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| 1 | Coral reefs in the South China Sea:Their response to and records on past environmental changes显示文摘This paper reviews both the recent and longer-term(Holocene) ecological history of coral reefs in the South China Sea(SCS).(1) Local ecological monitoring since the 1960s shows that the coral reefs in the South China Sea have declined dramatically,reflecting the rapid decrease of living coral cover and the great loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae.Collectively,this has led to a significant decrease of annual CaCO3 production.Heavy anthropogenic activities and global warming are recognized as major triggers of the observed coral reef degradation.Observations show that the modern coral reefs in the SCS are a source of at-mospheric CO2 in summer.(2) Coral reefs of the SCS have been widely used to reveal longer-term environmental variations,including Holocene high-resolution sea surface temperature(SST) and abrupt climate events,millennial-scale El Nio varia-tions,millennial-and centennial-scale sea level oscillations,strong and cyclic storm activities,East Asian monsoon intensities,variation in seawater pH,and recent seawater pollution.(3) Coral reefs of the southern SCS have experienced repeated epi-sodes of bleaching over the last 200 years due to high SST and intense El Ni o events;coral reefs of the northern SCS suffered high levels of mortality during several abrupt winter cold-water bleaching events during the middle Holocene warm period.On average,recovery after the middle Holocene cold-bleaching took 20-30 years;recovery following other middle Holocene en-vironmental stresses took approximately 10-20 years.Such findings have significantly contributed to the understanding of the present ecological pressures faced by the coral reefs in the SCS,the histories of Holocene climate/environment changes,and the long-term models of coral reef responses to various past environmental changes. | YU KeFu | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，8： | 41 |
| 2 | 珊瑚疾病的主要类型、生态危害及其与环境的关系显示文摘与人和其它动物一样,珊瑚也生病。在过去30多年里各种珊瑚疾病对全球珊瑚礁造成了严重破坏。目前已知的珊瑚疾病多达30多种,但确定病原体的仅6种。阐述了造礁石珊瑚的7种最主要疾病类型(黑带病、黑斑病、白带病、白色瘟疫、白斑病、黄带病和珊瑚白化病等)的症状、扩散速率、疾病患病率、珊瑚死亡率等。频繁发生的珊瑚疾病导致主要造礁物种死亡,减少礁区的生物多样性,对珊瑚礁生态系统产生破坏日益严重,甚至引起以珊瑚为主导的珊瑚礁系统转变为以大型藻类为主导的生态系统。全球气温上升和人为活动引起的一系列环境因子的变化被认为是各种珊瑚疾病发生的诱导因素,海水温度升高是Oculina patagonica和Pocillopora damicornis2种珊瑚细菌性白化的先决条件,其它环境因素如营养盐、有机污染物等超过一定量或pH值改变时会对珊瑚造成生理压力,降低其对病毒的抵抗力,也可能改变病原体生存的生态阈值,增强其病原毒力,引发并加速疾病的扩散。此外,珊瑚的生存环境如覆盖度、水深等与疾病的爆发也有一定的关系,一般认为覆盖度高,水深较浅处珊瑚疾病发生频率高。 | 黄玲英 余克服 | 2010 | 生态学报2010，30，5： | 16 |
| 3 | 涠洲岛园艺式珊瑚苗圃的架设与移植显示文摘【目的】探讨涠洲岛不同底质下最适宜的硬珊瑚苗圃架设方法和最佳移植培育种类。【方法】在涠洲岛周边海域砂质、基岩、珊瑚碎屑和礁石等4种不同底质架设固定式(20个)及悬浮式(112个)珊瑚苗圃,移植块状、枝状、叶状等7种硬珊瑚断枝,共2 436个;观测记录苗圃保存情况及珊瑚成活率、珊瑚体积增长率等。【结果】礁石底质海域的苗圃保存程度最高,为70%;其次是珊瑚碎屑海域(北部牛角坑)的苗圃,为57%。铁架式苗圃的平均保存率为63%,是保存程度最好的苗圃形式。经过一年时间的培育,风信子鹿角珊瑚Acropora hyacinthus的成活率为20%~80%,体积增加3.5倍;粗野鹿角珊瑚Acropora humilis成活率为25%~49%,体积增加1.5倍。其他种类珊瑚生长较慢,成活率较低。【结论】铁架式苗圃结构稳固、不易受台风等风暴潮的影响,是涠洲岛最适合的珊瑚苗圃形式。涠洲岛四面环海,珊瑚苗圃应架设在岛屿北部礁石和珊瑚碎屑基底的海域。风信子鹿角珊瑚在一年时间内体积可以增加3倍,且存活率高,是涠洲岛珊瑚礁移植最优先考虑的种类。 | 王欣 高霆炜 陈骁 周浩郎 李银强 苏治南 梁文 | 2017 | 广西科学2017，24，5： | 10 |
| 4 | Two centuries-long records of skeletal calcification in massive Porites colonies from Meiji Reef in the southern South China Sea and its responses to atmospheric CO_2 and seawater temperature显示文摘 | SHI Qi YU KeFu CHEN TianRan ZHANG HuiLing ZHAO MeiXia YAN HongQiang | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Experimental measurement of growth patterns on fossil corals:Secular variation in ancient Earth-Sun distances显示文摘In recent years,much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance,with the modern rate reported as 5-15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical measurements.However,traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leaving rates,so a myriad of research attempting to provide explanations were met with unmatched magnitudes.In this paper we consider that the growth patterns on fossils could reflect the ancient Earth-Sun relationships.Through mechanical analysis of both the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon systems,these patterns confirmed an increase in the Earth-Sun distance.With a large number of well-preserved specimens and new technology available,both the modern and ancient leaving rates could be measured with high precision,and it was found that the Earth has been leaving the Sun over the past 0.53 billion years.The Earth's semi-major axis was 146 million kilometers at the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon,equating to 97.6% of its current value.Measured modern leaving rates are 5-14 m/cy,whereas the ancient rates were much higher.Experimental results indicate a special expansion with an average expansion coefficient of 0.57H0 and deceleration in the form of Hubble drag.On the basis of experimental results,the Earth's semi-major axis could be represented by a simple formula that matches fossil measurements. | ZHANG WeiJia1,3,4,LI ZhengBin2,3 & LEI Yang1 1 Department of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 4 Committee of Yuanpei Honors Program,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，35： | 3 |
