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| 1 | 中纬度亚洲现代间冰期气候变化的“西风模式”讨论显示文摘中纬度亚洲地区存在主要受季风环流影响的东南部湿润地区(简称季风区)和主要受西风环流控制的内陆干旱区(包括青藏高原北部高寒干旱区,简称西风区)。根据对近年来新发表的气候变化记录证据梳理总结,发现西风区在中—晚全新世气候湿润,与亚洲季风在早—中全新世强盛的格局显著不同。过去千年的西风区中世纪暖期干旱,而小冰期相对湿润,与此相对,万象洞石笋氧同位素记录则显示季风降水在中世纪暖期时整体处于高值,在小冰期处于低值段。在近百年,尤其是近50a,西北干旱区湿度增加,而季风影响范围内的西北东部和华北等地变得更干。不仅如此,在分属西风和季风影响区的青藏高原北部和南部,年代际—百年尺度上降水变化也表现出反相位关系。据此我们提出,亚洲中部西风带控制区在现代间冰期从数千年到年代际的各个时间尺度上均存在不同于季风区的湿度(降水)变化模式,称之为现代间冰期气候变化的西风模式。 | 陈发虎 陈建徽 黄伟 | 2009 | 地学前缘2009，16，6： | 63 |
| 2 | Glacier variations and climate warming and drying in the central Himalayas显示文摘Repeat measurements of glacier terminus positions show that glaciers in the central Himalayas have been in a continuous retreat situation in the past decades. The average retreat rate is 5.5-8.7 m/a in Mt. Qomolangma(Everest) since the 1960s and 6.4 m/a in Mt. Xixiabangma since the 1980s. In recent years, the retreat rate is increasing.Ice core studies revealed that the accumulation rate of glaciers has a fluctuating decrease trend in the last century with a rapid decrease in the 1960s and a relatively steady low value afterwards. Meteorological station record indicates that the annual mean temperature has a slow increase trend but summer temperature had a larger increase in the past 30 a. All these suggest that the glacier retreat results from precipitation decrease in combination with temperature increase,and hence glacier shrinkage in this region will speed up if the climatic warming and drying continues. | RENJiawen QINDahe KANGShichang HOUShugui PUJianchen JINGZhefan | 2004 | Chinese Science Bulletin2004，49，1： | 42 |
| 3 | 近60年青藏高原地区地面感热通量的时空演变特征显示文摘利用NCEP/NCAR地面感热通量再分析格点资料,分析了1951-2010年青藏高原(下称高原)地区地面感热通量的基本气候特征、年际与年代际变化及其空间分布,采用滑动t检验和小波分析研究了高原年平均感热通量变化的突变特征,并分析了影响高原感热变化的因素以及探讨了高原感热的变化对东亚、南亚夏季风的影响。结果表明,就全年平均而言,高原感热通量大部分地区为正值,说明高原为热源;冬季是全年感热通量最小的季节,为负值;其余季节感热均为正值,即由地面向大气输送感热。近60年高原的感热通量出现了不同程度的减少,春、夏季呈现出不显著的下降趋势,秋、冬季和年平均感热通量的下降趋势比较显著,分别为0.94,0.50和0.49 W·m-2·(10a)-1。感热线性趋势的空间分布具有季节性和区域性差异。由于1969年前后的突变,导致高原感热在1970-1981年的下降趋势显著。高原感热的变化与气温呈负相关,与风速和地温呈正相关,与降水的关系不明显。年际尺度上,春季、年平均高原感热的减弱(增强)区域和东亚、南亚夏季风指数有很好的正(负)相关,其显著变化可能会在某种程度上影响东亚、南亚夏季风。 | 王学佳 杨梅学 万国宁 | 2013 | 高原气象2013，32，6： | 37 |
| 4 | 青藏高原南部冰芯记录与大气环流的关系显示文摘通过念青唐古拉峰拉弄冰川垭口处(30°24′30″N,90°34′12″E;海拔5850m)长度为29.5m的冰芯记录,恢复了1952-1998年间大气降水δD和净积累量的时间变化序列。上述两组序列与NCEP/NCAR气候资料的相关分析表明:δD和净积累量与中亚冬季的气压、南亚和青藏高原冬季、夏季的位势高度关系密切。中亚地区冬季气压的升高以及冬、夏季南亚和青藏高原位势高度的异常增强了印度夏季风,导致了念青唐古拉峰地区20世纪80年代以来降水量的增多和降水中δD值的降低。根据念青唐古拉冰芯δD和净积累量记录及其与亚洲地区大气环流的关系,可以通过青藏高原南部较长的冰芯记录来恢复过去该地区大气环流变化的历史。 | 康世昌 秦大河 任贾文 P.A.Mayewski 侯书贵 张东启 张拥军 S.Kaspari | 2006 | 第四纪研究2006，26，2： | 22 |
| 5 | 中国冰川积累与水汽来源补给分析显示文摘利用冰川编目数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对中国及周边地区水汽通量、中国冰川地理分布情况、大气环流途径和降水分布进行分析,发现中国冰川水汽来源复杂,不同地区各季节存在不同的大气环流控制.这说明不同地理位置的冰川所指示的气候信息是不同的,大约以30°N和100°E为界,中国西北部主要受西风环流影响,冰川发育的水汽主要源于西风环流.以横断山脉为界,横断山脉以西,即30°N以南和100°E以西的区域,主要受印度季风控制,冰川发育水汽主要源于印度洋、阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾;横断山脉以东区域,受东亚季风控制,冰川发育水汽主要来源于太平洋和南海;横断山脉、念青唐古拉和青藏高原东部地区受印度季风和东亚季风共同控制,冰川发育水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和南海.不同地区冰芯积累量的变化与该地区夏季季风环流指数的变化具有较好的一致性. | 张忠林 何元庆 庞洪喜 卢爱刚 顾娟 | 2004 | 冰川冻土2004，26，6： | 12 |
| 6 | 1954年以来珠穆朗玛峰地区两支冰芯记录的对比分析显示文摘根据珠穆朗玛峰 (以下简称珠峰 )地区远东绒布冰川和东绒布冰川两支冰芯记录的恢复 ,195 4年以来的冰川净积累量相差达 1倍以上 ,但两支冰芯记录均表明 :2 0世纪 6 0年代冰川净积累量出现急剧减少现象 ,印度季风系统的突变可能是造成冰川净积累量变化的主要原因 .两支冰芯δ18O剖面的总体变化趋势基本相同 ,但研究时段内远东绒布冰芯的δ18O平均值比东绒布冰芯的相应值低 3 12‰ ,其原因有待进一步研究 .两支冰芯的主要离子浓度剖面之间也存在较明显的差异 。 | 侯书贵 张东启 | 2003 | 冰川冻土2003，25，3： | 11 |
