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| 1 | Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites显示文摘It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time. | Liu Zhenguo Zhang Haiguo Lu Zixing Li Diansen | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2007，20，4： | 23 |
| 2 | Mechanism of calcium mitigating membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors显示文摘Two parallel membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated under different calcium dosages (168.5, 27 mg/L) to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results showed that the particle size of sludge flocs increased and the particle size distribution tended to be narrow at the optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L). Calcium was effective in decreasing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) in microbial flocs and soluble microbial products (SMP) in the supernatant at the dosage of 168.5 mg/L by strengthening the neutralization and bridging of EPS with flocs. Furthermore, the amount of CODS and CODC decreased in both the mixed liquor and the fouling cake layer on the membrane surface. In order to compare the filtration characteristics of cake layers from the MBRs with the two calcium dosages, the specific cake resistance and the compressibility coefficient were measured. The specific cake resistance from the MBR with optimum dosage (168.5 mg/L) was distinctly lower than that with low dosage (27 mg/L). The compressibility coefficient of the cake layers under two dosages were respectively attained as 0.65, 0.91. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope analysis (CLSM) images were utilized to observe the gel layer directly. | ZHANG Hanmin, XIA Jie, YANG Yang, WANG Zixing, YANG FenglinKey Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，8： | 15 |
| 3 | ROP11 GTPase is a Negative Regulator of Multiple ABA Responses in Arabidopsis显示文摘The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in plant development and plant responses to environmental stresses. Although ABA receptors and a minimal set of core molecular components have recently been discovered, understanding of the ABA signaling pathway is still far from complete. In this work, we characterized the function of ROP11, a member of the plant-specific ROP small GTPases family, in the ABA signaling process. ROP11 is preferentially expressed in guard cells in all plant organs with stomata. Expression of a constitutively active ROP11 (CA-ROP11) suppresses ABA-mediated responses, whereas reduced expression of ROP11 or expression of its dominant-negative form (DN-ROP11) causes the opposite phenotypes. The affected ABA-mediated responses by ROP11 include seed germination, seedling growth, stomatal closure, induction of ABA-responsive genes, as well as plant response to drought stress. Furthermore, we showed that ROP11 and its closest-related family member, ROP10, act in parallel in mediating these responses. ABA treatment does not affect ROP11 transcription and protein abundance; however, it causes the accumulation of CA-ROP11 in the nucleus. These results demonstrated that ROP11 is a negative regulator of multiple ABA responses in Arabidopsis. | Zixing Li Jun Kang Ning Sui Dong Liu | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，3： | 14 |
| 4 | ROP11 GTPase Negatively Regulates ABA Signaling by Protecting ABI1 Phosphatase Activity from Inhibition by the ABA Receptor RCAR1/PYL9 in Arabidopsis显示文摘The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes in plants, such as seed germina- tion, seedling growth, and abiotic stress tolerance. In recent years, a minimal set of core components of a major ABA signaling pathway has been discovered. These components include a RCAR/PYR/PYL family of ABA receptors, a group of PP2C phosphatases, and three SnRK2 kinases. However, how the interactions between the receptors and their targets are regulated by other proteins remains largely unknown. In a companion paper published in this issue, we showed that ROP11, a member of the plant- specific Rho-like small GTPase family, negatively regulates multiple ABA responses in Arabidopsis. The current work demonstrated that the constitutively active ROP11 (CA-ROP11) can modulate the RCAR1/PYL9-mediated ABA signaling pathway based on reconstitution assays in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. Furthermore, using luciferase complementation imaging, yeast two-hybrid assays, co- immunoprecipitation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated that CA-ROP11 directly interacts with ABI1, a