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| 1 | Liquid Crystal Motion Picture Projector显示文摘LiquidCrystalMotionPictureProjector①SHIYongji(LuoyangTechnologyColege,Luoyang471003,CHN)Abstract:Aliquidcrystalmovingpicturep... | SHI Yongji(Luoyang Technology College,Luoyang 471003,CHN)Abstract: A liquid crystal moving picture projector and method are described.Light incident on a liquid crystal display-type device is selectively scattered or transmitted by respective portions of liquid crystal display,and a projection mechanism projects an image formed by either such scattered light or such transmitted light.A liquid crystal moving picture projector includes a liquid crystal display for creating characteristics of an image,and projecttion optics for projecting images sequentially created by the display.The display includes a liquid crystal material capable of temporary storing information at respective areas.The temporary storage may be a function of charge storing directly on liquid crystal material.A method of projecting plural images in sequence includes:creating an image or characteristics of an image in a liquid crystal material,storing such image in such liquid crystal material,directing light at such liquid crystal material,projecting such image as a function of light transmitted through or scattered by such liquid crystal material,and creating a further image in such liquid crystal material for subsequent projection. | 1997 | Semiconductor Photonics and Technology1997，3，3： | 35 |
| 2 | Intracellular compartmentation of CTP synthase in Drosophila显示文摘Compartmentation is essential for the localization of biological processes within a eukaryotic cell.ATP synthase localizes to organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.By contrast,little is known about the subcellular distribution of CTP synthase,the critical enzyme in the production of CTP,a high-energy molecule similar to ATP.Here I describe the identification of a novel intracellular structure con-taining CTP synthase,termed the cytoophidium,in Drosophila cells.I find that cytoophidia are present in all major cell types in the ovary and exist in a wide range of tissues such as brain,gut,trachea,testis,accessory gland,salivary gland and lymph gland.In addition,I find CTP synthase-containing cytoophidia in other fruit fly species.The observation of compartmentation of CTP synthase now permits a broad range of questions to be addressed concerning not only the structure and function of cytoophidia but also the organization and regulation of CTP synthesis. | Ji-Long Liu Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit,Department of Physiology,Anatomy and Genetics,University of Oxford,Oxford,OX1 3QX,United Kingdom | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，5： | 16 |
| 3 | Establishment of an artificial β-cell line expressing insulin under the control of doxycycline显示文摘AIM: Artificial β-cell lines may offer an abundant source of calls for the treatment of type Ⅰ diabetes, but insulin secretion in β-cells is tightly regulwted in physiological conditions The Tet-On system is a 'gene switch' system,which can induce gene expression by administration of tetracycline (Tet) derivatives such as doxcycline (D ox).Using this system, we established 293 cells to an artificial cell line secreting insulin in response to stimulation by Dox.METHODS: The mutated proinsulin cDNA was obtained fromplasmid pcDNA3.1/C-mlNS by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and was inserted downstream from the promoter onthe expression vector pTRE2, to construct a recombinedexpression vector pTRE2mlNS. The promoter on pTRE2consists of the tetracycline-response element and the CMVminimal promoter and is thus activated by the reversetetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) when Dox isadministrated. pTRE2mlNS and plasmid pTK-Hyg encodinghygromycin were co-transfected in the tet293 cells, whichexpress rtTA stably. Following hygromycin screening, thesurvived cells expressing insulin were selected andenriched. Dox was used to control the expression of insulinin these cells. At the levels of mRNA and protein, theregulating effect of Dox in culture medium on the expressionof proinsulin gene was estimated respectively with Northernblot, RT-PCR, and radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: From the 28 hygromycin-resistant cell strains, weselected one cell strain (tet293/Ins6) secreting insulin notonly automatically, but in response to stimulation by Dox.The amount on insulin secretion was dependent on the Doxdose (0,10,100,200,400,800 and 1000 μg@ L-1 ), the level ofinsulin secreted by the cells treated with Dox ( 1000μg. L-1 )wes 241.0 pU@d1 @cell-1 , which was 25-fold that of 9.7 pU@d1@ cell-1 