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| 1 | Discovery of Late Cretaceous foraminifera in the Songliao Basin: Evidence from SK-1 and implications for identifying seawater incursions显示文摘The Songliao Basin is the largest oil-bearing basin in China.In the absence of sufficient evidence,the possibility of seawater incursion(s) into the Songliao Basin remains controversial.Recently,we discovered relatively abundant foraminifera fossils from units 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation of borehole SK-1.Benthic foraminifera (Gavlinella sp.,Anomalinoides sp.,Pullenia sp.,Haplophragmoides sp.,Karrorulina hokkaidoana,Clavulinoides sp.),as well as planktonic foraminifera (Archaeoglobigerina blowi,Archaeoglobigerina cretacea and Hedbergella flandrini),were identified.These fossils were widely distributed in the marine Cretaceous.According to the global distribution of the above-mentioned planktonic foraminifera,the age of these fossil bearing strata appears to be Late Coniacian to Santonian.More importantly,these foraminifera provide direct evidence for marine water incursions into the Songliao Basin during deposition of the Lower Nenjiang Formation. | XI DangPeng WAN XiaoQiao FENG ZhiQiang LI Shun FENG ZiHui JIA JianZhong JING Xia SI WeiMin | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，3： | 21 |
| 2 | Formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs in eastern China:A case study from Xushen gasfield in Songliao Basin显示文摘A large number of in-situ volcanic reservoirs have been discovered from the Meso-Cenozoic rift basin group in eastern China.Based on drilling results in combination with geological and geophysical analysis,a case study from the Early Cretaceous Xujiaweizi fault-depression shows that the formation mechanism of in-situ volcanic reservoirs is characterized by'fault-controlled body,body-controlled facies,facies-controlled reservoir,and reservoir-controlled accumulation'.In other words,deep faults control the volcanic eruption type,volcanic body,and gas reservoir distribution;the volcanic body determines the spatial distribution of volcanic facies and volcanic gas reservoir size;the volcanic facies control reservoir physical properties and effective thickness of gas formation;the volcanic reservoir properties control gas reservoir type and gas productivity.The result is useful to guiding the discovery of in-situ volcanic gas reservoirs in faulted basins in both theory and practice. | FENG ZiHui YIN ChangHai LIU JiaJun ZHU YingKang LU JiaMin LI JiangHai | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，12： | 12 |
| 3 | Microfossils and molecular records in oil shales of the Songliao Basin and implications for paleo-depositional environment显示文摘Several oil shale beds, over 10 m thick, occur at the base of the first member of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao Basin. They act both as excellent source rocks for conventional oil and as potential oil deposit for shale oil production. Here we combine micropaleon-tology with organic geochemistry to investigate the paleo-depositional environment and organic source characteristics of the oil shales and black shales. Our results indicate that algal remains are dominant microfossils in K2qn1 oil shales, and their relatively high abundance suggests a major algal thriving event during the oil shale deposition. The presence of fresh water and brackish water species, Sentusidinium, Vesperopsis and Nyktericysta, and marine or brackish water deltaic and lagoonal species such as Kiokansium and Dinogymniopsis demonstrate that this paleo-continental lake was influenced by marine transgressions at the time of K2qn1 oil shale formation. The extremely low pristine/phytane ratios, relatively high abundance of gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes, and low δ 13C values of C14-C37 n-alkanes in the oil shale organic extracts indicate the deposition of oil shales in anoxic and highly stratified water columns and the significant contribution of lacustrine algae to sedimentary organic matter. High molecular-weight paraffinic hydrocarbons with unusually high abundance of nC43, nC45, and nC47 may be related to special algal species associated with marine transgression events. The giant water body of Songliao paleo-lake and the change in the organic and chemical environment (such as nutrition source and water column salinity) associated with seawater transgression into the lake are among the most important reasons for oil shales in the Songliao Basin being different from mudstone and oil shale in other rifted basins. | FENG ZiHui FANG Wei WANG Xue HUANG ChunYan HUO QiuLi ZHANG JuHe HUANG QingHua ZHANG Lei | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，10： | 12 |