signaling component downstream of RCAR1/PYL9. Finally, we provided biochemical evidence that CA-ROP11 protects ABI1 phosphatase activity from inhibition by RCAR1/PYL9 and thus negatively regulates ABA signaling in plant cells. A model of how ROP11 acts to negatively regulate ABA signaling is presented. | Zixing Li Zheng Li Xiang Gao Viswanathan ChinnusamyI Ray Bressant Zhi-Xin Wang Jian-Kang Zhu Jia-Wei Wu Dong Liu | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Mortality outcomes of low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer in urban China:a decision analysis and implications for practice显示文摘Background: Mortality outcomes in trials of low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening for lung cancer are inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT screening in urban areas of China could reduce lung cancer mortality and to investigate the factors that associate with the screening effect.Methods: A decision tree model with three scenarios(low-dose CT screening, chest X-ray screening, and no screening) was developed to compare screening results in a simulated Chinese urban cohort(100,000 smokers aged45-80 years). Data of participant characteristics were obtained from national registries and epidemiological surveys for estimating lung cancer prevalence. The selection of other tree variables such as sensitivities and specificities of low-dose CT and chest X-ray screening were based on literature research. Differences in lung cancer mortality(primary outcome), false diagnoses, and deaths due to false diagnosis were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the factors that associate with the screening results and to ascertain worst and optimal screening effects considering possible ranges of the variables.Results: Among the 100,000 subjects, there were 448,541, and 591 lung cancer deaths in the low-dose CT, chest X-ray, and no screening scenarios, respectively(17.2% reduction in low-dose CT screening over chest X-ray screening and 24.2% over no screening). The costs of the two screening scenarios were 9387 and 2497 false diagnoses and 7and 2 deaths due to false diagnosis among the 100,000 persons, respectively. The factors that most influenced death reduction with low-dose CT screening over no screening were lung cancer prevalence in the screened cohort, lowdose CT sensitivity, and proportion of early-stage cancers among low-dose CT detected lung cancers. Considering all possibilities, reduction in deaths(relative numbers) with low-dose CT screening in the worst and optimal cases were16(5.4%) and 288(40.2%) over no screening, respectively.Conclusions: In terms of mortality outcomes, our findings favor conducting low-dose CT screening in urban China.However, approaches to reducing false diagnoses and optimizing important screening conditions such as enrollment criteria for screening are highly needed. | Zixing Wang Wei Han Weiwei Zhang Fang Xue Yuyan Wang Yaoda Hu Lei Wang Chunwu Zhou Yao Huang Shijun Zhao Wei Song Xin Sui Ruihong Shi Jingmei Jiang | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，8： | 9 |
| 6 | An adaptive particle filter for soft fault compensation of mobile robots显示文摘Soft fault compensation plays an important role in mobile robot locating, mapping, and navigating. It is difficult to achieve fast and accurate compensation for mobile robots because they are usually highly non-linear, non-Gaussian systems with lim-ited computation and memory resources. An adaptive particle filter is presented to compensate two kinds of soft faults for mobile robots, i.e., noise or factor faults of dead reckoning sensors and slippage of wheels. Firstly, the kinematics models and the fault models are discussed, and five kinds of residual features are extracted to detect soft faults. Secondly, an adaptive particle filter is designed for fault com-pensation, and two kinds of adaptive scheme are discussed: 1) the noise variances of linear speed and yaw rate are adjusted according to residual features; 2) the particle number is adapted according to Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) of two approximate distribution denoted with two particle sets with different particles, i.e., increasing particle number if the KLD is large and decreasing particle number if the KLD is small. The theoretic proof is given and experimental results show the effi-ciency and accuracy of the presented approach. | DUAN ZhuoHua CAI ZiXing YU JinXia | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，12： | 8 |