without Dox treatment. Northern blot analyses andRT-PCR further confinned that the transcription of insulingene had already been up-regulated after exposing tet293/Ins6 cells to Dox for 15 minutes, and was also induced in adose-depeodent manner. However, the concentration ofinsulin in the media did not increase significantly until 5hours following the addition of Dox.CONCLUSION: Human proinsulin gene was transfectedsuccessfully and expressed efficiently in 293 cells, and theexpression was modulated by tetracycline and itsderivatives, improving the accuracy, safety, and reliabilityof gene therapy, suggesting that conditional establishmentof artificial β-cells may be a useful approach to developcellular therapy for diabetes mellitus. | Xin-Yu Qin Kun-Tang Shen,Department of General Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China Xin Zhang Zhi-Hong Cheng Xiang-Ru Xu Ze-Guang Han,Functional Genomics Division,Chinese National Human Genome Center At Shanghai,Shanghai 201203,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，2： | 15 |
| 4 | Selenium Requirements as Discussed in the 1996 Joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Consultation on Trace Elements in Human Nutrition显示文摘In March 1996, WHO officially released an updated trace element nutrition report that presents much new information, especially regarding iodine, zinc, copper and selenium. For most minerals, both basal as well as normative requirements are given. The basal requirement refers to the intake needed to prevent clinically manifest signs of impaired function attributable to deficiency of the nutrient. The normative requirement refers to the intake needed to maintain a level of tissue storage (or index enzyme activity) judged to be desirable and appropriate.In the case of selenium, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet basal requirements for adult males and females were 21 and 16 μg/day, respectively. These were derived from the amount needed to protect against Keshan disease plus a body weight correction factor. On the other hand, the population minimum mean intakes likely to meet normative requirements for adult males and females were 40 and 30μg/day, respectively. These were calculated from the amount needed to achieve two-thirds of the maximal plasma glutathione peroxidase activity assuming an interindividual variability of normal dietary selenium intake of 16%. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between these nutritional standards and the actual dietary intakes of selenium around the | ORVILLE A. LEVANDER (Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U. S. Department of Agricult ure, ARS, Beltsville,Maryland 20705-235, USA) | 1997 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences1997，10，2： | 14 |
| 5 | Catalytic oxidation of soot particulates over MnO_x-CeO_2 oxides prepared by complexation-combustion method显示文摘MnOx-CeO2 oxides prepared by complexation-combustion method were used for soot oxidation. The highest conversion rate of soot was obtained on a MnOx-CeO2 oxide prepared under mild acid condition of pH = 4, where the oxidation temperature corresponding to maximum activity was decreased more than 150℃ compared with that of un-catalytic soot oxidation. The structure and property of the catalysts were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results indicated that there were at least two kinds of Mn species present in MnOx-CeO2 catalysts, i.e. Mn ions within CeO2 lattice and high dispersion MnOx on the surface of CeO2. The presence of Mn ions in the CeO2 lattice improved the oxygen vacancy due to the charge difference, and the CeO2 considerably decreased the reduction temperature of MnOx. The capability to activate oxygen through the oxygen exchange between O2 in gas phase and lattice oxygen species in MnOx-CeO2 oxide contributed to the high catalytic activity for the reaction. | Wenjuan Shan, Na Ma, Jiali Yang, Xiaowei Dong, Chang Liu, Lingling Wei Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China | 2010 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2010，19，1： | 11 |
| 6 | Preparation of photoanode and its application to flexible dye-sensitized solar cells显示文摘A TiO2 slurry was prepared by hydrothermal treating mixture of commercial TiO2 (P25),ethanol and distilled water in an autoclave.A flexible photoanode and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was fabricated on an ITO-coated poly (ethylene naphthalate) sheet (ITO/PEN) substrate by a doctor-blade technique.The sample was characterized with SEM,UV-vis,FTIR,and the photoelectric properties of the DSSC were measured.The influence of preparation conditions on the properties of the flexible DSSC was investigated.It is found that the TiO2 slurry hydrothermally treated in 185°C for 12 h has good stability and uniformity.Based on the slurry,a flexible DSSC with light-to-electric conversion efficiencies of 3.4% is achieved under irradiation with a simulate solar light intensity of 100 mW/cm2. | XIAO YaoMing,WU JiHuai,LI QingHua,XIE GuiXiang,YUE GenTian,YE HaiFeng,LAN Zhang,HUANG MiaoLiang & LIN JianMing Englineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials,Minsitry of Education,China The Key Laboratory for Functional Materials of Fujian Higher Education,Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，10： | 10 |
