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| 1 | 植被影响下坡面侵蚀临界水流能量试验研究显示文摘坡面侵蚀临界水流能量是反映土壤抗蚀作用强弱的重要特征值。利用人工模拟降雨试验,定量研究了在45mm/h、87 mm/h和127 mm/h降雨强度下、20°陡坡面裸地、草地和灌木地的坡面侵蚀临界水流能量。结果表明,不同植被条件下坡面输沙率随径流切应力、单位水流功率和断面比能的增大而增大,有良好的响应关系。裸地、草地和灌木地坡面侵蚀的临界径流切应力分别为0.86 N/m2、2.86 N/m2和1.65 N/m2,临界单位水流功率分别为0.0036 m/s、0.0127 m/s和0.0169 m/s,临界断面比能分别为0.074 cm、0.11 cm和0.13 cm。在具有植被条件下,只有当水流具有更大的能量时,才会引起坡面土壤侵蚀。该研究对于揭示植被调控坡面产流产沙机理,为生态修复工程建设提供科学依据具有一定的科学意义。 | 肖培青 姚文艺 申震洲 杨春霞 | 2011 | 水科学进展2011，22，2： | 34 |
| 2 | Flow dynamics and sediment transport in vegetated rivers:A review显示文摘The significance of riparian vegetation on river flow and material transport is not in dispute.Conveyance laws,sediment erosion and deposition,and element cycling must all be adjusted from their canonical rough-wall boundary layer to accommodate the presence of aquatic plants.In turn,the growth and colonization of riparian vegetation are affected by fluvial processes and river morphology on longer time scales.These interactions and feedbacks at multiple time scales are now drawing significant attention within the research community given their relevance to river restoration.For this reason,a review summarizing methods,general laws,qualitative cognition,and quantitative models regarding the interplay between aquatic plants,flow dynamics,and sediment transport in vegetated rivers is in order.Shortcomings,pitfalls,knowledge gaps,and daunting challenges to the current state of knowledge are also covered.As a multidisciplinary research topic,a future research agenda and opportunities pertinent to river management and enhancement of ecosystem services are also highlighted. | Wen-xin Huai Shuolin Li Gabriel G.Katul Meng-yang Liu Zhong-hua Yang | 2021 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2021，33，3： | 20 |
| 3 | 植被覆盖下坡面流阻力变化规律显示文摘通过野外径流小区放水试验,研究3种植株密度(0,20,30株/m^2)、2种植株布设方式(行紧密,随机)、2种坡度(5°和10°)、3种放水流量(1,2,3m^3/h)下坡面流阻力系数变化规律。结果表明:坡面流阻力系数平均状态随植株密度的增加而增加,植株行排列方式较随机排列增阻作用更明显。冲刷过程中,坡面流阻力系数随时间呈幂函数增长,其中,裸坡阻力系数动态变化过程较有植被覆盖坡面幅度大,且随植株密度的增加,坡面流阻力系数动态变化过程趋于平缓;同植株密度下,植株随机排列方式较行紧密排列更能有效抑制阻力系数增加;随放水流量增加,阻力系数增加趋势减缓,随植株密度减小,放水流量对阻力系数变化过程的影响降低。对阻力系数进行逐步回归:有植被覆盖坡面阻力系数f=0.000284T^(0.692)Q_1^(-0.426)c^(0.745);裸坡阻力系数f=0.004335T^(1.180)Q_2^(-0.476)。阻力系数动态变化过程与流量和植株密度关系密切,其中有植被坡面的阻力系数与出口断面流量关系密切,裸坡的阻力系数与供流量关系密切。逐步回归结果表明,阻力系数变化过程由下渗过程和坡面侵蚀过程共同决定,其中裸坡的侵蚀过程对阻力系数的影响较大,有植被坡面下渗过程对阻力系数的影响较大。 | 戴矜君 程金花 张洪江 相莹敏 周柱栋 | 2016 | 水土保持学报2016，30，2： | 14 |
| 4 | 不同覆盖度下坡面流植被阻力特性研究显示文摘为深入研究植被覆盖下坡面流阻力规律,以植被覆盖下明渠水流植被阻力公式为基础,通过5个覆盖度、6个坡度和7个流量组合条件下的室内放水试验,结合理论分析,建立适应于坡面流的植被阻力模型。结果表明,植被阻力随等效覆盖度和等效水力半径的增加而增大,等效覆盖度对植被阻力的贡献率(0.106)小于明渠水流(0.167),而等效水力半径(0.5)和拖曳力系数(0.5)的贡献率与明渠水流(均为0.48)基本一致。植被阻力模型的NSE值高达0.84,为坡面流植被阻力计算奠定了一定的理论基础,可促进明渠水力学理论在坡面水流方面的扩展。 | 杨帆 张宽地 杨婕 杨明义 马小玲 | 2016 | 农业机械学报2016，47，11： | 9 |