| 7 | Age-hardening characteristic of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy produced by spray deposition显示文摘Al-10.8Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu alloy was synthesized by spray atomization and deposition technique. GP zones and age-hardening process in the alloy were investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), selected area diffraction (SAD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicated that spray deposition process accelerated the aging kinetics of the alloy at an aging temperature of 120°C, thereby reducing the peak aging time to 16 h. GPI and GPII are the two types of zones that are major precipitates for the alloy under peak-aged condition. The precipitation sequence for the alloy is also discussed. | WANG Feng XIONG Baiqing ZHANG Yongan ZHU Baohong LIU Hongwei ZHANG Zhihui WANG Zixing | 2007 | Rare Metals2007，26，2： | 7 |
| 8 | Improved method for the feature extraction of laser scanner using genetic clustering显示文摘Feature extraction of range images provided by ranging sensor is a key issue of pattern recognition. To automatically extract the environmental feature sensed by a 2D ranging sensor laser scanner, an improved method based on genetic clustering VGA-clustering is presented. By integrating the spatial neighbouring information of range data into fuzzy clustering algorithm, a weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm (WFCA) instead of standard clustering algorithm is introduced to realize feature extraction of laser scanner. Aimed at the unknown clustering number in advance, several validation index functions are used to estimate the validity of different clustering al-gorithms and one validation index is selected as the fitness function of genetic algorithm so as to determine the accurate clustering number automatically. At the same time, an improved genetic algorithm IVGA on the basis of VGA is proposed to solve the local optimum of clustering algorithm, which is implemented by increasing the population diversity and improving the genetic operators of elitist rule to enhance the local search capacity and to quicken the convergence speed. By the comparison with other algorithms, the effectiveness of the algorithm introduced is demonstrated. | Yu Jinxia Cai Zixing Duan Zhuohua | 2008 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2008，19，2： | 6 |
| 9 | Coupling effects of stress and ion irradiation on the mechanical behaviors of copper nanowires显示文摘By using molecular dynamics simulations,we studied the ion irradiation induced damage in mechanically strained Cu nanowires and evaluated the effects of damage on the mechanical properties of nanowires.The stresses in the pre-strained nanowires can be released significantly by the dislocation emission from the cascade core when the strain is greater than 1%.In addition,comparison of the stress-strain relationships between the defect-free nanowire and the irradiated ones indicates that ion irradiation reduces the yield strength of the Cu nanowires,and both the yield stress and strain decrease with the increase of irradiation energy.The results are consistent with the microscopic mechanism of damage production by ion irradiation and provide quantitative information required for accessing the stability of nanomaterials subjected to mechanical loading and irradiation coupling effects. | YANG ZhenYu JIAO FeiFe LU ZiXing WANG ZhiQiao | 2013 | Science China Chemistry2013，56，3： | 6 |
| 10 | An interval effective independence method for optimal sensor placement based on non-probabilistic approach显示文摘This paper presents an interval effective independence method for optimal sensor placement, which contains uncertain structural information. To overcome the lack of insufficient statistic description of uncertain parameters, this paper treats uncertainties as non-probability intervals. Based on the iterative process of classical effective independence method, the proposed study considers the eliminating steps with uncertain cases. Therefore, this method with Fisher information matrix is extended to interval numbers, which could conform to actual engineering. As long as we know the bounds of uncertainties, the interval Fisher information matrix could be obtained conveniently by interval analysis technology. Moreover, due to the definition and calculation of the interval relationship, the possibilities of eliminating candidate sensors in each iterative process and the final layout of sensor placement are both presented in this paper. Finally, two numerical examples, including a five-storey shear structure and a truss structure are proposed respectively in this paper. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, both of them can indicate the veracity of the interval effective independence method. | YANG Chen LU ZiXing | 2017 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2017，60，2： | 5 |