| 7 | Low temperature fabrication of high performance and transparent Pt counter electrodes for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells显示文摘High performance Pt counter electrode is prepared by using vacuum thermal decomposition at a relatively low (120℃) temperature on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate coated with indium-doped tin oxide for use in flexible dye-sensitized solar cells.The obtained Pt counter electrode shows a good chemical stability,high light transmittance,and high electrocatalytic activity for the I3-/I-redox reaction.The energy conversion efficiency of a flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on the prepared Pt counter electrode and a TiO 2 /Ti photoanode reaches 5.14% under a simulated solar light irradiation with intensity of 100 mW cm-2. | XIAO YaoMing,WU JiHuai,CHENG CunXi,CHEN Yuan,YUE GenTian,LIN JianMing,HUANG MiaoLiang,FAN LeQing & LAN Zhang Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials,Ministry of Education,Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，18： | 10 |
| 8 | Genetic regulation by non-coding RNAs显示文摘Large scale cDNA sequencing and genome tiling array studies have shown that around 50% of genomic DNA in humans is transcribed, of which 2% is translated into proteins and the remaining 98% is non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). There is mounting evidence that these ncRNAs play critical roles in regulating DNA structure, RNA expression, protein translation and protein functions through multiple genetic mechanisms, and thus affect normal development of organisms at all levels. Today, we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms and functions of these ncRNAs, which is clearly essential knowledge for understanding the secret of life. To promote this emerging research subject of critical importance, in this paper we review (1) ncRNAs' past and present, (2) regulatory mechanisms and their functions, (3) experimental strategies for identifying novel ncRNAs, (4) experimental strategies for investigating their functions, and (5) methodologies and examples of the application of ncRNAs. | QI Liwang, LI Xinmin, ZHANG Shougong & AN Daochang Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China Functional Genomics Facility, Division of Biological Science, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA China National Center for Biotechnology and Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100081, China | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，3： | 10 |
| 9 | Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of secondary dystonia显示文摘Background Dystonia is one of the most challenging movement disorders to treat.Medications and surgeries are the two methods to control dystonic symptoms.For patients with dystonia in whom symptoms are inadequately controlled with pharmacologic measures,the use of deep brain stimulation(DBS) can improve symptoms and enhance functional capacity.The best candidate for DBS is believed to be primary generalized dystonia,especially the DYT-1 type.Here,we report 9 cases of secondary dystonia to explore the feasibility,indications and complications of DBS in the treatment of secondary dystonia.Methods From July 2003 to June 2006,nine patients with secondary dystonia underwent surgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Among them,2 were diagnosed as having tardive dystonia,1 had posttraumatic dystonia,3 had a history of perinatal anoxia,1 had neonatal pathologic jaundice,and 2 had no exact contributory history;MRI showed bilateral lentiform nuclei degeneration in one patient.Six patients underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus(STN)-DBS,two underwent unilateral STN-DBS,the other underwent left STN and right globus pallidus internus(GPi)-DBS.Results With intraoperative microelectrode recording,the targeted nucleus was accurately localized.Tentative stimulation could decrease muscle tension to the same extent,but twisting was not obviously improved.Follow-up for 3 months to 3 years showed satisfactory results in 3 patients with tardive dystonia and posttraumatic dystonia and that Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Scale(BFMS) decreased by more than 90%.The improvement of symptoms was progressive along with time.The other 6 patients had slight to moderate improvement.None of them had severe surgery-related complications.One had lead fracture 16 months after surgery and the lead was then evacuated.Conclusions DBS could be an ideal treatment for patients with tardive and posttraumatic dystonia.For patients with perinatal anoxia and diffuse impairment in the basal ganglia,DBS seemed not to be a good choice.STN could be an ideal target.Intraoperative microelectrode recording and mild amelioration of muscle tension are indicators of correct target location.No severe complications occurred. | ZHANG Jian-guo,ZHANG Kai,WANG Zhong-cheng,GE Ming and MA Yu Department of Neurosurgery,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital University of Medical Sciences Functional Neurosurgical Department,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute,Beijing 100050,China | 2006 | Chinese Medical Journal2006，，24： | 9 |
| 10 | Synthesis of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@polymer nanoparticles for controlled drug release显示文摘Novel multifunctional nanoparticles containing a magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 sphere and a biocompatible block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aspartate)(PEG-b-PAsp) were prepared.The silica coated on the superparamagnetic core was able to achieve a magnetic dispersivity,as well as to protect Fe3O4 against oxidation and acid corrosion.The PAsp block was grafted to the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles by amido bonds,and the PEG block formed the outermost shell.The anticancer agent doxorubicin(DOX) was loaded into the hybrid nanoparticles via an electrostatic interaction between DOX and PAsp.The release rate of DOX could be adjusted by the pH value. | WU ChengLin,HE Huan,GAO HongJun,LIU Gan,MA RuJiang,AN YingLi & SHI LinQi Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials,Ministry of Education Institute of Polymer Chemistry,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，3： | 9 |
| 11 | Electrospinning of ultrafine core/shell fibers for biomedical applications显示文摘Because of the inherent appearance similar to the natural extracellular matrix,ultrafine fibrous membranes prepared via electrospinning exhibit widespread applications,especially in the biomedical area.Extensional modifications of coaxial and emulsion electrospinning have drawn much attention in preparation of core/shell fibers for applications as tissue engineering scaffolds and controlled delivery systems for bioactive substances.Due to incorporation of multi-components in the electrospun core/ shell fibers,the process of coaxial and emulsion electrospinning became more susceptible.The theories have not been fully understood.A series of investigations were carried out evaluating the systematic and processing parameters.This paper reviews advantages and potentials of electrospun core/shell fibers as well as factors influencing their formation on the basis of our research and new progress. | ZHANG Hong,ZHAO ChenGuang,ZHAO YunHui,TANG GongWen & YUAN XiaoYan School of Materials Science and Engineering,and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，6： | 7 |
| 12 | Three classes of smooth Banach submanifolds in B(E,F)显示文摘Let E,F be two Banach spaces,and B(E,F),Φ(E,F),SΦ(E,F) and R(E,F) be the bounded linear,Fredholm,semi-Frdholm and finite rank operators from E into F,respectively.In this paper,using the continuity characteristics of generalized inverses of operators under small perturba- tions,we prove the following result:Let∑be any one of the following sets:{T∈Φ(E,F):IndexT= const,and dim N(T)=const.},{T∈SΦ(E,F):either dim N(T)=const.<∞or codim R(T)=const.<∞} and {T∈R(E,F):RankT=coast.<∞}.Then∑is a smooth submanifold of B(E,F) with the tangent space T_A∑={B∈B(E,F):BN(A)(?)R(A)} for any A∈∑.The result is available for the further application to Thom’s famous results on the transversility and the study of the infinite dimensional geometry. | Ji-pu Ma Tseng Yaun Rong Functional Analysis Research Center,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China | 2007 | Science China Mathematics2007，50，9： | 7 |
| 13 | TEM Study on the Formation Process of TiO_2 Nanotubes显示文摘The process, that the polycrystalline TiO2 powders were converted into TiO2 nanotubes, was observed with transmission electron microscope. The results obtained indicated that in concentrated NaOH aqueous solution, anisotropic swelling appears on the polycrystalline TiO2 granula at first, and then the nanotubes are formed. | Jing Wei ZHANG, Xin Yong GUO, Zhen Sheng JIN*, Shun Li ZHANG, Jing Fang ZHOU, Zhi Jun ZHANG* Lab of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001 | 2003 | Chinese Chemical Letters2003，14，4： | 7 |
