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| 1 | 从商品主导逻辑到服务主导逻辑——以苹果公司为例显示文摘苹果公司向顾客提供的究竟是商品还是服务?将商品与服务明确区分在工业经济时代是比较容易的,背后体现的是商品主导逻辑;但是在信息化和全球化的今天,这种区分变得相当困难。越来越多的公司像苹果公司那样提供的既不是纯商品也不是纯服务,而是将两者组合的'解决方案'。新的基于使用价值的服务主导逻辑正在兴起并逐渐取代传统的基于交换价值的商品主导逻辑,用来指导企业的战略和行动。 | 刘林青 雷昊 谭力文 | 2010 | 中国工业经济2010，，9： | 105 |
| 2 | THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:INTEGRATED SERVICES AND GOODS显示文摘经济的产量或产品能被划分成服务产品和商品产品(由于生产,构造,农业和采矿) 。迄今为止,通常,服务和商品产品是独立集体的生产。与分别地集中了于发展和商品的大量生产的第一和第二条工业革命相对照,然而,下一个或第三条工业革命集中于服务或商品的集成;它在第 21 世纪的这第二十年正在开始。第三条工业革命(TIR ) 基于三主要工艺的 enablers 的融合(即,大数据分析学,适应服务并且数字生产) ;他们支撑集成或服务或商品的集体定制。是在一份更早的报纸详细说明了,我们认为集体定制是供应和需求链的同时、即时的管理,基于一个分类,那能以它的 underpinning 部件和管理 foci 被定义。即时集体定制的好处不能作为商品被说大话,服务变得难区分,导致压到优势的经济并且作为 servgoods 在是 co-produced 消费顾客的工业化国家的即时优点同时 co-producing 制片人。 | James M.TIEN | 2012 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2012，21，3： | 16 |
| 3 | MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES:FROM MASS PRODUCTION TO MASS CUSTOMIZATION显示文摘Manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country's economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest sectors.The outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products(due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining) and services products.To date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass customization.We regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci.From a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration point.From a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or fixed.Interestingly,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus manageable.Simultaneous management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer market.Simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization(e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual's upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting).The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced-as 'servgoods'-in real time,resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage. | James M.TIEN | 2011 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2011，20，2： | 15 |
| 4 | ON INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION IN COMPLEX SERVICE SYSTEMS显示文摘服务性行业在工业化国家采用工人的一个大、成长的比例,并且它逐渐地依赖于信息和通讯技术。当生产和服务的互相依赖,类似和补充是重要的时,商品和服务之间有可观的差别,包括在到集体定制的从大量生产的焦点的移动(一种服务由此响应一个顾客被生产并且交付,说了或把归咎于需要) 。一般来说,服务能被认为是作为供应商一起工作的知识集中的代理人或部件,创造的消费者或共同生产珍视。象生产系统一样,一个有效服务系统一定是系统的一个综合系统,导致更大的连接和互相依赖。集成必须在物理、时间、组织上、功能的尺寸上发生,并且必须包括担心部件,管理,和系统的方法。而且,一个有效服务系统一定也是一个能适应的系统,导致更大的价值和应答的海角。改编必须发生在监视的尺寸上,反馈,控制论并且学习,并且必须包括担心空间,时间,和系统的方法。简言之,服务系统是确实复杂的,特别由于与如此的系统的以人为中心的方面联系的不确定性。而且,系统复杂性能仅仅被处理提高系统集成和改编的方法。纸与几卓见得出结论,包括转移开发为为进一步开发服务的一条系统工程途径的服务的一门科学或学科的当前的错放的焦点的一个请求,一条途径基于集成和改编大量科学或学科(例如,物理,数学,统计,心理学,社会学,等等)。事实上,被要求的,是服务相关的 transdisciplinary - 远非一个单身者所及纪律 - 本体论或分类作为纪律集成和改编的一个基础。 | James M.TIEN | 2008 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2008，17，4： | 10 |
| 5 | HEALTHCARE: A COMPLEX SERVICE SYSTEM显示文摘Healthcare is indeed a complex service system, one requiring the technobiology approach of systems engineering to underpin its development as an integrated and adaptive system. In general, healthcare services are carried out with knowledge-intensive agents or components which work together as providers and consumers to create or co-produce value. Indeed, the engineering design of a healthcare system must recognize the fact that it is actually a complex integration of human-centered activities that is increasingly dependent on information technology and knowledge. Like any service system, healthcare can be considered to be a combination or recombination of three essential components – people (characterized by behaviors, values, knowledge, etc.), processes (characterized by collaboration, customization, etc.) and products (characterized by software, hardware, infrastructures, etc.). Thus, a healthcare system is an integrated and adaptive set of people, processes and products. It is, in essence, a system of systems which objectives are to enhance its efficiency (leading to greater interdependency) and effectiveness (leading to improved health). Integration occurs over the physical, temporal, organizational and functional dimensions, while adaptation occurs over the monitoring, feedback, cybernetic and learning dimensions. In sum, such service systems as healthcare are indeed complex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the human-centered aspects of these systems. Moreover, the system complexities can only be dealt with methods that enhance system integration and adaptation. | James M. TIEN Pascal J. GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT | 2009 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2009，18，3： | 3 |
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