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| 1 | 生长素和细胞分裂素参与构建水稻根系的研究进展显示文摘植物根系除具有固着植株、吸收水分和养分等重要作用外,还可作为信号源调控植株的发育。对于水稻(Oryza sativa)等作物而言,根系的发育状况直接影响作物生产和抗逆能力,而水稻根系构型又受到包括植物激素在内的内外因素调控。其中,生长素和细胞分裂素是最为重要的两类激素。本文综述了生长素和细胞分裂素的合成、转运和信号转导等过程,以及由此协作参与构建水稻根系(主要是不定根和侧根)的分子机制。 | 陈开 唐瑭 张冬平 陈云 吕冰 | 2020 | 植物生理学报2020，56，12： | 17 |
| 2 | 外源生长素质量浓度和扦插基质对色木槭嫩枝扦插生根的影响显示文摘研究外源生长素(NAA和IBA)质量浓度和不同基质类型对色木槭嫩枝插穗生根指标和生根质量的影响,筛选出最佳的激素质量浓度和基质,为色木槭优良种质资源扩大繁殖和推广栽培奠定基础。本研究以色木槭当年生半木质化插穗为试验材料,设定0、500、1 000、1 500、2 000 mg/L 5种NAA与IBA组合溶液(NAA+IBA)的质量浓度,选用蛭石、泥炭土、珍珠岩、珍珠岩+蛭石4种基质进行单因素随机区组试验。结果表明,不同NAA+IBA质量浓度和基质类型对测量指标均有极显著的影响(P<0.01),均在40 d时具有最高的生根率。不同激素质量浓度中,1 500 mg/L处理的在生根率(62.50%)、愈伤组织诱导率(66.67%)和新生根总长度上表现均为最佳;比较总根数,发现1 500、2 000 mg/L处理无显著性差异,但均显著(P<0.05)优于0、500、1 000 mg/L处理。在4种基质中,珍珠岩在生根率(66.67%)和愈伤组织诱导率(70.84%)上均表现最佳;珍珠岩+蛭石(1∶1)在新生根总长度和总根数上表现最佳。色木槭嫩枝扦插受NAA+IBA质量浓度和不同基质类型影响显著,综合考虑生根效果和生根质量,1 500 mg/L为最佳NAA+IBA激素质量浓度;珍珠岩在生根指标上显著优于其他基质,为最优选择;育苗后期为追求生根质量,则应使用珍珠岩+蛭石作为栽培基质。该研究建立的色木槭嫩枝扦插方法可用于优良种质资源的扩大繁殖。 | 周鑫鑫 李茹月 臧世阳 堃芃 杨玲 | 2022 | 森林工程2022，38，5： | 7 |
| 3 | 手性除草剂2甲4氯丙酸对映体在拟南芥中吸收转运及亚细胞分布的差异研究显示文摘为探明不同手性构型的2甲4氯丙酸(mecoprop,MCPP)在双子叶植物中的吸收、代谢等差异,以手性^(14)C-MCPP对映体为示踪剂,野生哥伦比亚型拟南芥为受试植物,研究实验室条件下不同手性构型的MCPP在拟南芥中的吸收转运与亚细胞分布特征。结果表明,拟南芥对^(14)C-MCPP 2种对映体的吸收效率分别为90.45%(^(14)C-R-MCPP)和85.75%(^(14)C-S-MCPP),二者差异显著。施药后,2种构型的^(14)C-MCPP均易向下运转,其中^(14)C-R-MCPP在拟南芥植株中的转运过程更持久,转运到植株其他部位的比率相对更高。2种构型^(14)C-MCPP在标记下位达到平衡时,^(14)C-R-MCPP的分布比率为^(14)C-S-MCPP的2.5倍。亚细胞分布方面,在拟南芥标记叶位细胞中各组分的分布比率均为胞浆>细胞壁>细胞器,在施药后144 h,^(14)C-S-MCPP在细胞壁的分布比率较^(14)C-R-MCPP高,分别为39.60%和28.74%,表明拟南芥叶组织细胞壁对^(14)C-S-MCPP具有更强的固定能力;而在细胞器中,^(14)C-R-MCPP的分布比率(10.55%)较^(14)C-S-MCPP(4.11%)高,表明^(14)C-R-MCPP相较于^(14)C-S-MCPP更易富集于叶组织细胞的细胞器中,在同施药浓度下与靶标蛋白的接触频率更高。综上可知,手性激素型除草剂MCPP在双子叶植物模式植物拟南芥中的运转和分布存在显著的对映体选择性差异,映证了R-MCPP从吸收、转运、亚细胞分布的层面而言相较于其对映体S-MCPP具有更强的除草活性。 | 常江海 郭维 郑姚颖 张素芬 叶庆富 | 2021 | 核农学报2021，35，3： | 4 |
| 4 | Transcriptome Analysis and Genes Function Verification of Root Development of Paeonia suffruticosa under Sandy Loam Cultivation显示文摘Relatively poor in vitro rooting has limited the large-scale commercial production of tree peony.In this study,on the basis of transcriptome sequencing,differentially expressed genes and the associated metabolic pathways were identified in tree peony roots at different stages of root formation under sandy loam cultivation.A total of 31.63 Gb raw data were generated and 120,188 unigenes(mean length of 911.98 bp)were annotated according to six databases(NR,NT,GO,KEGG,COG,and Swiss-Prot).Analyses of the ungerminated root primordium period,induced root primordium period,and root formation period detected 8,232,6,907,and 10,687 differentially expressed genes related to 133,132,and 133 metabolic pathways,respectively.Two significantly differentially expressed genes(Unigene13430_All and CL10096.Contig1_All)were associated with the auxin pathway.The full-length Unigene13430_All