| 4 | A New Enantiornitine Bird with Four Long Rectrices from the Early Cretaceous of Northern Hebei,China显示文摘Paraprotopteryx gracilis,从在 Fengning 的早白垩纪 Yixian 形成的一只新 enantiornithine 鸟,北 Hebei 省被树立,基于下列人物:有长 hypocleidum 和大部分的塑造 Y 的叉突狭窄内部胸骨的锁骨的角度,和形态学与另外的 enantiornithines 不同。另外,忍受最大的用手的爪的翼膜的位远侧地延长到专业的远侧的目的掌部;未成年者掌部比专业苗条掌部。仅仅近似地熔化的 Carpometacarpus;部分熔化到对方的距骨和 calcaneum 但是 unfused 到胫骨。这是在有四长消遣瞬间的中生代鸟的第一个记录,它可以词法上代表一个第二等的性人物,从伸长的规模的一个中间的阶段到分叉在补充上升表面补偿不熟练的飞行羽饰,并且拥有功能的优点。 | ZHENG Xiaoting ZHANG Zihui HOU Lianhai | 2007 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2007，81，5： | 12 |
| 5 | CO_2 gas emplacement age in the Songliao Basin: Insight from volcanic quartz ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar stepwise crushing显示文摘Due to a lack of suitable minerals, the gas/oil emplacement ages have never been accurately obtained before. CH4-CO2-saline- bearing secondary inclusions are found in quartz from the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation, the container rocks of the deep CO2 gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin. The inclusion fluid was trapped into microcracks in quartz during the gas em- placement and accumulation, providing an optimal target for the 40Ar-39Ar stepwise crushing technique to determine the CO2 gas emplacement age. 40Ar-39Ar dating results of a quartz sample by stepwise crushing yield a highly linear-regression isochron with an age of 78.4±1.3 Ma, indicating that the accumulation of the deep CO2 gas reservoir in the Songliao Basin occurred in the late Cretaceous. This is the first time to report an exact isotopic age for a CO2 gas reservoir, which indicates that the 40Ar-39Ar dating can serve as a new technique to date the oil/gas emplacement ages. | YUN JianBing WU HeYong FENG ZiHui MEI LianFu QIU HuaNing | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，17： | 11 |
| 6 | Distribution and significance of C~_(40) alkanes in the extracts of Cretaceous source rocks from the Songliao Basin显示文摘Source rock extracts and crude oils from the Songliao Basin were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HTGC-MS) and gas chromatography-isotope ratio-mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), for high molecular-weight alkanes. The distributions of n-alkanes in the Nenjiang Formation extracts are in the C14―C63 range; a bimodal distribution occurs in the C-21 and C21―40 regions. The C30―C37 n-alkanes are accompanied by C29―C35 hopanes, whereas the high molecular-weight C45―C47 n-alkanes co-occur with abundant isoalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylcyclopentanes. The high δ 13C values of the n-alkanes and the microscopic maceral compositions indicate a highly diversified organic source input for the Nenjiang Formation source rocks, ranging from aquatic plants, blue alge-bacteria, to land plant material. In contrast, n-alkanes in the rock extracts of the Qingshankou Formation are characterized by a single modal distribution, with relatively low abundances of C29―C35 hopanes, but high molecular-weight isoalkanes, alkylcyclohexanes and alkylcyclopentanes. The relatively low δ 13C values of C22―C44 n-alkanes and organic material compositions indicate that the source rocks in the Qingshankou Formation contain dominantly type I algal organic matter. The relative abundance of C+40 compounds in source rocks changes little at low maturity stage, but decreases drastically at higher maturity levels, with a concurrent reduction in the odd/even carbon predominance. In crude oils, in contrast, the relative abundance of C+40 compounds appears to relate closely with the oil source and oil viscosity. | FENG ZiHui FANG Wei ZHANG JuHe LI ZhenGuang HUANG ChunYan WANG Xue ZHAO QinLing HUO QiuLi | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，10： | 10 |
| 7 | Characteristics of the lower layer of sandstorms in the Minqin desert-oasis zone显示文摘By measuring the sand-dust flux,vertical deposition,and the wind velocity throughout 19 sandstorms in the Minqin region,we quantitatively analyzed the horizontal distribution and vertical variation in sandstorm characteristics under different land cover conditions.The effect of different land cover on mitigating sandstorms was also investigated.The results indicated that,in the surface layer ranging from 0-50 m,the intensity of sand-dust horizontal flux and concentration of sand-dust decreased with the increase of the height in the desert and the edge of oasis,whereas the two physical quantities increased slightly with the increase of the height in the oasis.The two physical quantities obey power function well under all three cover conditions.Moreover,in the desert and at the edge of oasis,the sand-dust vertical deposition decreased with the increase of the height.But a partial unimodal distribution at the oasis site and the maximum deposition occurred at the height of 9 m,which corresponds to the middle height of farmland protection forest.The annual flux that passed through a section of 1 m in width and 50 m in height was 9169 kg in the desert,5318 kg at the edge of oasis,and 2345 kg in the oasis.And the annual fluxes at the edge of oasis and in the oasis are 42% and 74% less,respectively,than that in the desert.This implies that the wind break forest significantly reduced the intensity of sandstorms. | ZHAO Ming ZHAN KeJie YANG ZiHui FANG ErTian QIU GuoYu WANG QiangQiang ZHANG YinChang GUO ShuJiang LI AiDe ZHANG JingChun | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，5： | 8 |
