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| 1 | 甜菜氮肥的合理施用显示文摘综述文献关于氮肥对甜菜的生长、吸收分配规律、生理生化及产质量的影响可知,甜菜生长需要多种营养元素,其中氮素尤为重要,不合理施用氮肥对甜菜的产质量带来很多负面影响;造成资源浪费、环境污染,影响人类健康。提出合理施氮、用氮的途径与策略:第一,因地、因品种、因时制宜,根据测土资料及不同甜菜基因型差异确定施肥种类、配比;根据作物不同生长时期的需肥规律及不同生态条件需要,按需供肥。第二,肥要在水的作用下才能发挥作用、才能更好发挥作用,区域配肥技术与灌溉技术相结合的水肥一体化精准精细灌水施肥技术是甜菜生产高效用肥的必然发展趋势。第三,作物不同养分间具有协同和相互影响作用,因此根据同等重要原则应有机配比。第四,为了提高肥效及利用率,施用缓控释肥,有机无机肥配施,施用微生物肥、生态肥等发挥微生物的促进、协同作用。第五,常规育种与转基因技术结合培育氮素养分高效利用品种。第六,利用现代监测技术手段及应用甜菜生长模型尤其是CERES-Beet模型监测氮等养分的转化、吸收等动态。 | 李文晶 张福顺 | 2020 | 中国糖料2020，42，1： | 14 |
| 2 | Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat显示文摘Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1(GZ1) is a drought-tolerant local purple wheat cultivar. It is not clear how purple wheat resists drought stress, but it could be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, transcriptome data from droughttreated samples and controls were compared. Drought slightly reduced the anthocyanin, protein and starch contents of GZ1 grains and significantly reduced the grain weight. Under drought stress, 16 682 transcripts were reduced, 27 766 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified, and 379 DEGs, including DREBs, were related to defense response. The defense-response genes included response to water deprivation, reactive oxygen, bacteria, fungi, etc. Most of the structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, with only Ta DFR, Ta OMT, Ta5,3GT, and Ta MYB-4 B1 being upregulated. Ta CHS, Ta F3H, TaCHI, Ta4CL, and TaF3’H are involved in responses to UV, hormones, and stimulus. Ta CHS-2D1, Ta DFR-2D2, Ta DFR-7D, TaOMT-5A, Ta5,3 GT-1B1, Ta5,3GT-3A, and Ta5,3GT-7B1 connect anthocyanin biosynthesis with other pathways, and their interacting proteins are involved in primary metabolism, genetic regulation, growth and development, and defense responses. There is further speculation about the defense-responsive network in purple wheat. The results indicated that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes were stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat GZ1, and anthocyanin biosynthesis also participated in the drought defense response through several structural genes. | LI Xiao-lan LÜXiang WANG Xiao-hong PENG Qin ZHANG Ming-sheng REN Ming-jian | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，1： | 4 |
| 3 | TaARR1, a cytokinin response regulator gene in Triticum aestivum, is essential in plant N starvation tolerance via regulating the N acquisition and N assimilation显示文摘Plant N starvation response is closely associated with the N signaling components that involve transduction of the low-N cues. In this study, we functionally characterized Ta ARR1, a cytokinin(CK) response regulator gene in Triticum aestivum, in mediating the N starvation adaptation in plants. Ta ARR1 harbors two conserved domains specified by plant ARR family members;subcellular localization analysis indicated its target onto nucleus after endoplasmic reticulum assortment. Ta ARR1 displayed modified expression upon the N starvation stressor, showing upregulated expression in roots and leaves over a 27-h N starvation treatment and whose induced transcripts were gradually recovered along with progression of the N recovery treatment. The tobacco lines overexpressing Ta ARR1 displayed improved low-N stress tolerance, displaying enlarged phenotype, increased biomass and N accumulation, and enhanced glutamine synthetase(GS) activities compared with wild type(WT) following the N starvation treatment. Expression analysis on genes encoding the nitrate transporter(NRT) and GS proteins in Nicotiana tabacum revealed that Nt NRT2.2 and Nt GS3 are upregulated in expression in the N-deprived transgenic lines, whose expression patterns were contrasted to other above family genes that were unaltered on transcripts between the transgenic lines and WT. Transgene analysis validated the function of Nt NRT2.2 and Nt GS3 in regulating N accumulation, GS activity, growth traits, and N use efficiency in plants. These results suggested the internal connection between the Ta ARR1-mediated N starvation tolerance and the modified transcription of distinct N acquisitionand assimilation-associated genes. Our investigation together indicates that Ta ARR1 is essential in plant N starvation adaptation due to the gene function in transcriptionally regulating distinct NRT and GS genes that affect plant N uptake and assimilation under the N starvation condition. | YANG Meng-ya CHEN Jia-qi TIAN He-yang NI Chen-yang XIAO Kai | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，12： | 3 |
