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| 1 | 中国内陆高原雷暴云底部正电荷区的形成机制显示文摘为了进一步了解中国内陆高原雷暴的特殊性,基于以往高原雷暴存在范围深厚的底部正电荷区的观测及模拟事实,利用三维完全可压缩非静力(WRF)模式对2017年6月20日一次内陆高原雷暴过程进行模拟,分析高原雷暴成熟阶段的底部正电荷结构特征;并从微物理和动力角度对其形成机制进行讨论。模拟结果表明,内陆高原地区雷暴云成熟阶段主要呈倾斜的三级性电荷结构;其中底部正电荷区的范围和电荷密度均较大。底部正电荷区主要是由霰和冰雹等固态大粒子与冰晶、雪晶等固态小粒子非感应碰撞起电携带的正电荷以及霰粒子与云滴之间的感应碰撞起电携带正电荷组成;此外霰粒子与雹粒子降落过程中融化成携带正电荷的雨滴也对深厚的底部正电荷区存在一定的作用。 | 曾凡辉 郭凤霞 廉纯皓 甘明骏 黎奇 刘泽 | 2019 | 科学技术与工程2019，19，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Numerical simulation of the effect of lower positive charge region in thunderstorms on different types of lightning显示文摘Combined with the existing stochastic lightning parameterization scheme, a classic tripole charge structure in thunderstorms is assumed in the paper, and then 2-dimensional fine-resolution lighting discharge simulations are performed to quantitatively investigate the effect of lower positive charge(LPC) on different types of lightning. The results show:(1) The LPC plays a key role in generating negative cloud-to-ground(CG) flashes and inverted intra-cloud(IC) lightning, and with the increase of charge density or distribution range of LPC region, lightning type changes from positive polarity IC lightning to negative CG flashes and then to inverted IC lightning.(2) Relative to distribution range of charge regions, the magnitude of charge density of the LPC region plays a dominant role in lightning type. Only when the maximal charge density value of LPC region is within a certain range, can negative CG flashes occur, and the occurrence probability is relatively fixed.(3) In this range, the charge density and distribution range of LPC region jointly determine the occurrence of negative CG flashes, which has a linear boundary with the trigger condition of IC lightning.(4) The common effect of charge density and distribution range of the LPC region is to change the distribution of positive potential well of bottom part of thunderstorms, and inverted IC lightning occurs when the initial reference potential is close to 0 MV, and negative CG flashes occur when the initial reference potential is far less than 0 MV. | TAN YongBo LIANG ZhongWu SHI Zheng ZHU JunRu GUO XiuFeng | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，9： | 5 |
| 3 | Case Studies of Sprite-producing and Non-sprite-producing Summer Thunderstorms显示文摘Three summer thunderstorms in the eastern region of China were analyzed in detail using multiple data,including Doppler radar,lightning location network,TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission),MTSAT(Multi-Function Transport Satellite)images,NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)Reanalysis,and radiosonde.Two of the three storms were sprite-producing and the other was non-spriteproducing.The two sprite-producing storms occurred on 1–2 August and 27–28 July 2007,producing 16and one sprite,respectively.The non-sprite-producing storm occurred on 29–30 July 2007.The major objective of the study was to try to fnd possible diferences between sprite-producing and non-sprite producing storms using the multiple datasets.The results showed that the convection in the 1–2 August storm was the strongest compared with the other storms,and it produced the largest number of sprites.Precipitation ice,cloud ice and cloud water content in the convective regions in the 1–2 August storm were larger than in the other two storms,but the opposite was true in the weak convective regions.The storm microphysical properties along lines through parent CG(cloud-to-ground lightning)locations showed no special characteristics related to sprites.The flash rate evolution in the 1–2 August storm provided additional confrmation that major sprite activity coincides with a rapid decrease in the negative CG flash rate.However,the evolution curve of the CG flash rate was erratic in the sprite-producing storm on 27–28 July,which was signifcantly diferent from that in the 1–2 August storm.The average positive CG peak current in sprite-producing storms was larger than that in the non-sprite-producing one. | 杨静 杨美荣 刘超 冯桂力 | 2013 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2013，30，6： | 4 |
