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| 1 | 土壤溶解性有机质的提取与特性分析研究进展显示文摘溶解性有机质(DOM)在土壤中具有重要的生态环境意义,对DOM的正确提取、表征是认识DOM生态环境意义的重要基础。因此,本文介绍了水提法、盐提法、酸提法、碱提法提取土壤DOM的优缺点,分析了离子类型、离子浓度、pH值、浸提时间与温度、水土比、土壤含水量等因素对DOM提取效率和物质组成的影响。综述了元素分析技术、光谱技术、色谱技术、质谱技术、电化学技术、显微镜技术在DOM极性、分子量、疏水性、芳香性、官能团、氧化还原性、物质组成、微观形态等方面的表征应用及优缺点,并指出了将土壤DOM提取技术与表征技术有机统一起来,大力发展新技术、原位表征技术、多技术联用以及技术与数学模型、计量化学联用是增强对土壤DOM认识的重要发展方向。 | 吴东明 邓晓 李怡 陈耀华 武春媛 | 2019 | 江苏农业科学2019，47，3： | 13 |
| 2 | Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China: Characteristics, modeling and control strategy显示文摘This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southern China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen(DO), chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon(AOC), and heterotrophic plate counts(HPC). Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson's Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carried out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal( 50 CFU/mL) and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems. | Pinpin Lu Xiaojian Zhang Chiqian Zhang Zhangbin Niu Shuguang Xie Chao Chen | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，2： | 7 |
| 3 | 察尔汗盐湖钾肥生产流程中有机物的组成分析显示文摘采用Bond Elute PPL固相萃取小柱对察尔汗1×106t钾肥生产工艺流程中的盐湖卤水有机物进行分离富集,通过元素分析、紫外可见光谱分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)以及高温裂解—气相色谱质谱(Py-GC/MS)对富集得到的有机物进行表征。分析结果表明,察尔汗百万吨钾肥生产工艺流程卤水中,有机物的组成有烷烃烯烃类、醛酮类、含氮类、脂环类、脂肪酸类、芳香类、呋喃及呋喃衍生物类有机物。其中脂环类、脂肪酸类、芳香类、呋喃及呋喃衍生物含量较高。 | 黄孟丽 杨克利 张耀玲 钱桂敏 董亚萍 李武 | 2015 | 盐湖研究2015，23，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Dissolved organic matter tracers reveal contrasting characteristics across high arsenic aquifers in Cambodia:A fluorescence spectroscopy study显示文摘Organic matter in the environment is involved in many biogeochemical processes,including the mobilization of geogenic trace elements,such as arsenic,into groundwater.In this paper we present the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in heavily arsenicaffected groundwaters in Kandal Province,Cambodia.The fluorescence DOM (fDOM) characteristics between contrasting field areas of differing dominant lithologies were compared and linked to other hydrogeochemical parameters,including arsenic and dissolved methane as well as selected sedimentary characteristics.Absorbance-corrected fluorescence indices were used to characterize depth profiles and compare field areas.Groundwater fDOM was generally dominated by terrestrial humic and fulvic-like components,with relatively small contributions from microbially-derived,tryptophan-like components.Groundwater fDOM from sand-dominated sequences typically contained lower tryptophan-like,lower fulvic-like and lower humic-like components,was less bioavailable,and had higher humification index than clay-dominated sequences.Methane concentrations were strongly correlated with fDOM bioavailability as well as with tryptophan-like components,suggesting that groundwater methane in these arsenic-prone aquifers is likely of biogenic origin.A comparison of fDOM tracers with sedimentary OM tracers is consistent with the hypothesis that external,surface-derived contributions to the aqueous DOM pool are an important control on groundwater hydrogeochemistry. | Laura A. Richards Dan J. Lapworth Daniel Magnone Daren C. Gooddy Lee Chambers Peter J. Williams Bart E. van Dongen David A. Polya | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，5： | 1 |
| 5 | 根际化学与生物多样性的表征方法:组学技术的机遇与挑战显示文摘根际是联结植物、土壤和微生物的重要界面,是化学与生物过程耦合最活跃的区域.根际环境影响土壤中有机和无机污染物的行为,而研究方法的完善与提升有助于阐释根际中复杂的过程与作用机制.本文从传统的化学和生物学方法到新兴的组学技术对根际科学的方法学研究进展进行了综述,重点讨论了当今组学技术在根际研究中应用机遇与挑战,同时展望了今后需要关注的科学问题.根际化学组分的传统分析方法涵盖了光谱、色谱、质谱和色质联用等技术,主要聚焦于低分子量有机酸等小分子的定性定量测定,导致对根际化学多样性的认知偏差;传统的根际微生物研究依赖于培养技术,对微生物多样性的描述存在很大的局限.揭示根际异质性和复杂性,亟需采用高端的技术,组学方法显示出极大的优势,显著提高了研究者对根际科学的认识.基于靶向和非靶向代谢组学有利于深入研究根际复杂的化学多样性过程;基于宏基因组学、转录组学和蛋白组学等组学工具能够提供微生物组基因和蛋白的表达、功能特性等更详细的信息,可以全面地揭示根际微生物的多样性.应该强调的是,未来多组学整合分析更是表征根际化学与生物多样性的一个强有力工具,但需要更多的模型、框架和计算基础来实现根际基因、蛋白、转录和代谢水平的多层次关联,以助于挖掘根-微生物-土壤界面大量尚未揭示的关键过程、机理及生态环境效应. | 黄红林 吕丽丽 吕继涛 饶子渔 耿方兰 曹冬 康跃惠 温蓓 | 2024 | 环境化学2024，43，1： | 0 |
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