| 8 | Discovery of “Enveloping Surface of Oil and Gas Overpressure Migration” in the Songliao Basin and its bearings on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms显示文摘The Fuyang oil layer of the Songliao Basin is a tight and low-permeability sandstone pay zone formed in the fluvial-shallow water delta environment.In the formation are mainly lithologic reservoir and tight reservoir.The lacustrine-mudstone of K2qn1 is a good source rock and also acts as a good regional cap rock.The Fuyang oil layer is a typical upper-source and lower-reservoir pattern distributed in a large area.Based on a large number of exploration and development data, a macroscopic enveloping surface is found developed in the Fuyang oil layer, which is below K2qn1.The effective reservoirs within the enveloping surface are commonly saturated with oil, and below the enveloping surface are mainly water layers.The distance from the enveloping surface to the bottom of the source rock is usually 100-350 m and at most 550 m.Through the research of the distribution patterns and the physical properties of the sandbodies above or beneath the source rock, it is concluded that: 1) the enveloping surface is the boundary of the overpressure hydrocarbon migration; 2) the spacial distribution of the pressure release beds controls the direction and the distance of the overpressure hydrocarbon migration; 3) tight oil reservoirs and lenticular oil reservoirs are mainly formed inside the envelope surface, whereas, conventional reservoirs are formed outside the envelope surface as a result of the buoyancy hydrocarbon migration.The discovery of the 'overpressure hydrocarbon migration enveloping surface' and the concepts of overpressure hydrocarbon migration and buoyancy hydrocarbon migration not only challenge the old notion that 'hydrocarbon migrates along the faults and is distributed along fault belts' in the Fuyang oil layer of the Songliao Basin, give a new explanation to the long-distance-oil-downwards migration (hundreds of meters) and expand the exploration potential of the Fuyang oil layer, and provide a rational guidance to the exploration of syncline plays, but also better categorize tight oil/gas and conventional reservoirs in all of the key elements related to hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, reservoir characteristics and oil and gas spatial distribution. | FENG ZhiQiang ZHANG Shun FENG ZiHui | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，12： | 6 |
| 9 | The chromosome-level Hemerocallis citrina Borani genome provides new insights into the rutin biosynthesis and the lack of colchicine显示文摘Hemerocallis citrina Borani(huang hua cai in Chinese)is an important horticultural crop whose flower buds are widely consumed as a delicious vegetable in Asia.Here we assembled a high-quality reference genome of H.citrina using single-molecule sequencing and Hi-C technologies.The genome assembly was 3.77 Gb and consisted of 3183 contigs with a contig N50 of 2.09 Mb,which were further clustered into 11 pseudochromosomes.A larger portion(3.25 Gb or 86.20%)was annotated as a repetitive content and 54,295 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genome.Genome evolution analysis showed that H.citrina experienced a recent whole-genome duplication(WGD)event at~15.73 million years ago(Mya),which was the main factor leading to many multiple copies of orthologous genes.We used this reference genome to predict 20 genes involved in the rutin biosynthesis pathway.Moreover,our metabolomics data revealed neither colchicine nor its precursors in H.citrina,challenging the long-standing belief that this alkaloid causes poisoning by the plant.The results of our disruptive research are further substantiated by our genomic finding that H.citrina does not contain any genes involved in colchicine biosynthesis.The high-quality genome lays a solid foundation for genetic research and molecular breeding of H.citrina. | Zhixing Qing Jinghong Liu Xinxin Yi Xiubin Liu Guoan Hu Jia Lao Wei He Zihui Yang Xiaoyan Zou Mengshan Sun Peng Huang Jianguo Zeng | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 6 |