| 5 | Integrated erosion control measures and environmental effects in rocky mountainous areas in northern China显示文摘Based on observations of runoff plots and field investigations of gully cross-sections, impacts of various soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment yield are analyzed for different rainfall conditions. The results show that antecedent rainfall and rainfall intensity are the main factors affecting the runoff and soil erosion processes. Rainfall events with antecedent rainfall can produce high runoff and sediment yield. Large differences in the characteristics of two rainfall events will result in greater variations of total runoff and sediment yield from the same runoff plot. Under the same soil control measure and rainfall condition, soil and water conservation measures can reduce the impacts of antecedent rainfall and rainfall intensity on runoff and soil erosion. Among various measures, level terrace seems to be the greatest for soil conservation purposes. Combining with engineering measures,Vegetation measures is also effective in controlling runoff and soil erosion. In the initial stage of vegetation enclosure measures, engineering measure is necessary to improve the environment for ecological recovery. Gully head protection can control gully erosion effectively, but the effectiveness of gully head protection would be reduced when rainfall intensity increases. Therefore, the design of a gully head protection structure must be based on local hydrological conditions. | HE Jijun CAI Qiangguo LI Guoqiang WANG Zhongke | 2010 | International Journal of Sediment Research2010，25，3： | 7 |
| 6 | Sedimentation model and analysis for differential settling of two-particle-size suspensions in the Stokes region显示文摘A model is developed for predicting the settling velocity in suspensions of particles of two different sizes based on experimental data for the settling rate of two-size suspensions in various liquids using particles of equal density. In these experiments, the retarding effect of the smaller particles on the settling velocities of the larger ones is taken into account. The model considers Steinour's fundamental equation and assumes a fixed arrangement of particles and constant velocity in a single-size suspension under creeping flow conditions and the flow spaces changing in shape and size with the volumetric concentration of solids. Based on the foregoing, a simplified model equation is proposed for the settling of particles in a suspension as a function of their free fall velocity and of the solids concentration. Different experimental conditions are used to show the effect of solids concentration, liquid density, and viscosity on the settling behaviour of the glass beads with low particle Reynolds numbers and bed porosity ranging from 0.62 to 0.95. The present study involves the lower and upper interface velocities of two-size suspensions of solids in liquids (concentrated and dilute suspensions) covering a wide range in the properties of the liquids and solids, and more specifically in solids concentration (Glass beads and Sand). | P. KRISHNAMOORTHY | 2010 | International Journal of Sediment Research2010，25，2： | 7 |
| 7 | 水生植物、水流及底泥再悬浮耦合影响规律研究进展显示文摘完整的水体概念包括上覆水、底泥以及水生植物等各种环境条件,水生植物、水流和底泥再悬浮之间的相互影响规律是水体生态环境的重要耦合演变过程。从水生植物对水流的影响、水流对水生植物的影响、水生植物对底泥再悬浮的影响3个方面,分析了水生植物、水流及底泥再悬浮耦合影响规律方面的研究进展及需要进一步研究的内容,包括:①基于人工模拟水生植物影响下的水流特性研究成果较丰富,而天然水生植物生物形态特性与水流、底泥再悬浮之间的定量影响研究尚需深入开展;②常规或极端水文事件影响下的水生植物生长繁殖过程与水流、底泥再悬浮之间的定量影响研究成果较少;③多种天然水生植物群落生物特性与水流、底泥再悬浮之间的定量影响研究尚有待推进。 | 郭辉 黄国兵 | 2013 | 长江科学院院报2013，30，8： | 6 |