| 4 | 杨树天冬氨酸转氨酶基因家族鉴定及表达分析显示文摘【目的】鉴定杨树天冬氨酸转氨酶(ASPAT)基因家族成员,并检测其组织表达特异性,为研究ASPAT在杨树初级氮素同化中的生物学功能提供参考依据。【方法】从杨树基因组数据库中筛选鉴定ASPAT基因家族成员,利用生物信息学软件分析各基因家族成员序列和基因结构及编码蛋白的理化性质、亚细胞定位和保守基序等,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测正常施氮处理(1 mmol/L NH4NO3)下其在杨树根、茎和叶中的组织表达特异性。【结果】从杨树基因组中共鉴定出9个ASPAT基因家族成员,包括7个真核型ASPAT(AAT)基因(PtASPAT1~PtASPAT7)和2个原核型ASPAT(PAT)基因(PtASPAT8~PtASPAT9),编码区(CDS)序列长度1215~1791 bp,编码的氨基酸数目304~480个,外显子数7~14个,编码蛋白的等电点5.66~8.99,相对分子质量33.11~53.31 kD,脂融指数76.36~93.54,分别定位于叶绿体、线粒体和胞质中,除PtASPAT6和PtASPAT7为不稳定蛋白,其他均为稳定蛋白。拟南芥和杨树的ASPAT蛋白可聚为两大类,Ⅰ类为AAT蛋白,包括PtASPAT1~PtASPAT7和AtASPAT1~AtASPAT5;Ⅱ类为PAT蛋白,包括PtASPAT8、PtASPAT9和拟南芥PAT(AtPAT)。PtASPAT1~PtASPAT6均含有5个保守基序,PtASPAT7缺少2个保守基序,PtASPAT8和PtASPAT9均仅含有1个与AtPAT相同的保守基序。9个杨树ASPAT蛋白均含有磷酸吡哆醛结合位点(SGTHNYSSK)、同源二聚体多肽结合位点(GAVAER)和催化残留活性位点(K)。正常氮素处理下,PtASPAT1基因在杨树根、茎和叶中表达量无明显差异;PtASPAT2~PtASPAT9基因在根部的表达量较在茎和叶中的高,尤其是PtASPAT4和PtASPAT8基因表达量较高。【结论】杨树ASPAT基因家族成员主要在根部表达,尤其是PtASPAT4和PtASPAT8基因在杨树根部的初级氮素同化中发挥重要作用。 | 王宇晨 曲春浦 刘关君 | 2019 | 南方农业学报2019，50，3： | 3 |
| 5 | 小麦氮素利用率的研究进展显示文摘总结了国内外对作物氮素吸收利用的评价指标及小麦需氮规律的研究进展,介绍了影响小麦氮素吸收利用的因素,提出了小麦氮素利用率提高的两条途径,即:(1)从小麦基因型入手,挖掘小麦新品种,提高小麦氮素吸收利用的能力;(2)从施氮栽培管理体系入手,改善肥料特性,精准施肥,同时与当地的具体情况结合。最后对提高小麦氮素利用率的研究方向进行了展望。 | 李海超 秦保平 蔡瑞国 郭振清 张敏 王健 杨敏 | 2019 | 河北科技师范学院学报2019，33，2： | 3 |
| 6 | Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NIN-like Protein(NLP)genes reveals their potential roles in the response to nitrate signaling in watermelon显示文摘To balance the relationship between high yield and low nitrogen supply,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of watermelon needs to be improved urgently.Nodule inception-like Protein(NLP)transcription factors play a key node role in nitrate response and growth and development of plant,however,comprehensive analysis of the NLP gene family in watermelon is unclear.This study explored the functional classification,evolutionary characteristics,and expression profile of the ClNLP gene family.Three ClNLPs were categorized into three groups according to their gene structure and phylogeny.All of them contained the conserved RWP-RK and PB1 domains.Evolutionary analysis of ClNLPs revealed that ClNLP1 and ClNLP3 underwent strong purified selection.In addition,cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stresses were present in the ClNLP promoter.According to tissue-specific analysis ClNLP was widely expressed in roots,stems,leaves,flowers and fruits,and ClNLP1 was significantly induced in the roots of different nitrogen utilization varieties under different nitrate nitrogen supply.The SRTING functional protein association network suggested that ClNLP1 is associated with most genes,such as NRT1.1,NRT2.1,NIA1,and NIR1,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay found that ClNLP1 positively regulates the expression of ClNRT2.1.We speculated that ClNLP1 might play a central role in regulating the response of watermelon to nitrate nitrogen. | Gaopeng Yuan Dexi Sun Yifan Wang Guolin An Weihua Li Wenjing Si Junpu Liu Yingchun Zhu | 2022 | Horticultural Plant Journal2022，8，5： | 2 |
| 7 | 花生高亲和硝酸盐转运蛋白基因AhNRT2.7a响应低氮胁迫的功能研究显示文摘【目的】氮素在作物生产中对生物量和产量起关键作用。高亲和硝酸盐转运蛋白基因NRT2在植物响应低氮胁迫时被激活并具有维持氮吸收和转运的作用。通过筛选花生低氮耐受相关的NRT2基因并解析其生物学功能,为培育高氮素利用率的花生新品种提供理论参考,最终有助于实现节氮、高效的绿色生产目标。【方法】检测正常氮浓度及1/20正常氮浓度(15 mmol·L^(-1))条件下5个具有典型跨膜结构的花生NRT2基因(AhNRT2.4、AhNRT2.5b、AhNRT2.5c、AhNRT2.7a和AhNRT2.7b)的时空表达情况。以花育6309的cDNA为模板,对AhNRT2.7a进行克隆和生物信息学分析,并通过亚细胞定位确定AhNRT2.7a的表达部位。进一步构建异源过表达AhNRT2.7a的拟南芥株系,分别在正常以及低氮胁迫条件下测定其叶绿素含量、氮积累量以及谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)5个氮代谢关键酶的活性。【结果】5个NRT2基因中有4个NRT2基因在花生响应低氮胁迫条件下大量表达。其中,AhNRT2.7a能够响应低氮胁迫,并在花生茎和叶中高表达。获得AhNRT2.7a的cDNA序列,全长为1380 bp,编码459个氨基酸。蛋白结构分析显示其为具有12个典型跨膜结构域的膜蛋白。该氨基酸序列与栽培种花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)相似性高达99.56%,其次是野生亲本AA和BB基因组花生。亚细胞定位显示其主要定位于细胞质膜上。构建异源过表达AhNRT2.7a的转基因拟南芥植株,在不同供氮条件下,成熟叶和幼叶叶片的叶绿素相对含量均显著高于野生型拟南芥。同时,对上述5个氮代谢相关酶活性以及氮、磷、钾积累量测定显示,转基因植株中2个氮代谢相关酶(GS和NR)的酶活性以及氮积累量均比野生型拟南芥有显著升高。【结论】花生中4个NRT2基因响应低氮胁迫,其中AhNRT2.7a能够提高植物氮代谢过程的氮素利用率。AhNRT2.7a的表达在促进氮代谢过程的同时,促使碳代谢作用的进一步加强。因此,AhNRT2.7a适合作为花生氮素高效利用为目的的候选基因。 | 王娟 陈皓宁 石大川 于天一 闫彩霞 孙全喜 苑翠玲 赵小波 牟艺菲 王奇 李春娟 单世华 | 2022 | 中国农业科学2022，55，22： | 1 |