| 11 | 地理信息系统中的河网平面结构模型及其自动建立显示文摘地理信息系统的建立过程中,如何灵活高效地获取各地理背景要素的数据及其后续处理始终是地学工作者要解决的瓶颈问题之一,针对其中的河网要素,本文提出了一种以河流为数据采集基本单元的河网数据结构模型,并讨论了其在计算机中的表示方法及有关算法. | Zixing,A 艾自兴 | 1995 | 四川测绘1995，18，2： | 5 |
| 12 | Analysis and simulation of high strain compression of anisotropic open-cell elastic foams显示文摘By elongating the regular Kelvin model in one direction and keeping unchanged in the other two directions,the anisotropic model was constructed.Then,the simplified periodic structural cell was obtained according to the periodicity and symmetry of the model in the whole space.Using the half-strut element and elastic deflection theory to analyze the mechanical behavior as were adopted in the previous studies,this paper obtained the theoretical expressions for the compressive stress and strain as well as the corresponding curves in the rise and transverse directions.In addition,the theoretical results were examined by the finite element simulation.Results indicated that the theoretical analysis was very close to the finite element simulation when the strain was not too high,which confirmed the validity of theoretical analysis.At the same time,the anisotropy was shown to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of open-cell foams.As the anisotropy ratio increased,the compressive stress was improved in the rise direction but dropped in the transverse direction under the same strain. | LU ZiXing,HUANG JiXiang&CHEN Xin School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100191,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Deep Scalogram Representations for Acoustic Scene Classification显示文摘Spectrogram representations of acoustic scenes have achieved competitive performance for acoustic scene classification. Yet, the spectrogram alone does not take into account a substantial amount of time-frequency information. In this study, we present an approach for exploring the benefits of deep scalogram representations, extracted in segments from an audio stream. The approach presented firstly transforms the segmented acoustic scenes into bump and morse scalograms, as well as spectrograms; secondly, the spectrograms or scalograms are sent into pre-trained convolutional neural networks; thirdly,the features extracted from a subsequent fully connected layer are fed into(bidirectional) gated recurrent neural networks, which are followed by a single highway layer and a softmax layer;finally, predictions from these three systems are fused by a margin sampling value strategy. We then evaluate the proposed approach using the acoustic scene classification data set of 2017 IEEE AASP Challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events(DCASE). On the evaluation set, an accuracy of 64.0 % from bidirectional gated recurrent neural networks is obtained when fusing the spectrogram and the bump scalogram, which is an improvement on the 61.0 % baseline result provided by the DCASE 2017 organisers. This result shows that extracted bump scalograms are capable of improving the classification accuracy,when fusing with a spectrogram-based system. | Zhao Ren Kun Qian Zixing Zhang Vedhas Pandit Alice Baird Bjorn Schuller | 2018 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2018，5，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Predictions of mortality related to four major cancers in China,2020 to 2030显示文摘Background:Cancer has become a global health problem,and assessments of cancer mortality are important for effective public health policy-making and adequate resource allocation.In this study,we aimed to predict the mortality rates and numbers of deaths related to four common cancers(lung,liver,stomach,and esophagus)in China from 2020 to 2030 and to estimate the corresponding cancer burden caused by population aging and tobacco smoking.Methods:Cancer mortality data(2004-2017)were extracted from China’s death surveillance datasets,and China’s population figures(2020-2030)were obtained from the United Nations population projections.Smoking prevalence data were retrieved from a World Health Organization global report,and relative risks of smoking and cancers were derived from large-scale Asian studies.We predicted the deaths related to the four major cancers and age-standardized mortality rates using joinpoint regression and linear regression models.The tobacco smoking