| 7 | Glacier Extent and Volume Change(1966~2000) on the Su-lo Mountain in Northeastern Tibetan Plateau,China显示文摘The topographic maps of 1:50,000 scales,aerial photographs taken in 1966,one Landsat image taken in 1999,and SRTM data from 2000 were used to quantify the losses in area and volume of the glaciers on the Su-lo Mountain,in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau,China in the past 30 years.The total glacier area decreased from 492.9km2 in 1966 to 458.2km2 in 1999.The volume loss of the studied glaciers reached 1.4 km3 from 1966 to 2000.This agrees with documented changes in other mountain glaciers of the whole Tibetan Plateau. | WANG Yetang HOU Shugui HONG Sungmin HUR Soon Do LIU Yaping | 2008 | Journal of Mountain Science2008，5，4： | 10 |
| 8 | 1844 AD以来珠穆朗玛峰地区大气环境变化高分辨率冰芯记录显示文摘根据珠穆朗玛峰东侧东绒布冰川海拔6450 m处长度为80.36 m的冰芯1886个样品的δ18O与主要离子浓度资料,研究了1844 AD以来珠穆朗玛峰地区大气环境在季节及年际尺度上的变化特征.结果表明:δ18O与Na+、K+和Cl-相关不明显,与Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、NO3-和NH4+具有较强的相关性.据相关分析及因子分析的结果,可以把8种主要离子分成5组来研究,它们主要表现为:海盐离子Na+可反映印度夏季风强弱变化;K+和Cl-在一定程度上可以反映印度等南亚地区生物质燃烧量的变化;陆源Ca2+和Mg2+离子表现为春季的峰值和夏季的低值,冬春季高浓度的Ca2+和Mg2+可能主要来自南亚的塔尔沙漠,以及西亚的干燥少雨的高原地区,或更遥远的北非撒哈拉沙漠,同时,青藏高原本身也可能是一个重要的沙尘源区;NO3-和SO42-离子浓度表现出高频的季节变化特征,存在春季的峰值和夏季的低值,20世纪70年代初期至90年代初期,NO3-和SO42-离子浓度一直维持在较高的水平;NH4+浓度在20世纪40年代以来的大幅度上升可能是世界大战后,社会趋于稳定,南亚地区农业迅速发展而大量使用化学肥料的结果. | 耿志新 侯书贵 张东启 康世昌 孙希梅 | 2007 | 冰川冻土2007，29，5： | 8 |
| 9 | Altitude Effects of Climatic Variation on Tibetan Plateau and Its Vicinities显示文摘High topographies,such as the Tibetan plateau(TP) in China,have been considered as the sensitive areas in response to global climate change.By analyzing the relationship between warming structure and altitude(1000-5000m) in the TP and its vicinities using the 46-year January mean observed temperature data,we found that there was a significant altitude effect of temperature warming onset time(mutation time) on the plateau and the neighboring regions:the higher the altitude,the later the climate warming happens,and vice versa.There also seems a slight altitude effect on warming magnitude:the higher the altitude,the less the warming magnitude.Therefore,the temperature warming in the high altitude area of the TP(below 5000 m) responds to global warming less sensitively than the low-altitude neighboring areas both in onset time and magnitude,which may be mainly caused by high albedo and large thermal capacity of the ice/snow cover on the higher part of the plateau and possible heat island effect in the lower part of the plateau. | 卢爱刚 康世昌 李宗省 Wilfred H Theakstone | 2010 | Journal of Earth Science2010，21，2： | 5 |
| 10 | Changes in annual accumulation retrieved from Geladaindong ice core and its relationship to atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘Annual accumulation records covering 1935 to 2004 were reconstructed using Geladaindong ice core in the source of Yangtze River. A significant positive correlation between annual accumulation and precipitation from nearby meteorological stations was found, suggesting ice core accumulation could be taken as a precipitation proxy in the region. In the past 70 years, precipitation in the Geladaindong region was low from 1930s to early 1960s, and the lowest value occurred in the later 1950s. Since 1960s, precipitation increased dramatically and reached the maximum around 1980s, then decreased slightly in 1990s. By using Mann-Kendall rank statistical test method, a change point for precipitation was de- termined in 1967. Analysis of the atmospheric circulation over the Tibetan Plateau suggested that, compared with the southwest wind during the low precipitation period (before 1967), it extended about 2 latitudes northward during high precipitation period (after 1967). Moreover, during the high precipita- tion, the trough over the Bal Karshi Lake was also enhanced, and both the meridional wind and vapor transporting displayed a remarkable aggrandizement. | ZHANG YongJun KANG ShiChang QIN DaHe GRIGHOLM Bjorn MAYEWSKI Paul A. | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，23： | 2 |
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