| 10 | Depositional environment of terrestrial petroleum source rocks and geochemical indicators in the Songliao Basin显示文摘To determine geochemical indicators for depositional environment favored by terrestrial petroleum source rocks, we selected 40 source rock samples from the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) and the first member of Nenjiang Formation (K2n1) in the Songliao Basin to qualify saturate fraction and aromatic fraction using GC-HRT (gas chromatography high reso lution time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and quantify important biomarkers using GC-MS. The results reveal that source rocks from the 1st member of Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) are characterized by not only high contents of terpanes, regular ster anes and 4-methylsteranes but also high contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isoprenoids. Presence of specific bi omarkers like elementary sulfur and lanostanes indicates a depositional environment of lagoon characterized by water stratifi cation and high salinity. In the 2nd-3rd members of Qingshankou Formation (K2qn2+3), source rocks contain lower contents of biomarkers, indicating a depositional environment of shallow fresh-water lake delta. Source rocks in the K2n1 contain high contents of terpanes, regular steranes and 4-methylsteranes but lower contents of dinosteranes, C31 steranes and aryl isopre noids, indicating a depositional environment of fresh-brackish open lake characterized by low salinity and poor water stratifi cation, where organic matter is seriously altered by bacteria. Overall analysis shows that primary geochemical indicators for terrestrial petroleum source rocks are as follows: 1) C30 hopanes > 1500 ppm; 2) gammacerane >190 ppm; 3) C27 steranes >200 ppm; 4) 4-methylsteranes >100 ppm; 5) aryl isoprenoids > 3 ppm; 6) dehydroxyl-vitamin E >10 ppm. | FENG ZiHui FANG Wei LI ZhenGuang WANG Xue HUO QiuLi HUANG ChunYan ZHANG JuHe ZENG HuaSen | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，9： | 6 |
| 11 | Effects of Planting Density on Growth of New Clones in Populus tomentosa显示文摘Effects of seven planting densities on the growth and tree form of nine 5-year-old new clones in Populus tomentosa were studied. The plantations, arranged with completely random block design, were located in Wuzhi County, Henan Province. Results indicated that effects of planting density on the diameter at breast height (DBH), individual volume and growing stock increment of all new clones in P. tomentosa were significant at the 1% level of probability, effects of planting density on the tree height increment of new clones B2 and B31 and on the live branches height (LBH) increment of new clones B5 and B30 were significant at the 5% level of probability, while the interaction between planting density and clone was not significant at the 5% level of probability. It was concluded that the degree of differences among new clones within the same planting density was different with different planting densities and traits. For short rotation industrial timber, clones B1, B3, B4, B5, B7, B9, B31 were suitable with the density of 1 0002 500 trees per hectare, while for bigger diameter timber, clones B1, B3, B4, B7, B9, B31 could be used with the planting density of 660833 trees per hectare. Clonal repeatability was also different in different planting densities. | Zhang Zihui Zhang Zhiyi Lin Shanzhi Li Xinguo | 2003 | Forestry Studies in China2003，5，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Design and experiment of an air-suction potato seed metering device显示文摘An air-suction potato seed metering device was designed to improve the performance of the large-size seed crops planting equipment and provide a solution for problems on the mechanical potato seeder,such as high multiple-seeding index,high missing-seeding index,low qualified index,and limited versatility.The main structure and operation parameters in terms of rotating speed of the device,seeds height and pickup vacuum pressure were determined by theoretical analysis.Two orthogonal tests,conventional tuber(the triaxial average diameter is about 38-57 mm)test and mini-tuber(the triaxial average diameter is about 12-36 mm)test,were conducted to analyze the influences of these factors on the quality of seeding.The multiple-seeding index,missing-seeding index and qualified index were chosen for evaluating the working performance.The results of conventional tuber test showed that,the multiple-seeding index was 1.1%,the missing-seeding index was 0.8%and the qualified index was 98.1%under conditions of the 30 r/min rotating speed,25 cm seeds height and 10 kPa pickup vacuum pressure.The results of mini-tuber test showed that the multiple-seeding index was 0.5%,the missing-seeding index was 0.6%and the qualified index was 98.9%under conditions of 35 r/min rotating speed,17 cm seeds height and 3.5 kPa pickup vacuum.The working performances of the device can meet the requirements of precision seeding. | LüJinqing Yang Ying Li Zihui Shang Qinqin Li Jicheng Liu Zhongyuan | 2016 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2016，9，5： | 5 |