related burden of these four major cancers was estimated using the population attributable fraction.Results:Unlike lung cancer mortality which was predicted to continue to increase,the age-standardized mortality rates for digestive cancers(liver,stomach,and esophageal cancers)are predicted to decline over the next decade.The number of deaths caused by the four major cancers is predicted to increase from 1,490,304 in 2020 to 1,823,960 in 2030.The age-specific mortality rates of the four major cancers are predicted to increase with age after 40-45 years,peaking in the age groups of 80-84 and ≥85 years.In 2030,the combined number of deaths from the four examined cancers among adults aged ≥65 years is predicted to be 1,167,153,accounting for 64% of all deaths from these cancers.Tobacco smoking is predicted to contribute to nearly 29% of deaths fromthese cancers,corresponding to 527,577 deaths.Conclusions:The overall trend in the combined total mortality from four major cancers is predicted to decline over the next decade;however,the corresponding death toll is expected to surge,in the context of China’s population aging and high smoking prevalence.These estimates provide data-driven evidence for China to implement effective cancer control measures in the future. | Ning Li Peng Wu Yubing Shen Cuihong Yang Luwen Zhang Yali Chen Zixing Wang Jingmei Jiang | 2021 | Cancer Communications2021，41，5： | 4 |
| 15 | Light-Written Reversible 3D Fluorescence and Topography Dual-Pattern with Memory and Self-Healing Abilities显示文摘To achieve the dynamical dual-pattern with multiplex information of complex topography and 3D fluorescence is challenging yet promising for wide applications ranging from visual bioassays,memory,smart devices to smart display.Here,we develop a convenient,reliable,and versatile method to realize the well-ordered dual-pattern with reversible topography and 3D fluorescence via a light direct-writing approach based on the wrinkle mechanism.By introducing the charge transfer(CT)interaction betweenπ-electron-rich anthracene(AN)andπ-electron-poor naphthalene diimide(NDI)into the polymer system,both modulus and fluorescence of the polymer films can be spatially regulated through the photodimerization of AN,which is controlled in-plane by photomasks,and becomes gradient in the vertical direction due to the filter effect of light.Therefore,the exposed sample displays a well-ordered complex pattern with the same topography as the applied photomask and 3D gradient change of fluorescence from red to green laterally across the layers simultaneously.The spatial cross-linking and CT interaction of the gradient layer can be controlled independently,which not only provides the reliability and reversibility of the topographical and fluorescence dual-pattern but also endows the possibility for tailoring the pattern with memory and selfhealing.These characters of the dual-pattern with reversible topography and 3D fluorescence declare the clear applications in smart multiplex displays,memory,anticounterfeiting,visual detections,and so on. | Jing Bai Luzhi Zhang Honghao Hou Zixing Shi Jie Yin Xuesong Jiang | 2019 | Research2019，，1： | 4 |
| 16 | 中国城市人群低剂量计算机断层扫描筛查肺癌的死亡率结果:决策分析和实践意义显示文摘背景与目的不同低剂量计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)筛查肺癌试验得出的死亡率结果不一致。本研究旨在评价中国城市CT筛查是否能够降低肺癌死亡率,并探讨影响筛查效果的因素。方法建立了3种场景(低剂量CT筛查、胸部X线筛查和无筛查)的决策树模型来比较模拟的中国城市人群(100,000例年龄45–80岁的吸烟者)的筛查结果。从国家登记和流行病学调查中获得了参与者特征数据并估算了肺癌患病比例。根据文献调研选择了低剂量CT和胸部X线筛查的灵敏度和特异度等其他树变量。计算了3种筛查方法间肺癌死亡率(主要结局)、误诊和误诊导致死亡的差异。通过敏感性分析找出了与筛查结果相关的因素,并确定了在变量可能范围内的最差和最优筛查效果。结果 100,000例研究对象中,低剂量CT、胸部X线和无筛查场景分别有448例、541例和591例肺癌死亡(低剂量CT筛查比胸部X线筛查死亡人数减少17.2%,比无筛查减少24.2%)。100,000例研究对象中,2种筛查场景的代价分别为9387例和2497例误诊及7例和2例误诊导致的死亡。低剂量CT筛查比无筛查的死亡数降低,影响最大的因素是筛查人群的肺癌患病比例、低剂量CT的灵敏度和低剂量CT检出肺癌中早期癌的比例。综合了所有可能性,低剂量CT筛查肺癌的死亡人数(相对数)在最坏和最好情况下分别比无筛查降低了16例(5.4%)和288例(40.2%)。结论就死亡率结局而言,我们的研究结果支持在中国城市人群中进行低剂量CT筛查。然而,急需策略来减少误诊和优化纳入标准等重要筛查条件。 | Zixing Wang Wei Han Weiwei Zhang Fang Xue Yuyan Wang Yaoda Hu Lei Wang Chunwu Zhou Yao Huang Shijun Zhao Wei Song Xin Sui Ruihong Shi Jingmei Jiang | 2018 | 癌症2018，37，8： | 3 |
