| 1 | 种子活力与萌发的生理与分子机制研究进展显示文摘种子活力形成于种子发育的脱水阶段,与以往理解不同,近来研究表明种子脱水不仅仅是一个简单的失水过程,脱水与萌发存在一些相同的基因表达和代谢特征。萌发始于吸水膨胀,种子代谢恢复,胚根突破胚乳和种皮等外围包被组织完成萌发。种子萌发的质量关键在于储藏的mRNA的质量,另外,蛋白质稳定性和DNA完整性影响萌发的表型。激素作为一种信号小分子物质,浓度极小甚至是趋于零时对种子萌发仍具有非常重要的作用,近年来研究表明ABA/GAs的阈值范围调控种子休眠与萌发,其中,ABA几乎作用于种子萌发的全部过程,GA的作用并不像ABA那样广泛,主要在胚根突出时发生作用,且ABA和GA彼此抑制对方的合成与分解代谢基因,它们均可调控α-淀粉酶基因的转录。除ABA和GA外,近来发现AUX参与调控种子的休眠与萌发,其对胚根突出的调控比对子叶开展更加精细,AUX信号与ABA信号存在交叉,AUX通过其响应蛋白ARF10/16间接调控ABA信号通路中ABI3的稳定性来调控拟南芥种子休眠与萌发。与光照条件下相比,在土壤中萌发的幼苗将形成一个特异性的组织'顶钩',它的主要作用是在幼苗'顶土'时保护顶端分生组织,'顶钩'形成与生长素的不均匀分布有关。为了提高种子活力,引发技术被运用于生产,引发的关键在于控制种子'萌而未发',在'回干窗口'内及时脱水,引发过程中种子储藏的mRNAs和蛋白已经执行功能,回干后这种分子机制被'牢记',再吸胀的种子可以迅速整齐的萌发。除毒害分子外,ROS还作为信号分子参与调控种子休眠释放、胚乳松弛和贮藏物动员,且其与激素分子ABA和GA等存在交互作用,ROS还参与蛋白的翻译和翻译后修饰调控种子萌发吸水和贮藏物动员。在种子萌发过程中,甲硫氨酸代谢是代谢核心,其代谢产物广泛参与调控种子萌发的一些生理生化反应,如:DNA的合成,蛋白质的稳定性,染色体结构的形成和重塑,生物素的合成等,另外还与激素分子ABA、GA、ETH和CTK及活性氧活性(氮)存在交互作用。近来还发现甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶决定种子的寿命,它可能是种子活力的一个新的分子标记。本文将围绕上述内容对国内外研究现状进行综述,并对今后的研究热点,种子'提早'收获的感官依据,高活力种子田间出苗差异的分子机制,生长素在胚根突出时的重要作用,甲硫氨酸代谢,种子活力检测方法的选择等内容进行了展望。 | 李振华 王建华 | 2015 | 中国农业科学2015,48,4: | 87 |
| 2 | Genetic Analysis of Two Weak Dormancy Mutants Derived from Strong Seed Dormancy Wild Type Rice N22 (Oryza sativa)显示文摘Two weak dormancy mutants,designated Q4359 and Q4646,were obtained from the rice cultivar N22 after treatment with 400 Gy 60Co gamma-radiation.Compared to the N22 cultivar,the dormancy of the mutant seeds was more readily broken when exposed to a period of room temperature storage.The mutants also showed a reduced level of sensitivity to abscisic acid compared to the N22 cultivar,although Q4359 was more insensitive than Q4646.A genetic analysis indicated that in both mutants,the reduced dormancy trait was caused by a single recessive allele of a nuclear gene,but that the mutated locus was different in each case.The results of quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping,based on the F2 population from Q4359 x Nanjing35,suggested that Q4359 lacks the QTL qSdn-1 and carries a novel allele at QTL qSdn-9, while a similar analysis of the Q4646 x Nanjing35 F2 population suggested that Q4646 lacks QTL qSdn-5, both qSdn-1 and qSdn-5 are major effect seed dormancy QTL in N22.Therefore,these two mutants were helpful to understand the mechanism of seed dormancy in N22. | Bingyue Lu KunXie Chunyan Yang Long Zhang Tao Wu Xi Liu Ling Jiang Jianmin Wan | 2011 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2011,53,5: | 7 |
| 3 | Methylation of phytohormones by the SABATH methyltransferases显示文摘In plants,one of the most common modifications of secondary metabolites is methylation catalyzed by various methyltransferases. Recently,a new class of methyltransferases,the SABATH family of methyltransferases,was found to modify phytohormones and other small molecules.The SABATH methyltransferases share little sequence similarity with other well characterized methyltransferases.Arabidopsis has 24 members of the SABATH methyltransferase genes,and a subset of them has been shown to catalyze the formation of methyl esters with phytohormones and other small molecules.Physiological and genetic analyses show that methylation of phytohormones plays important roles in regulating various biological processes in plants,including stress responses,leaf development,and seed maturation/germination.In this review,we focus on phytohormone methylation by the SABATH family methyltransferases and the implication of these modifications in plant development. | QU LiJia LI Shuang XING ShuFan | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010,55,21: | 6 |
| 4 | Arabidopsis AtVPS15 Plays Essential Roles in Pollen Germination Possibly by Interacting with AtVPS34显示文摘VPS15 蛋白质是在酵母和哺乳动物的房间的发展起一个枢轴的作用的 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 建筑群的一个部件。它在植物的相当或相同事物的功能的知识仍然保持有限。这里,我们报导那 AtVPS15,在 Arabidopsis 的酵母 VPS15p 的一个相当或相同事物,在花粉萌芽起一个必要作用。AtVPS15 的同型结合的 T-DNA 插入异种不能从 self-pollinated 的子孙被获得异质接合的异种。在 atvps15 异种和野类型的 Arabidopsis 之间的相互的十字表明 T-DNA 插入不能被男配偶体播送。显微镜的分析显示出的染色的 DAPI,亚历山大的污点和扫描电子那 atvps15 异质接合的植物生产了与野类型的花粉词法上难区分的花粉谷物,而 in vitro 萌芽实验揭示了那,花粉谷物的萌芽是有缺点的。染色表示 AtVPS15 倡导者驾驶的 GUS 记者基因的转基因的植物的分析的 GUS 显示出那 AtVPS15 主要在花粉谷物被表示。最后,二混血儿的分析表明了的 DUALmembrane 酵母那 AtVPS15 可能与 AtVPS34 直接交往。这些结果建议 AtVPS15 为花粉萌芽是很重要的,可能通过 PI3-kinase 的活动的调整。 | Wei-Ying Wang Li Zhang Shufan Xing Zhiqiang Ma Jingjing Liu Hongya Gu Genji Qin Li-Jia Qu | 2012 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2012,39,2: | 6 |