特殊天气〉雾天。SNA峰值浓度均呈现霾天〉雾天〉非特殊天气的规律,且NO3-和SO42-在雾天下细粒子中的峰值出现向较大粒径迁移的现象。NO2-和NO3-均呈现双峰分布,二者具有一定的关联性。Cl-和Na+不同天气下均呈现双峰分布(0.65~1.1μm、3.3~4.7μm),F-则呈现0.43~0.65μm和3.3~4.7μm的双峰分布;Ca2+和Mg2+均呈现峰值位于3.3~4.7μm的单峰分布。雾天和霾天细粒径段酸度明显增加,且雾天细粒子中的酸度峰值向较大粒径段迁移。不同气团来源对大气气溶胶中水溶性无机离子的浓度以及粒径分布的峰值均有一定影响。 | 郗梓延 张瑞峰 陈晓静 刘正宇 吴琛 祁建华 | 2016 | 城市环境与城市生态2016，29，3： | 3 |
| 18 | 冬季局地大气SO_2浓度变化的天气气候学方法研究显示文摘本文根据一种气团客观分类方案,在对研究区域气团类型进行分类的基础上,研究了局地SO_2浓度随气团类型的变化。结果表明,SO_2浓度值作为气团类型的函数变化是显著的;较高的SO_2浓度值出现在那些变胜深、移动慢、持续时间长的反气旋中;个例分析揭示了一次持续时间较长的高SO_2浓度事件的出现与对流层中层的一次中期天气过程的发生、发展、崩溃过程间的良好对应关系。 | 张永强 颜松林 | 2000 | 气象科学2000，20，1： | 2 |
| 19 | 沿海地区不同来向气团中非甲烷挥发性有机物的组成特征研究显示文摘在我国东部沿海城市两个采样点上对不同来向气团中非甲烷挥发性有机物(NMVOCs)的组成特征进行了观测研究.采用离线方法(苏玛罐采样、三级冷阱预浓缩、GC-FID分析)进行样品测定;利用拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(HYSPLIT-4)模拟计算气团后向轨迹.结果表明,观测期间总非甲烷挥发性有机物(TNMVOCs)浓度的变化范围为4.31×10^-9~68.97×10^-9(体积分数,下同),主要受工业活动、溶剂和液化石油气使用影响;不同来向气团的NMVOCs组成特征有明显差异,陆地气团的NMVOCs浓度高于海洋气团,途经工业较发达地区的气团其烯烃、芳香烃和烷烃占比较高,受机动车排放的影响较大. | 马伟 王章玮 郭佳 张晓山 | 2019 | 环境科学学报2019，39，11： | 2 |
| 20 | ASYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF CONVECTION ASSOCIATED WITH TROPICAL CYCLONES MAKING LANDFALL ON THE EAST CHINA COAST显示文摘The asymmetric distribution of convection associated with tropical cyclones making landfall on the east China coast is studied with black-body temperature (TBB) data from Fengyun-2 (FY-2) geostationary weather satellite. The convection in various quadrants of the TCs is examined for the period of -24 to 6 h relative to landfall. The convection to the southern side of the TCs was much more intense than that to the northern side during the whole landfall period. The convection to the western side of the TCs was stronger than that to the eastern side for the time -8 h before and at the landfall. After landfall, the situation reverses. The asymmetric convection of the TCs was partly due to the vertical wind shear and storm motion, and partly because the process of landfall restrained the convection in relevant quadrants. Besides, the orographic uplift along the east of China was favorable to the enhancement of convection in the eastern side of the TCs. From the characteristics of convective asymmetry of the TCs landing on the south and east of China, it is known that their main difference might be the included angle between the TC path and the coastline as well as the terrain along the coast. | 朱佩君 郑永光 郑沛群 | 2012 | Journal of Tropical Meteorology2012，18，4： | 2 |
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