| 17 | A Multirobotic Planning Based on Expert System显示文摘A robotic planning system using the technique of expert system for multirobotic coordi-nated motion with collision-avoidance has been developed.Its general architecture and theroles of its components are introduced in this paper.The task planning diagram of this sys-tem is also briefly explained.A mechanism for multirobotic planning has been proposed.Two examples of traffic control system,i.e.two-robot coordinated pathfinding system withcollision-avoidance have been demonstrated.In order to avoid the collision,some controlstrategies are applied.The results of this planning system are valuable and helpful for plan-ning the multirohotic coordinated motion with collision-avoidance. | Cai Zixing Tang Shaoxian (Department of Automatic Control Engineering,Central South University of Technology,Changsha 410083,P.R.China) | 1995 | High Technology Letters1995，1，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Line field analysis and complex variable method for solving elastic-plastic fields around an anti-plane elliptic hole显示文摘A new approach is proposed to solve the elastic-plastic fields near the major-axis line of an elliptical hole. The complex variable method is used to determine the elastic fields near the major-axis line of the elliptical hole. Then, by using the line field analysis method, the exact and new solutions of the stresses, strains in the plastic zone, the size of the plastic region and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the major-axis line of the elliptical hole are obtained for an anti-plane elliptical hole in a perfectly elastic-plastic solid. The usual small scale yielding assumptions are not adopted in the analysis. The present method is simple, easy and efficient. The influences of applied mechanical loading on the size of plastic zone are discussed. | GUO JunHong LU ZiXing | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，8： | 3 |
| 19 | Self-attention transfer networks for speech emotion recognition显示文摘Background A crucial element of human-machine interaction,the automatic detection of emotional states from human speech has long been regarded as a challenging task for machine learning models.One vital challenge in speech emotion recognition(SER)is learning robust and discriminative representations from speech.Although machine learning methods have been widely applied in SER research,the inadequate amount of available annotated data has become a bottleneck impeding the extended application of such techniques(e.g.,deep neural networks).To address this issue,we present a deep learning method that combines knowledge transfer and self-attention for SER tasks.Herein,we apply the log-Mel spectrogram with deltas and delta-deltas as inputs.Moreover,given that emotions are time dependent,we apply temporal convolutional neural networks to model the variations in emotions.We further introduce an attention transfer mechanism,which is based on a self-attention algorithm to learn long-term dependencies.The self-attention transfer network(SATN)in our proposed approach takes advantage of attention transfer to learn attention from speech recognition,followed by transferring this knowledge into SER.An evaluation built on Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture(IEMOCAP)dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model. | Ziping ZHAO Keru Wang Zhongtian BAO Zixing ZHANG Nicholas CUMMINS Shihuang SUN Haishuai WANG Jianhua TAO Björn WSCHULLER | 2021 | Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware2021，3，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Challenges and research opportunities for lung cancer screening in China显示文摘Following publication of the results of the National Lung Screening Trial in the United States,a randomized controlled trial in Italy(ITALUNG)and two simulation studies in China reported similar findings in 2017 favoring lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography among smokers.With such advances in lung cancer screening,worldwide interest has gradually shifted from evaluating whether refining lung cancer screening protocols is effective in preventing deaths.However,there are several practical problems to be resolved,including the balance of enroll-ment criteria and cost effectiveness,precise measurements to reduce false positive findings,risk-based optimization of screening frequency,challenges associated with cancer heterogeneity,strategies to combine image screening with novel biomarkers,dynamic monitoring of the natural history of cancer,accurate identification and diagnosis of cases among huge populations,and the impact of tobacco control policy and environment protection.As one in three individuals with lung cancer worldwide resides in China,these questions pose great challenges as well as research opportunities for population screening programs in China. | Zixing Wang Yuyan Wang Yao Huang Fang Xue Wei Han Yaoda Hu Lei Wang Wei Song Jingmei Jiang | 2018 | Cancer Communications2018，38，1： | 3 |
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