| 8 | 弯道局部非淹没刚性植被水流特性研究显示文摘对180°弯道局部长有非淹没刚性植被的水流特性进行了研究.用钢筋来模拟天然河道的刚性植被,采用三维多普勒超声流速仪(ADV)分别对无植被和局部有非淹没刚性植被2种情况下的弯道水流流速场进行了测量,得到了水流沿程各断面的三维流速和紊动能分布,对2种情形的试验资料进行了比较.结果表明:植被的存在使得弯道流速重新分布,水流内部结构发生明显改变.基于等效阻力系数法,采用水深平均模型对局部非淹没刚性植被水流进行了二维数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据基本一致,表明该数值格式能预测弯道植被水流的特性. | 李成光 槐文信 杨洪武 | 2012 | 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)2012，40，2： | 5 |
| 9 | 曲线坐标系下考虑植被影响的三维水沙数学模型显示文摘建立曲线坐标系下的三维水流泥沙湍流运动模型模拟弯曲渠道内布置水生植被后的水流结构和河床变形分布,计算了试验室60o弯道内流经植被的水流流速平面结构和断面分布以及不同植被布置情况对水流泥沙运动和床面变形的影响。数值结果较好地再现了试验规律。计算结果表明在弯道内布置植被会改变水流流速分布情况:植被覆盖区域的水流流速降低、弯道内二次流减弱和泥沙运动减弱,而非植被覆盖区域的水流流速增大、断面二次流依然存在且泥沙运动加剧。通过比较两种水生植被布置条件下的床面变形情况,发现合理布置植被可以减缓凹岸的泥沙侵蚀,但也会加剧凸岸的泥沙淤积。 | 刘诚 沈永明 | 2011 | 水动力学研究与进展(A辑)2011，26，5： | 4 |
| 10 | 植被群影响下动床洪水数值模拟研究显示文摘基于水深平均挟沙水流浅水控制方程,引入透水密度系数和阻力项考虑植被群对水流和泥沙运动的影响,建立了充分考虑水流-泥沙-障碍物之间相互作用的耦合数值模型.基于有限体积法离散控制方程,采用Godunov-type中心迎风格式求解单元界面通量.该模型通过水槽洪水实测数据验证,用于研究植被群对溃决洪水和泥沙运动的影响.结果表明:本模型能够模拟溃决洪水演进及底床冲淤变形问题,植被群的存在使得底床冲淤复杂多变,导致植被上游区水位抬升,植被下游区水位明显降低,有助于洪水风险管理. | 贺治国 翁浩轩 高冠 李薇 吴钢锋 廖文景 冉启华 | 2017 | 应用基础与工程科学学报2017，25，1： | 2 |
| 11 | 柔性植物影响下水沙运动及物质输运研究进展显示文摘水生植物是河流、湖泊、滨海湿地环境中不可缺少的一部分,植物的存在使水动力条件发生了改变,进而影响了泥沙悬浮和污染物的输运。从恒定流和波浪两种水动力条件出发,针对柔性植物影响下的水流阻力、水流结构、紊动特性、特征流速、消波系数、泥沙运动、污染物输运等方面,综述了国内外的主要成果,并指出复杂水动力条件下的植物-水流-泥沙-污染物之间的相互作用规律是今后研究的重点和难点。 | 周峰 娄厦 RADNAEVA Dorzhievna Larisa NIKITINA Elena FEDOROVA Viktorovna Irina 周晓声 | 2023 | 水利水电科技进展2023，43，3： | 1 |
| 12 | 不同坡度条件下的全风化花岗岩回填土边坡生态防护措施显示文摘生态防护措施是治理全风化花岗岩回填土边坡坡面侵蚀的有效手段,以中缅油气管道龙陵段全风化花岗岩回填土边坡为研究对象,通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,在坡长相同的情况下,选择不同坡度(10°,20°,30°和40°),相同雨强(220 mm/h)的4种水土保持措施(工程措施、植物措施、工程+植物措施和工程+耕作措施)来分析坡面土壤侵蚀的变化规律并计算产流率和产沙率,评价其防治效果。结果表明:(1)不同坡度所设置的防护措施均能起到减流减沙的效果,最佳水土保持措施为工程+植物措施。(2)≤10°边坡在裸坡条件下坡体基本稳定,不需要任何防护措施;10°~20°,20°~30°边坡分别在植草(覆盖率100%)和植草+坡面截排水措施下的护坡措施效果较好,>30°边坡必须在有固坡措施的基础上,坡面设置生物措施方能有效治理坡面侵蚀问题。(3)坡度的阈值不是固定不变的,坡面防护措施越复杂,阈值越大;且在不同的防护措施条件下,坡度对坡面累积产沙量影响最大。 | 张慧敏 李燕清 燕永锋 孔志岗 葛华 刘振国 袁庆飞 | 2022 | 水土保持学报2022，36，6： | 0 |
| 13 | Variation of specific yield with depth in an alluvial aquifer of the Platte River valley,USA显示文摘Estimation of specific yield (Sy) of an aquifer is of great importance in water resource management. In this study, an experimental drainage method was developed to determine specific yield of an alluvial aquifer of the Platte River valley, Nebraska, USA. Sets of sediment cores with continuous interval depth were collected to plastic tubes using the direct push technique and then taken to the laboratory. During the Sy experiment, those sediment cores were re-saturated by placing them vertically in a large water tank. Sy was determined by the water drained from the sediments by force of gravity in a bracket. Our results show that the values of Sy varied largely with depth at each site and the variability for Sy with interval depth between the test sites is also observed. This spatial heterogeneity in Sy might result from the variation of grain size, grain shape, sorting and compaction of sediments in different cores with interval depth. The Sy for all sediment cores ranged from 0.01 to 0.18 and the mean value was 0.08±0.04. Our drainage method can functionally preserve the sedimentary structures in their original state and it is easier to experiment at a lower expense. | Jinxi SONG Xunhong CHEN | 2010 | International Journal of Sediment Research2010，25，2： | 0 |
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