| 14 | miRNAs modulate the drug response of tumor cells显示文摘Chemotherapy is one of the major treatments of malignant carcinomas. However,its efficiency is affected by both intrinsic and acquired resistance to anticancer drugs. The cellular mechanisms of drug resistance include the overexpression of energy-dependent transporters that eject anticancer drugs from cells such as p-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance related protein (MRP),the mutation of drug targets,the activation of DNA repair pathways,the defects in cellular death pathways and so on. The genetic and epigenetic changes of these genes can lead to cancer drug resistance. Among these mechanisms,microRNAs (miRNAs) which are critical and essential for many important processes such as development,differentiation,and even carcinogenesis have been reported to regulate the chemosen-sitivity of tumor cells. In this paper we briefly review the relationship between miRNA and cancer drug resistance. | WU XueMei1,3 & XIAO HuaSheng1,2 1 Center of Functional Genomics,Key Laboratory of System Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 2 National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai,Shanghai 201203,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，9： | 6 |
| 15 | Influence of surfactants on the morphology and photocatalytic activity of Bi_2WO_6 by hydrothermal synthesis显示文摘The flower-like microsphere Bi2WO6 with an average diameter of 2.5 μm is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method in the presence of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).The crystalline phase,compositions,morphology,microstructure,surface area and band gap energy of the Bi2WO6 are characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray energy-dispersive spectrum,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and absorption spectra.It is found that surfactant has a significant influence on the microstructure and properties of the samples.The surfactant SDS enhances the surface area and photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6,while the surfactant PVP has an opposite effect.Under Xe lamp irradiation,the Bi2WO6 sample prepared in the presence of SDS can degrade dye Rhodamine B (RhB) effectively. | HUANG Yi,WU JiHuai,HUANG MiaoLiang,LIN JianMing & HUANG YunFang Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials,Ministry of Education Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 6 |
| 16 | Effects of temperature and pressure on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown by pulsed laser deposition显示文摘ZnO thin films were deposited on fused silica via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at substrate temperatures from 300°C to 800°C and ambient oxygen pressures ranging from 10-2 mTorr to 240 mTorr. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra indicated that wurtzite ZnO was obtained in all cases. The highly c-oriented ZnO films were obtained for oxygen pressures above 11 mTorr. The room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra demonstrated that all the films exhibited strong near-band-edge (NBE) emission, while deep-level (DL) emission was also observed in films deposited at oxygen pressures below 80 mTorr. From analysis of the XRD, Raman and photoluminescence PL data, an optimal condition was identified for the deposition of highly crystallized ZnO films. | ZHAO Lei, XU ChangShan, LIU YuXue & LIU YiChun Center for Advanced Opto-Electronic Functional Materials Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，2： | 6 |
| 17 | A highly efficient electric additive for enhancing photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells显示文摘N-cetylpyridinium iodide (N-CPI) as a new electric additive for enhancing photovoltaic performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was studied.It showed high efficiency for enhancing both the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current density of DSSC when the suitable amount of N-CPI as 0.02 M was added in liquid electrolyte.The energy conversion effi- ciency of DSSC increased from 4.429% to 6.535%,with 47.55% enhancement.Therefore,it is a highly efficient electric addi- tive for DSSC.The intrinsic reason is owing to the special molecular structure of N-CPI,which contains two different polarity groups.As a surfactant,N-CPI could form ordered arrangement in liquid electrolyte,which affects the diffusing ability and the redox reaction of I-/I3-,and further affects the photovoltaic performance of DSSC. | LAN Zhang,WU JiHuai,LIN JianMing & HUANG MiaoLiang Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Fujian Higher Education Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，6： | 6 |