| 4 | A gigantic jet event observed over a thunderstorm in China's Mainland显示文摘Gigantic jet(GJ) is a type of large-scaled transient discharge which occurs above thunderstorms.It connects the thunderstorms and ionosphere directly.Compared with the other transient luminous events(TLEs),gigantic jet is very difficult to be seen from the ground.We report a GJ event that was clearly recorded in eastern China(storm center located at 35.6°N,119.8°E,near the Huanghai Sea) at 20:16:22(local time) on 12 August,2010.It is by far the furthest from the equator ground-based GJ recorded over summer thunderstorm.The top altitude of this GJ was estimated to be about 89 km.The GJ-producing storm was a multi-cell thunderstorm and the GJ event occurred in the storm developing stage,with the lowest cloud-top brightness temperature about 73°C and the maximum radar echo top around 17 km.Altitudes with reflectivity of 45 dBZ were estimated to reach 12-14 km.Different from results from other countries that positive CGs(Cloud-to-ground lightnings) dominated during a time period centered at GJ,our study shows that negative CGs dominated during a time period centered at the GJ event and during most of the storm lifetime in this study,indicating a diversity of the lightning activity in the GJ-producing storms.It is interesting that two different storms produced two types of TLEs,that is,the GJ-producing storm only produced one GJ event during its lifetime and five sprites were produced over another storm,different from the other study that sprites and GJs were usually produced by the same storm,enriched the knowledge of GJ-producing storms.In addition,the GJ event in this study is located beyond the effective coverage area(30°S-30°N) of the ISUAL instruments onboard the FORMOSAT II satellite,and results of this study could be useful for GJ studies in the future. | YANG Jing FENG GuiLi | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，36： | 3 |
| 5 | 基于双金属球三维电场探空仪的一次雷暴云内电荷结构观测研究显示文摘本文自主研制性能稳定的双金属球三维电场探空仪,并结合气象探空仪等构建了雷暴电场-气象综合探空系统,实现了雷暴云内三维电场及温度、湿度的同步测量.2019年夏季对华北平原地区雷暴开展穿云观测,并结合地面大气电场、雷达回波、变分多普勒雷达分析系统(VDRAS)反演的动力场等资料进行综合研究,首次给出该地区雷暴云内的电场和电荷结构分布特征.对2019年8月7日发生的一次中尺度对流系统电场探空发现,在雷暴减弱阶段,其弱回波区内存在5个极性交替的电荷区:4.4~5.6 km之间的上部正电荷区(0℃附近)、3.6~4.4 km之间的中部负电荷区和1.0~3.6 km之间的下部正电荷区,此外在1 km下方有一个负极性电荷区,雷暴云顶附近5.7~6.9 km之间为一个弱负极性屏蔽电荷区.其中,中部负电荷区和下部正电荷区由多个不同强度、不同厚度的电荷层构成.此外,电场探空系统在中部负电荷区高度范围内经历的上升—下沉—再次上升的往返探空数据表明,雷暴云内动力环境复杂,电荷结构分布相似但又有所差异,反映了实际雷暴云内电荷分布的时空不均匀性和复杂性. | 张鸿波 郄秀书 刘明远 蒋如斌 陆高鹏 刘瑞婷 刘冬霞 陈志雄 孙竹玲 李宗祥 李进梁 马子龙 | 2021 | 地球物理学报2021，64，4： | 2 |
| 6 | 地表相对介电常数对雷暴云定位影响分析与研究显示文摘地表并非均匀介质的理想导体,传统的一维大气电场分量无法准确的对雷暴云进行定位,而利用大气电场三维场强分量进行雷暴云定位时,电场的场强、雷暴云的高度角测量往往会受到地表及空气介电常数的影响,产生定位误差。为解决雷暴云定位精度低的问题,分析了三维大气电场对于地表相对介电常数的敏感特性,结合镜像法,利用空中电荷电场分布、雷暴云电荷结构等原理,建立了雷暴云定位模型,分析得到大气电场场强、高度角与环境相对介电常数的关系。实验结果表明,地表相对介电常数越大,所测得的电场水平分量与雷暴云高度角越大,地表相对介电常数与大气电场水平分量的相关系数为-9.5,呈负相关,相关性强,因此要获得准确的雷暴云高度及方位,还须实时的地表相对介电常数进行修正。 | 李胤演 行鸿彦 | 2022 | 电子测量与仪器学报2022，36，6： | 1 |
| 7 | 冰晶核化对雷暴云闪电行为影响的数值模拟研究显示文摘为了探讨冰晶核化对雷暴云闪电行为的影响,通过已有的三维对流云起、放电模式探讨对比了3种冰晶核化方案,分别为原模式中的经验公式YS方案及与气溶胶相关的DE方案和LP方案。研究表明冰晶核化方案对雷暴云内冰晶微物理发展特征、起电及放电过程均有一定影响。模拟结果显示:(1)考虑了气溶胶的两种新参数化方案中冰晶粒子在高温区(高于-13.8℃)出现,在雷暴云发展过程中DE方案和LP方案冰晶的垂直分布均大于YS方案。(2)DE方案和LP方案中高温区出现的冰晶所带电荷极性有明显的反转现象,导致雷暴云电荷结构产生差异;雷暴云发展旺盛时刻DE方案和LP方案出现三级性电荷结构,而YS方案在整个雷暴云过程都是偶极性,并且DE方案和LP方案中电荷空间分布区域更加广泛。(3)不同核化方案下雷暴云放电特征存在差异,YS方案在偶极性电荷结构背景下没有负地闪产生,而DE方案和LP方案中次正电荷区的存在促进了负地闪的发生,并且负先导出现在较低的高度范围内;DE方案和LP方案中电荷量级较大,因此云闪发生频次以及正、负先导传播次数增加明显。 | 谭涌波 向春燕 马肖 夏艳羚 张鑫 | 2017 | 气象学报2017，75，2： | 1 |
| 8 | 卫生陶瓷釉面光泽及其烧成控制显示文摘 | | 2000 | 江苏建材2000，，1： | 0 |
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