| 6 | Spatial variability of cyanobacterial community composition in Sanya Bay as determined by DGGE fingerprinting and multivariate analysis显示文摘The cyanobacterial communities in the surface and bottom waters of Sanya Bay were investigated on April 24 and 25,2010.Flow cytometry showed that the total cyanobacterial abundance in the surface and bottom layers ranged from 0.7×10 4 to 2.38×10 4 cells mL-1 and from 1×10 4 to 1.8×10 4 cells mL-1,respectively.Cyanobacterial diversity was analyzed using a molecular fingerprinting technique called denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),followed by DNA sequencing.The results were then interpreted through multivariate statistical analysis.Differences in the compositions of cyanobacterial communities were observed in the surface and bottom waters at the same station,with some bands obtained from both the surface and bottom layers,whereas some bands were present only in one layer.The predominant cyanobacterial species of the excised DGGE bands were related to Synechococcus or Synechococcus-like species(56.2%).Other phylogenetic groups identified included Chroococcidiopsis(6.3%),Cyanobium(6.3%) and some unclassified cyanobacteria(31.2%).A redundancy analysis(RDA) was conducted to reveal the relationships between the cyanobacterial community composition and environmental factors.Analysis results showed that the spatial variations in the cyanobacterial community composition in surface waters was significantly related to chlorophyll a(Chla),the biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),nitrate and phosphate(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the spatial variations in the bottom waters was significantly affected by nitrate,nitrite,and phosphate(P<0.05).Environmental parameters could explain 99.3% and 58.3% of the variations in the surface and bottom layers,respectively. | LING Juan ZHANG YanYing DONG JunDe WANG YouShao HUANG Hui CHEN Lei HUANG XiaoFang LONG LiJuan ZHANG Si | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，9： | 2 |
| 7 | Dynamic simulation of tropical coral reef ecosystem being disturbed by multiple situations显示文摘In consideration of the rapid degradation of coral reef ecosystems, the establishment of models is helpful to comprehend the degradation mechanism of coral reef ecosystems and predict the development process of coral reef communities. According to the characteristics of complex ecosystem of tropical coral reefs in China, the coral reef functional group is the core level variable;combined with the multiple feedback effects of coral reef functional groups and environmental changes, the study presents a coral reef ecosystem dynamics model with hermatypic corals as the core. Based on the simulation of the assumed initial value and the internal feedback of the system, the results show that in the basic simulation(relative health conditions), the coverage area of live corals and coral reefs generally decreased first and then increased, and increased by 4.67% and 6.38% between2010 and 2050, respectively. Based on the calibration model and the current situation of the studied area, the multi-factor disturbance effects of coral reef communities were simulated and explored by setting up three scenarios involving fishing policy, terrestrial deposition, and inorganic nitrogen emissions. Among them, in the single factor disturbance, the fishing policy exerts the most direct impact on the community decline;and the succession phenomenon is obvious;the terrestrial sedimentation has a faster and more integrated effect on the community decline;the effect of inorganic nitrogen emission on the community decline is relatively slow. In the double/multi-factor disturbance, the superimposed disturbance will aggravate the multi-source feedback effect of the coral reef communities development, accelerate the community decay rate, and make its development trajectory more complicated and diverse. This method provides a scientific and feasible method for simulating the damage of long-term coral reef community and exploring the development law and adaptive management of coral reef ecosystems. In the future, it can be further studied in the ecological restoration process and decisionmaking direction of coral reefs. | Geng Wang Rui Dong Huimin Xu Dewen Ding | 2021 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2021，40，9： | 1 |
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