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| 1 | 覆膜玉米不同生育期土壤酶活性对大气CO_2浓度升高的响应显示文摘为探讨旱区覆膜玉米农田土壤酶活性对未来气候变化的响应,在田间条件下通过改进的开顶式气室(OTC)系统自动控制大气CO_2浓度,设置自然大气CO_2浓度(CK)、OTC对照(OTC)、OTC系统自动控制CO_2浓度(700μmol·mol^(-1),OTC+CO_2)3个处理,研究了旱区覆膜高产栽培春玉米播前、六叶期(V6)、十二叶期(V12)、吐丝期(R1)、乳熟期(R3)及完熟期(R6)土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶活性对大气CO_2浓度升高的响应特征。研究发现:OTC处理条件下,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性相比CK在V12期降低8.80%(P<0.05),而在R6期提高8.95%(P<0.05);蔗糖酶活性在播前、V6、R1期降低12.65%~21.43%(P<0.05),R3期升高17.50%(P<0.05);过氧化氢酶活性在V12、R1、R6期均显著降低。大气CO_2浓度升高对玉米各生育期土壤脲酶活性均无显著影响;使R1、R6期碱性磷酸酶活性降低8.74%和6.39%(P<0.05);使V6、R3期蔗糖酶活性升高30.18%和18.37%(P<0.05);此外,增加了V12期过氧化氢酶活性,而降低了R3期过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明:当前旱作覆膜高产栽培模式下,大气CO_2浓度升高对春玉米农田土壤酶活性的影响因作物生育期和酶种类不同而异;土壤酶活性对OTC及大气CO_2浓度升高的响应程度不一,在当前试验条件下,OTC对土壤酶活性的影响较大气CO_2浓度升高更为显著。 | 周娅 冯倩 王玉 张晓媛 王丽梅 李世清 | 2019 | 农业环境科学学报2019，38，5： | 3 |
| 2 | 气候变化对谷子生育期土壤碳氮磷转化相关酶活性的影响显示文摘为研究气候变化对作物不同生育期土壤碳氮磷循环相关酶活性的影响,采用盆栽控制试验,通过人工气候室控制环境CO_(2)浓度和温度,设计对照(CO_(2)浓度为400μmol·mol^(-1)、环境温度为22℃)、CO_(2)浓度升高(CO_(2)浓度升至700μmol·mol^(-1)、环境温度22℃)、CO_(2)浓度和温度升高(CO_(2)浓度升至700μmol·mol^(-1)、环境温度升至26℃)3种气候情景和2种水分条件(充分供水和轻度干旱),研究谷子(Setaria italica)开花期、开花后10 d、灌浆期和成熟期4个生育期土壤β-葡糖苷酶(βG)、β-N-乙酰葡糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)和碱性磷酸单脂酶(ALP)活性对CO_(2)浓度和温度升高的响应。结果表明:CO_(2)浓度升至700μmol·mol^(-1)时对土壤LAP酶有显著的抑制作用,其对土壤NAG酶活性仅在充分供水条件下有促进作用,而对ALP酶活性仅在轻度干旱条件下有促进作用。增温4℃显著抑制土壤βG和ALP酶活性,其对土壤NAG酶活性的影响与土壤水分条件有关。生育期与CO_(2)浓度升高的交互作用对4种土壤酶活性均具有显著影响,生育期与增温的交互作用在充分供水条件下仅对土壤βG酶活性有显著影响,而在轻度干旱条件下其对土壤βG和NAG酶活性有显著影响。研究表明,在谷子生育不同阶段,CO_(2)浓度升高、增温和干旱对土壤碳氮磷转化相关酶活性的影响不尽相同。 | 王雪松 郑粉莉 王婧 焦健宇 赵苗苗 | 2021 | 农业环境科学学报2021，40，7： | 3 |
| 3 | 大气CO2浓度倍增对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物与酶活性的影响显示文摘为探究大气CO2浓度倍增对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微环境的影响,以宁夏枸杞为试验材料,用开顶气室模拟控制CO2浓度测得在大气CO2浓度倍增处理下根区土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性的变化。大气CO2浓度倍增处理降低真菌数量,增加细菌、放线菌数量。0.5倍增CO2浓度处理下宁夏枸杞根区土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶的活性较对照分别提高24.74%和23.71%,脲酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性降低0.45%和15.29%;1倍增处理下土壤3种酶的活性较对照分别提高55.74%,23.07%,44.60%,而多酚氧化酶降低24.94%。通径分析表明,真菌数量对脲酶活性影响力最大,而细菌数量对过氧化氢酶活性影响力最强。大气CO2浓度倍增宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性增强,其中真菌数量和细菌数量与脲酶呈显著负相关,放线菌数量在0.5倍增处理下与脲酶呈显著负相关。大气CO2浓度倍增处理使宁夏枸杞根区土壤细菌、放线菌数量增加且可提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和转化酶的活性。 | 谢云 郭芳芸 曹兵 | 2021 | 中国农学通报2021，37，3： | 2 |
| 4 | The eff ect of Rhizophagus irregularis on salt stress tolerance of Elaeagnus angustifolia roots显示文摘We assessed the eff ects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on salt stress tolerance in roots of the drought-tolerant plant Elaeagnus angustifolia.We studied a plant growth index,spore density and hyphal length density of AMF,the Na+contents and ultrastructure of root cells,as well as rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal E.angustifolia seedlings under diff erent salt stress.Under salt stress,growth of E.angustifolia with mycorrhizal inoculation was higher than that of non-inoculated treatments.The spore density and hyphal length density decreased signifi cantly under salt stress in rhizosphere soil of mycorrhizal E.angustifolia seedlings(p<0.05).The root cells of E.angustifolia seedlings inoculated with R.irregularis at 300 mmol L−1 salt had more organelles,greater integrity,and lower root Na+contents than those of non-inoculated seedlings.In addition,the results showed notably higher activities of catalase,phosphatase,urease and saccharase in rhizosphere soil of the mycorrhizal seedlings in response to salinity compared to those of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings.Therefore,AMF inoculation could enhance salt stress tolerance in roots of E.angustifolia. | Wenyuan He Xiaoxu Fan Zixin Zhou Huanhuan Zhang Xiang Gao Fuqiang Song Gui Geng | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，6： | 0 |
| 5 | Mapping the Global-Scale Maize Drought Risk Under Climate Change Based on the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk Model显示文摘Drought is projected to become more frequent and increasingly severe under climate change in many agriculturally important areas.However,few studies have assessed and mapped the future global crop drought risk—defined as the occurrence probability and likelihood of yield losses from drought—at high resolution.With support of the GEPIC-Vulnerability-Risk model,we propose an analytical framework to quantify and map the future global-scale maize drought risk at a 0.5°resolution.In this framework,the model can be calibrated and validated using datasets from in situ observations(for example,yield statistics,losses caused by drought)and the literature.Water stress and drought risk under climate change can then be simulated.To evaluate the applicability of the framework,a global-scale assessment of maize drought risk under 1.5℃warming was conducted.At 1.5℃warming,the maize drought risk is projected to be regionally variable(high in the midlatitudes and low in the tropics and subtropics),with only a minor negative(-0.93%)impact on global maize yield.The results are consistent with previous studies of drought impacts on maize yield of major agricultural countries around the world.Therefore,the framework can act as a practical tool for global-scale,future-oriented crop drought risk assessment,and the results provide theoretical support for adaptive planning strategies for drought. | Yuanyuan Yin Yuan Gao Degen Lin Lei Wang Weidong Ma Jing’ai Wang | 2021 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2021，12，3： | 0 |
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