| 18 | Research progress in genomics of environmental and industrial microorganisms显示文摘Microbes contribute to geochemical cycles in the ecosystem.They also play important roles in biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated environments,and have great potential in energy conversion and regeneration.Up to date,at least 150 genomes of non-pathogenic microbes have been sequenced,of which,the majority are bacteria from various environments or of industrial uses.The emerging field 'metagenomics' in combination with the high-throughput sequencing technology offers opportunities to discover new functions of microbes in the environment on a large scale,and has become the 'hot spot' in the field of environmental microbiology.Seven genomes of bacteria from various extreme environments,including high temperature,high and low pressure,and extreme acidic regions,have been sequenced by researchers in China,leading to the discovery of metabolic pathways,genetic functions and new enzymes,which are related to the niches those bacteria occupy.These results were published in Nature,PNAS,Genome Research and other top international journals.In the meantime,several groups in China have started 'metagenomics' programs.The outcomes of these researches are expected to generate a considerable number of novel findings,taking Chinese researchers to the frontier of genomics for environmental and industrial microorganisms. | WANG Lei1,2,LIU Bin1,2 & ZHOU ZheMin1,2 1 TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300457,China 2 Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip,Tianjin 300457,China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，1： | 5 |
| 19 | Exchange bias for ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers with the uniaxial anisotropy being misaligned with the exchange anisotropy显示文摘Using the principle of minimal energy and S-W model,the exchange bias for ferromagnetic/antiferro-magnetic bilayers has been investigated when the uniaxial anisotropy is misaligned with the exchange anisotropy. According to the relation between the energy of the bilayer and the orientation of ferro-magnetic magnetization,it is found that the bilayer will be in the monostable state or bistable state when the external field is absent in the initial magnetization state. The monostable state or bistable state of the bilayer,which determines the angular dependence of exchange bias directly,is controlled by the competition between the exchange anisotropy and uniaxial anisotropy. When the applied field is parallel to the intrinsic easy axes and intrinsic hard axes,one of the switching fields of the hysteresis loop shows an abrupt change,while the other keep continuous by analyzing the magnetization reversal processes. Consequently,the exchange bias field and the coercivity will show a jump phenomenon. The numerical calculations indicate that both the magnitude and direction of the exchange anisotropy will significantly affect the angular dependence of exchange bias. The jump phenomenon of exchange bias is an intrinsic property of the bilayer,which is dependent on the interfacial exchange-coupling constant,the orientation of the exchange anisotropy,the thickness and uniaxial anisotropy constant of the ferromagnetic layer. | BAI YuHao1 & YUN GuoHong1,2 1 College of Physical Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China 2 Key Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials,College of Physics and Electronic Information,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，12： | 5 |
| 20 | Advances in Thermionic Cathode of Tungsten and Molybdenum显示文摘Several kinds of tungsten thermonic cathodes have been introduced. As a promising alternative for thoriated tungsten, rare earth doped molybdenum cathode has been studied. Compared with the traditional thoriated tungsten, La- Mo cathode has higher emission current density at lower temperature, but it has poor emission stability. In order to im- prove the emission stability, systematical Study on the emission mechanism of La-Mo cathode has been carried out. The life of La-Mo cathode has been improved and has achieved 1400 h, which exceeds the minimum life for practical uses (1000 h). As another alternative for thoriated tungsten cathode, Y-Mo cathode has shown better performance. The ther- mionic emission capability of Y-Mo cathode is between that of La-Mo cathode and Th-W cathode. | Jinshu Wang,Meiling Zhou, Tieyong Zuo, Juan Liu, Jiuxing Zhang, Zuoren Nie The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Scence and Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100022, China | 2001 | Rare Metals2001，20，3： | 5 |
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