| 1 | Progress in Global Gas Hydrate Development and Production as a New Energy Resource显示文摘Natural gas hydrates have been hailed as a new and promising unconventional alternative energy,especially as fossil fuels approach depletion,energy consumption soars,and fossil fuel prices rise,owing to their extensive distribution,abundance,and high fuel efficiency.Gas hydrate reservoirs are similar to a storage cupboard in the global carbon cycle,containing most of the world's methane and accounting for a third of Earth's mobile organic carbon.We investigated gas hydrate stability zone burial depths from the viewpoint of conditions associated with stable existence of gas hydrates,such as temperature,pressure,and heat flow,based on related data collected by the global drilling programs.Hydrate-related areas are estimated using various biological,geochemical and geophysical tools.Based on a series of previous investigations,we cover the history and status of gas hydrate exploration in the USA,Japan,South Korea,India,Germany,the polar areas,and China.Then,we review the current techniques for hydrate exploration in a global scale.Additionally,we briefly review existing techniques for recovering methane from gas hydrates,including thermal stimulation,depressurization,chemical injection,and CH4-CO2 exchange,as well as corresponding global field trials in Russia,Japan,United States,Canada and China.In particular,unlike diagenetic gas hydrates in coarse sandy sediments in Japan and gravel sediments in the United States and Canada,most gas hydrates in the northem South China Sea are non-diagenetic and exist in fine-grained sediments with a vein-like morphology.Therefore,especially in terms of the offshore production test in gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area in the north slope of the South China Sea,Chinese scientists have proposed two unprecedented techniques that have been verified during the field trials:solid fluidization and formation fluid extraction.Herein,we introduce the two production techniques,as well as the so-called'fbur-in-one'environmental monitoring system employed during the Shenhu production test.Methane is not currently commercially produced from gas hydrates anywhere in the world;therefore,the objective of field trials is to prove whether existing techniques could be applied as feasible and economic production methods for gas hydrates in deep-water sediments and permafrost zones.Before achieving commercial methane recovery from gas hydrates,it should be necessary to measure the geologic properties of gas hydrate reservoirs to optimize and improve existing production techniques.Herein,we propose horizontal wells,multilateral wells,and cluster wells improved by the vertical and in dividual wells applied during existing field trials.It is noteworthy that relatively pure gas hydrates occur in seafloor mounds,within near-surface sediments,and in gas migration conduits.Their extensive distribution,high saturation,and easy access mean that these types of gas hydrate may attract considerable attention from academia and industry in the future.Herein,we also review the occurrence and development of concentrated shallow hydrate accumulations and briefly introduce exploration and production techniques.In the closing section,we discuss future research needs,key issues,and major challenges related to gas hydrate exploration and production.We believe this review article provides insight on past,present,and future gas hydrate exploration and production to provide guidelines and stimulate new work into the field of gas hydrates. | LIU Liping SUN Zhilei ZHANG Lei WU Nengyou Yichao Qin JIANG Zuzhou GENG Wei CAO Hong ZHANG Xilin ZHAI Bin XU Cuiling SHEN Zhicong JIA Yonggang | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，3： | 13 |
| 2 | 天然气水合物藏和天然气藏开采规律对比分析显示文摘以考虑了气-水-水合物-冰相多相渗流过程、水合物分解动力学过程、水合物相变过程、冰-水相变过程、热传导、热对流等因素的天然气水合物藏降压开采模型为基础,对水合物藏和天然气藏的产气速度、产水速度、累计产气量及地层压力等参数的变化规律进行了对比分析。气藏的产气速度高于水合物藏,但气藏的产气期要短;随着初始压力的增加,气藏的产气速度增加而水合物藏的产气速度降低;水合物藏的产水速度高于气藏,且水合物藏最大产水速度随着初始压力的升高而降低;在一定的初始压力范围内,水合物藏的累计产气量高于气藏,且水合物藏和气藏累计产气量的差别随着初始压力的增加而逐渐缩小,但当初始压力达到某值时,气藏的累计产气量将超过水合物藏。 | 白玉湖 李清平 | 2010 | 中国海上油气2010，22，3： | 9 |
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