coding sequence(843 bp)encoded 280 amino acids,whereas the full-length CL10096.Contig1_All coding sequence(1,470 bp)encoded 489 amino acids.Unigene13430_All and CL10096.Contig1_All were identified as IAA gene family members and were respectively named PsIAA27 and PsARF19.The qRT-PCR analysis and functional verification indicated that the expressions of PsARF19 and PsIAA27 in tree peony seedlings,cuttings and grafted seedlings were significant different.PsARF19 promoted root development,it might be a regulatory gene related to the formation of tree peony roots,while PsIAA27 inhibited lateral root development,and it might be involved in controlling auxin sensitivity during root formation.The results of this study may form the basis of future investigations on the mechanism mediating peony root formation.The transcriptome data will be an excellent resource for researchers interested in characterizing the rooting-related tree peony genes. | Yinglong Song Wenqian Shang Zheng Wang Songlin He Xinya Meng Liyun Shi Yuxiao Shen Dan He Xueyuan Lou Yuke Sun | 2022 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2022，91，12： | 0 |
| 5 | Anchor Root Development: A World within Worlds显示文摘Many plant species develop shoot-borne adventitious roots(ARs)with specialized functions that contribute to plant adaptability by enhancing resource capture and stress avoidance.In Arabidopsis,as in many dicots,the postembryonic root system is primarily composed of lateral roots(LRs),which originate from the xylem pole pericycle cells through a process that involves periodic oscillation in gene expression mediated by a β-carotenoidderived signal(Dickinson et al.,2019).Our understanding of the key molecular and signaling events regulating AR initiation has recently been obtained from studies in Arabidopsis,where ARs are formed on etiolated hypocotyls upon transfer to light(Lakehal et al.,2019)or from excised leaf explants(Zhang et al.,2019).Anchor roots(ANRs)are a type of AR that originate immediately below the root-hypocotyl junction in an auxindependent manner and that require a diapocarotenoid-derived signal(anchorene)to emerge(Jia et al.,2019).ANR primordia activation may represent a generic mechanism to compensate for the loss of the growth potential of the primary root(PR),as it is enhanced by mutations affecting PR growth,by whole-root excision or by nitrogen deficiency(Jia et al.,2019).A recent paper by Bai et al.(2020)provides direct evidence that a regulatory module involving the AP2/ERF transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4(ABI4),the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)MPK3 and MPK6,and the phosphatase PP2C12 controls ANR emergence in Arabidopsis. | JoséManuel Pérez-Pérez | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，8： | 0 |
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