| 13 | MR-IDPSO: A Novel Algorithm for Large-Scale Dynamic Service Composition显示文摘In the era of big data, data intensive applications have posed new challenges to the field of service composition. How to select the optimal composited service from thousands of functionally equivalent services but different Quality of Service(Qo S) attributes has become a hot research in service computing. As a consequence,in this paper, we propose a novel algorithm MR-IDPSO(Map Reduce based on Improved Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization), which makes use of the improved discrete Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) with the Map Reduce to solve large-scale dynamic service composition. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms the parallel genetic algorithm in terms of solution quality and is efficient for large-scale dynamic service composition. In addition,the experimental results also demonstrate that the performance of MR-IDPSO becomes more better with increasing number of candidate services. | Yanping Zhang Zihui Jing Yiwen Zhang | 2015 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2015，20，6： | 5 |
| 14 | Effects of sand-fixing and windbreak forests on wind flow:a synthesis of results from field experiments and numerical simulations显示文摘Sand-fixing and windbreak forests are widely used to protect or/and improve the ecological environments in arid and semi-arid regions. A full understanding of wind flow characteristics is essential to arranging the patterns of these protective forests for enhancing the effectiveness. In this study, the wind velocity over the underlying surface with sand-fixing forests and windbreak forests at the heights of 1–49 m was monitored from two 50-m high observation towers in an oasis of Minqin, Gansu Province of China. The wind velocities were simulated at different locations over these protective forests between those two towers by a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) model. The results showed that at the heights of 1–49 m, the wind velocity profiles followed a classical logarithm law at the edge of the oasis and a multilayer structure inside the oasis. With increasing number of sand-fixing forest and windbreak forest arrays, the wind velocity at the heights of 1–49 m generally decreased along the downstream direction of the prevailing wind. Specifically, below the height of windbreak forests, the wind velocity decelerates as the airflow approaches to the windbreak forests and then accelerates as the airflow passes over the windbreak forests. In contrast, above the height of windbreak forests, the wind velocity accelerates as the airflow approaches to the windbreak forests and then generally decelerates as the airflow passes over the windbreak forests. Both the array number and array spacing of sand-fixing and windbreak forests could influence the wind velocity. The wind protection effects of sand-fixing forests were closely related to the array spacing of windbreak forests and increased with the addition of sand-fixing forests when the array of the forests was adequately spaced. However, if the array spacing of windbreak forests was smaller than seven times of the heights of windbreak forests, the effects were reduced or completely masked by the effects of windbreak forests. The results could offer theoretical guidelines on how to systematically arrange the patterns of sand-fixing and windbreak forests for preventing wind erosion in the most convenient and the cheapest ways. | ZHAN Kejie LIU Shizeng YANG Zihui FANG Etian ZHOU Lanping HUANG Ning | 2017 | Journal of Arid Land2017，9，1： | 4 |
| 15 | Prognostic significance of combining high mobility group Box-1 and OV-6 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The inflammatory environment and existence of cancer stem cells are critical for progression and intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) after curative resections. Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of combining high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) expression and hepatic progenitor marker OV6 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of HMGB1 and OV6 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry profiling in tissue microarrays containing samples from 208 HCC patients. Invasive clinical or pathological factors were found in patients with high expression of HMGB1 or OV6. Higher HMGB1 was associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and independently related to elevated 5-year recurrence incidence(85.5% vs. 62.4%, P<0.001). We also found that more OV6 positive staining was correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients(P<0.001). Notably, expression of HMGB1 was positively correlated with OV6 in density(R2=0.032, P<0.001) and reversely related to HCC outcomes. Abnormal expression of HMGB1 in combination with positive staining of OV6 displayed poorer prognostic performance than single biomarker alone(area under curve(AUC) survival=0.696). Therefore, HMGB1 and OV6 positive staining are promising prognostic parameters for HCC, and we propose that HMGB1 and OV6 may cooperate with each other and predict poor prognosis of HCC. | Jihui Zhu Han Yu Shuzhen Chen Pinghua Yang Zihui Dong Yan Ling Hao Tang Shilei Bai Wen Yang Liang Tang Feng Shen Hongyang Wang Wen Wen | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，8： | 4 |
