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1在早 colorectal 癌症的内视镜的切除术的组织学的评估的重要性显示文摘 The diagnostic criteria for colonic intraepithelial tumors vary from country to country.While intramucosal adenocarcinoma is recognized in Japan,in Western countries adenocarcinoma is diagnosed only if the tumor invades to the submucosa and accesses the muscularis mucosae.However,endoscopic therapy,including endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),is used worldwide to treat adenoma and early colorectal cancer.Precise histopathological evaluation is important for the curativeness of these therapies as inappropriate endoscopic therapy causes local recurrence of the tumor that may develop into fatal metastasis.Therefore,colorectal ESD and EMR are not indicated for cancers with massive submucosal invasion.However,diagnosis of cancer with massive submucosal invasion by endoscopy is limited,even when magnifying endoscopy for pit pattern and narrow band imaging and flexible spectral imaging color of enhancement are performed.Therefore,occasional cancers with massive submucosal invasion will be treated by ESD and EMR.Precise histopathological evaluation of these lesions should be performed in order to determine the necessity of additional therapy,including surgical resection.Naohisa Yoshida Yuji Naito Nobuaki Yagi Akio Yanagisawa 2012World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2012,3,2:5
2Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms显示文摘Although endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) gains acceptance as one of the standard treatments for esophageal and stomach neoplasms in Japan,it is still in the developing stage for colorectal neoplasms.In terms of indications,little likelihood of nodal metastasis and technical resectability are principally considered.Some of intramucosal neoplasms,carcinomas with minute submucosal invasion,and carcinoid tumors,which are technically unresectable by conventional endoscopic treatments,may become good candidates for ESD,considering substantial risks and obtained benefits.ESD as a staging measure to obtain histological information of the invasion depth and lymphovascular infiltration is acceptable because preoperative prediction is difficult in some cases.In terms of techniques,advantages of ESD in comparison with other endoscopic treatments are to be controllable in size and shape,and to be resectable even in large and fibrotic neoplasms.The disadvantages may be longer procedure time,heavier bleeding,and higher possibility of perforation.However,owing to refinement of the techniques,invention of devices,and the learning curve,acceptable technical safety has been achieved.Colorectal ESD is very promising and become one of the standard treatments for colorectal neoplasms in the near future.Mitsuhiro Fujishiro 2009World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2009,1,1:1
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