| 8 | Genetic and agronomic traits stability of marker-free transgenic wheat plants generated from Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation in T2 and T3 generations显示文摘Genetically modified wheat has not been commercially utilized in agriculture largely due to regulatory hurdles associated with traditional transformation methods. Development of marker-free transgenic wheat plants will help to facilitate biosafety evaluation and the eventual environmental release of transgenic wheat varieties. In this study, the marker-free transgenic wheat plants previously obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation of double T-DNAs vector were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in the T1 generation, and their genetic stability and agronomic traits were analyzed in T2 and T3 generations. FISH analysis indicated that the transgene often integrated into a position at the distal region of wheat chromosomes. Furthermore, we show that the GUS transgene was stably inherited in the marker-free transgenic plants in T1 to T3 generations. No significant differences in agronomic traits or grain characteristics were observed in T3 generation, with the exception of a small variation in spike length and grains per spike in a few lines. The selection marker of bar gene was not found in the transgenic plants through T1 to T3 generations. The results from this investigation lay a solid foundation for the potential application of the marker-free transgenic wheat plants achieved through the co-transformation of double T-DNAs vector by Agrobacterium in agriculture after biosafty evaluation. | LIU Hui-yun WANG Ke WANG Jing DU Li-pu PEI Xin-wu YE Xing-guo | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of Crop Rotation and Microbial Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Beneficial Bacterium Abundance in Rhizosphere of Continuous Cropped Eggplant显示文摘Rotation is a method to effectively regulate the soil microbial community structure and alleviate the obstacles of continuous planting of eggplant in facilities.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the change of beneficial bacteria diversity and structure at the first fruit stage of continuous eggplant rhizosphere soil affected by rotation combined with Bacillus subtilis fertilizer.The result showed that beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil samples of eggplant at the phylum classification level included Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria,Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria.At the level of genus classification,the beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil samples of eggplant were Bacillus,Arthrobacter,Sphingomonas and Streptomyces.The significantly differences were observed in the abundance of soil dominant bacteria and beneficial bacteria at phylum level and genus classification among different treatments.At the phylum level,compared with CK treatment,the relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria in BB treatment were increased by 34.4%and 20.2%,respectively.At the level of genus classification,the beneficial bacterial Arthrobacter abundance in BB treatment was 1.44 times than that of CK treatment and was significantly higher than that in CF treatment.Moreover,the total uptake of N,P and K by eggplants in BB treatment and BFN treatment were 1.68 and 1.35 times than those of CK treatment,respectively.The above results showed that the combined treatment of microbial fertilizer and rotation could increased the soil bacterial community diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the first fruit stage of eggplant,which indeed enhanced the absorption of N,P and K by continuous eggplant plants,thereby alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping of eggplant. | Sang Ping Li Shu-min Meng Ling-bo Zhang Chun-yi Mu Yao Li Xin-rui Li Ying Wu Hao-lei Liu Xiang-jun Ma Ze-nan Hou Jian | 2020 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2020，27，4： | 0 |
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