| 16 | Pore Structure Characterization and Classification of in-Source Tight Oil Reservoirs in Northern Songliao Basin显示文摘There is no clear consensus on the definition of tight oil in literature;however,more and more researchers accept that tight reservoirs refer to those with permeability less than 1.0 mD or 0.1 mD in the subsurface condition(Jia et al.,2012;Zhao et al.,2012;Zhao,2012;Zou et al.,2014).The Cretaceous Qingshankou formation in the Songliao Basin is rich in tight oil,in which Gaotaizi oil | FENG Zihui SHAO Hongmei WANG Cheng LU Xi | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，A01： | 4 |
| 17 | Genetic Analysis and Mapping of the Purple Gene in Purple Heading Chinese Cabbage显示文摘To analyze genetic linkage and map purple gene(Br Pur) controlling purple inner leaves trait of Chinese cabbage, a F2 population was constructed by selfing a F1 plant from homozygous purple heading line ‘14S839' and homozygous orange heading line ‘14S162'. The phenotype investigation of head color showed that the segregation ratio of purple to non-purple individuals was consistent with the expected ratio of 3:1,which indicated that purple inner leaves trait is controlled by a single dominant gene. A total of 297 SSRs in whole genome of Chinese cabbage were tested by modified Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA) method. Two linked markers flanking Br Pur, A710 and A714, were obtained and Br Pur was mapped on linkage group A07 based on the sequence of these two markers. Subsequently, two new markers flanking Br Pur, CL-12 and B214-87, were developed based on two known anthocyanins-related genes, Br4CL3 and Bra004214. Genetic mapping of all markers in the F2 mapping population showed CL-12 and B214-87 linked to Br Pur with the genetic distance of 3.1 c M and 3.5 c M, respectively. | WU Junqing ZHAO Jing QIN Meiling REN Yanjing ZHANG Huamin DAI Zihui HAO Lingyu ZHANG Lugang | 2016 | Horticultural Plant Journal2016，2，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Fatigue behaviour of coke drum materials under thermal-mechanical cyclic loading显示文摘Coke drums are vertical pressure vessels used in the delayed coking process in petroleum refineries. Significant temperature variation during the delayed coking process causes damage in coke drums in the form of bulging and cracking. There were some studies on the fatigue life estimation for the coke drums, but most of them were based on strain-fatigue life curves at constant temperatures, which do not consider simultaneous cyclic temperature and mechanical loading conditions. In this study, a fatigue testing system is successfully developed to allow performing thermal-mechanical fatigue(TMF) test similar to the coke drum loading condition. Two commonly used base and one clad materials of coke drums are then experimentally investigated. In addition, a comparative study between isothermal and TMF lives of these materials is conducted. The experimental findings lead to better understanding of the damage mechanisms occurring in coke drums and more accurate prediction of fatigue life of coke drum materials. | Jie Chen Zihui Xia | 2014 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2014，4，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin显示文摘According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2000,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression layer.The geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the depth.The thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal gradient.The main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of radioelements.The high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas. | ZHOU QingHua 1,2 ,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 2 Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,China 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163732,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 3 |
| 20 | Fast neutron radiation inactivation of Bacillus subtilis:Absorbed dose determination显示文摘In this paper,fast neutron inactivation effects of Bacillus subtilis were investigated with fission fast neutrons from CFBR-Ⅱreactor of INPC(Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry)and mono-energetic neutrons from the Van de Graaff accelerator at Peking University.The method for determining the absorbed dose in the Bacillus subtilis suspension contained in test tubes is introduced.The absorbed dose,on account of its dependence on the volume and the form of confined state,was determined by combined experiments and Monte Carlo method.Using the calculation results of absorbed dose,the fast neutron inactivation effects on Bacillus subtilis were studied.The survival rates and absorbed dose curve was constructed. | SONG Lingli ZHENG Chun AI Zihui LI Junjie DAI Shaofeng | 2011 | Nuclear Science and Techniques2011，22，3： | 3 |
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