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| 1 | Soil Fertility Self-development Under Ecological Restoration in the Zhuxi Watershed in the Red Soil Hilly Region of China显示文摘Current methods that utilize simple data or models to judge whether soil fertility can selfdevelop are not sufficiently rigorous. A new framework has been set up using catastrophe theory, laboratory experiment, field work, and 3S(Geographic information system, Global positioning system, and Remote sensing) to explore soil fertility catastrophe under ecological restoration, discriminate whether soil fertility can self-develop, and propose adjustment of ecological restoration measures in the Zhuxi watershed of Changting County, Fujian Province, China, which is a typical representative of the red soil hilly region of China. The results show that: 1) the soil fertility is obviously improved through the four ecological restoration measures, which impels soil fertility catastrophe. Among 89 soil samples, catastrophic soil samples and stable soil samples account for 26(29.21%) and 63(70.79%) of the samples, respectively. The four ecological restoration measures are listed in the order lowquality forest improvement > arbor–bush–herb mixed plantation > orchard improvement > closing measures according to the proportions of catastrophic soil samples. A typical soil sample in Bashilihe that can self-develop is selected as the criterion to judge the upper lobe and lower lobe of soil fertility in the process surface of the Cusp catastrophe model. Twenty-six(29.21%) were in the middle lobe, 10(11.24%) were in the upper lobe, and 53(70.79%) were in the lower lobe. The catastrophic direction of 26 catastrophic soil samples is to the upper lobe according to soil and water loss change as well as fieldwork. There is a significant positive correlation of Δ with soil and water loss change, and the lower soil and water loss relates to higher catastrophic probability. 2) Soil fertility self-development could be regionalized as 'Soil fertility can self-develop' whose area was 12.74 km2(28.33%) distributed mainly in the leftmost and rightmost parts, 'Soil fertility tends to self-develop' whose area was 11.63 km2(25.89%) distributed mainly in the middle part, and 'Soil fertility cannot self-develop' whose area was 20.58 km2(45.78%) distributed mainly between the above two types. 3) There is no need to take ecological restoration measures and excessive human interference should be avoided in the future in regions of 'Soil fertility can self-develop' and 'Soil fertility tends to self-develop,' and ecological restoration measures should be taken in region of 'Soil fertility cannot self-develop.' 4) We suggest withdrawal and implementation of ecological restoration measures should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of ecological restoration to avoid misuse of funds. | BAI Li-yue CHEN Zhi-qiang CHEN Zhi-biao | 2014 | Journal of Mountain Science2014，11，5： | 7 |
| 2 | Plant recruitment and survival as indicators of ecological restoration success in abandoned pasture land in Nurcoung,Victoria,Australia显示文摘Introduction:One of the major impediments to developing better restoration strategies is the inadequate documentation of past restoration efforts.In 2008,Greening Australia commenced ecological restoration on the Nurcoung property in Victoria to enhance local biodiversity,and in this paper we report on the habitat restoration outcomes in the three Ecological Vegetation Classes(EVC)found on this property.Methods:Permanent sample plots(12×20 m)were randomly established in July 2010 in each of the restoration areas,with 9,10,and 24 plots demarcated in Shallow Sands Woodland(SSW),Heathy Woodland(HW),and Sandstone Ridge Woodlands(SRW),respectively.Individual plots were prepared to include three seeded rows.Plots were assessed for seedling recruitment and survival in May 2010,April 2011,and May 2012.Records of individual seedling development included their height and cover,and their location within the plot.Results:Our study shows that interaction between the age of the planted and direct-seeded vegetation and the nature of the EVC significantly affects the composition of plants and the soil surface in that species and,further,that soil cover parameters develop in different ways in the different experimental plots.A SIMPER analysis of soil cover parameters shows that most of the variation over the years of restoration is attributable to differences in the amount of bare soil recorded,rather than the amount of leaf-litter cover,and that these changes in soil cover parameters differ between EVCs over the sampling periods.The direct-seeding study shows that whilst most of the broadcast species were recruited,some species used in the Shallow Sands Woodland,the Heathy Woodland,and the Sandstone Ridge Shrubland did not show evidence of recruitment during the three sampling periods.Although the density of most seedlings increased in subsequent sampling years,the planted species Callitris gracilis,Callitris rhomboidea,Hakea muelleriana,and Melaleuca lanceolata did not survive.Conclusions:As a result of the land use change,new assemblages of abiotic and biotic system components appear to lead to the development of stable alternative ecological states.These‘novel’ecosystems now play an important part of the natural resource base,requiring careful characterization to better understand current development trajectories and future states,and to inform management strategies to meet desired restoration outcomes.Although the study sites have been abandoned for a long time,broadcast seeds and plant seedlings show they can overcome internal resilience. | Singarayer K Florentine Jessica Gardner Friedrich P Graz Sean Moloney | 2013 | Ecological Processes2013，2，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Novel ecosystems in ecological restoration and rehabilitation:Innovative planning or lowering the bar?显示文摘Stemming from a special symposium at the 2012 inaugural meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia in Perth,Western Australia,this special issue editorial addresses novel ecosystems in ecological restoration and the inherent challenges of maintaining the highest standards of environmental stewardship and biological conservation in the face of increasing urbanization,agricultural expansion,and industrialization.Echoing others,we(the Guest Editors)view novel ecosystems as offering opportunities for conservation and restoration in the coming years and a pragmatic recognition that it may not always be possible,or desirable,to overcome adverse consequences of environmental degradation to reinstate historical systems.Being mindful of hubris and taking into account difficulties with identification,novel ecosystems may be viewed as a temporary or interim stage on the way towards the evolution of other future ecosystems able to supply a variety of ecosystem services,while attempting to maintain and enhance biodiversity,function and resilience.Here,a concise summary of contributions to the special issue and their significance to the field of restoration ecology is provided noting that authors were tasked to answer whether novel ecosystems are innovative planning or lowering the bar in ecological restoration.Core themes shared by the manuscripts are elucidated leading to guiding principles and,more importantly,an assessment of how and why restoration priorities are changing in the 21^(st)century. | Michael P Perring Patrick Audet David Lamb | 2014 | Ecological Processes2014，3，1： | 1 |
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