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1Additive manufacturing of metals:Microstructure evolution and multistage control显示文摘As a revolutionary industrial technology,additive manufacturing creates objects by adding materials layer by layer and hence can fabricate customized components with an unprecedented degree of freedom.For metallic materials,unique hierarchical microstructures are constructed during additive manufacturing,which endow them with numerous excellent properties.To take full advantage of additive manufacturing,an in-depth understanding of the microstructure evolution mechanism is required.To this end,this review explores the fundamental procedures of additive manufacturing,that is,the formation and binding of melt pools.A comprehensive processing map is proposed that integrates melt pool energy-and geometry-related process parameters together.Based on it,additively manufactured microstructures are developed during and after the solidification of constituent melt pool.The solidification structures are composed of primary columnar grains and fine secondary phases that form along the grain boundaries.The post-solidification structures include submicron scale dislocation cells stemming from internal residual stress and nanoscale precipitates induced by intrinsic heat treatment during cyclic heating of adjacent melt pool.Based on solidification and dislocation theories,the formation mechanisms of the multistage microstructures are thoroughly analyzed,and accordingly,multistage control methods are proposed.In addition,the underlying atomic scale structural features are briefly discussed.Furthermore,microstructure design for additive manufacturing through adjustment of process parameters and alloy composition is addressed to fulfill the great potential of the technique.This review not only builds a solid microstructural framework for metallic materials produced by additive manufacturing but also provides a promising guideline to adjust their mechanical properties.Zhiyuan Liu Dandan Zhao Pei Wang Ming Yan Can Yang Zhangwei Chen Jian Lu Zhaoping Lu 2022Journal of Materials Science & Technology2022,,5:27
2Spatio-temporal changes of NDVI and its relation with climatic variables in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers显示文摘Yangtze 和黄河的来源区域是中国的重要的水保存区域。在最近的年里,全球气候变化和无理的资源开发引起的来源区域的生态的恶化趋势逐渐地增加了。在这份报纸,空间分发和在 Yangtze 和黄河的来源区域的植被盖子的动态变化被分析在最近 10 年基于 1-km 分辨率从 1998 ~ 2007 的多时间的 SPOTVGT-DN 数据。同时,在空气温度,降水,浅地面温度和 NDVI 之间的关联关系,哪个是 3??YANG Zhaoping GAO Jixi ZHOU Caiping SHI Peili ZHAO Lin SHEN Wenshou OUYANG Hua 2011Journal of Geographical Sciences2011,21,6:24
3Microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoNiCr high-entropy alloy strengthened by nano-Y_2O_3 dispersion显示文摘In this manuscript, the FeCrCoNi high entropy alloy strengthened by nano-Y_2 O_3 particles was synthesized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Effects of Y_2 O_3 additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS) high-entropy alloy bearing 5 wt% Y_2 O_3 was found to have a finer grain with respect to the single-phase face-centered cubic(FCC) alloy without oxides. Consequently, the yield strength increased from 654 to1754 MPa, and the fracture strength reached up to 2325 MPa while the plasticity decreased appreciably for the ODS high-entropy alloy. The synergic effects of grain size hardening and particle strengthening on mechanical properties of the ODS HEA were discussed. This finding indicates that the addition of nano-scaled oxides is an effective and feasible approach to designing HEAs with superior mechanical properties.jia bei liu xiongjun wang hui wu yuan lu zhaoping 2018Science China(Technological Sciences)2018,61,2:12
4Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China显示文摘The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.LIU Xuling YANG Zhaoping DI Feng CHEN Xuegang 2009Chinese Geographical Science2009,19,3:12
5Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China显示文摘Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.DI Feng YANG Zhaoping LIU Xuling WU Jingrui MA Zhongguo 2010Chinese Geographical Science2010,20,1:11
6Artificial intelligence in drug design显示文摘Thanks to the fast improvement of the computing power and the rapid development of the computational chemistry and biology,the computer-aided drug design techniques have been successfully applied in almost every stage of the drug discovery and development pipeline to speed up the process of research and reduce the cost and risk related to preclinical and clinical trials.Owing to the development of machine learning theory and the accumulation of pharmacological data, the artificial intelligence(AI) technology, as a powerful data mining tool, has cut a figure in various fields of the drug design, such as virtual screening,activity scoring, quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) analysis, de novo drug design, and in silico evaluation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity(ADME/T) properties. Although it is still challenging to provide a physical explanation of the AI-based models, it indeed has been acting as a great power to help manipulating the drug discovery through the versatile frameworks. Recently, due to the strong generalization ability and powerful feature extraction capability,deep learning methods have been employed in predicting the molecular properties as well as generating the desired molecules,which will further promote the application of AI technologies in the field of drug design.Feisheng Zhong Jing Xing Xutong Li Xiaohong Liu Zunyun Fu Zhaoping Xiong Dong Lu Xiaolong Wu Jihui Zhao Xiaoqin Tan Fei Li Xiaomin Luo Zhaojun Li Kaixian Chen Mingyue Zheng Hualiang Jiang 2018Science China(Life Sciences)2018,61,10:10
7A Novel Pneumatic Soft Gripper with a Jointed Endoskeleton Structure显示文摘In current research on soft grippers,pneumatically actuated soft grippers are generally fabricated using fully soft materials,which have the advantage of flexibility as well as the disadvantages of a small gripping force and slow response speed.To improve these characteristics,a novel pneumatic soft gripper with a jointed endoskeleton structure(E-Gripper)is developed,in which the muscle actuating function has been separated from the force bearing function.The soft action of an E-Gripper finger is performed by some air chambers surrounded by multilayer rubber embedded in the restraining fiber.The gripping force is borne and transferred by the rigid endoskeleton within the E-Gripper finger Thus,the gripping force and action response speed can be increased while the flexibility is maintained.Through experiments,the bending angle of each finger segment,response time,and gripping force of the E-Gripper have been measured,which provides a basis for designing and controlling the soft gripper The test results have shown that the maximum gripping force of the E-Gripper can be 35 N,which is three times greater than that of a fully soft gripper(FS-Gripper)of the same size.At the maximum charging pressure of 150 kPa,the response time is1.123 s faster than that of the FS-Gripper.The research results indicate that the flexibility of a pneumatic soft gripper is not only maintained in the case of the E-Gripper,but its gripping force is also obviously increased,and the response time is reduced.The E-Gripper thus shows great potential for future development and applications.Zhaoping Wu Xiaoning Li Zhonghua Guo 2019Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2019,32,5:9
8Dynamic deformation behavior of a face-centered cubic FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy显示文摘In this study, mechanical tests were conducted on a face-centered cubic Fe Co Ni Cr Mn high-entropy alloy,both in tension and compression, in a wide range of strain rates(10^(-4)–10~4 s^(-1)) to systematically investigate its dynamic response and underlying deformation mechanism. Materials with different grain sizes were tested to understand the effect of grain size, thus grain boundary volume, on the mechanical properties. Microstructures of various samples both before and after deformation were examined using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The dislocation structure as well as deformation-induced twins were analyzed and correlated with the measured mechanical properties.Plastic stability during tension of the current high-entropy alloy(HEA), in particular, at dynamic strain rates, was discussed in lights of strain-rate sensitivity and work hardening rate. It was found that, under dynamic conditions, the strength and uniform ductility increased simultaneously as a result of the massive formation of deformation twins. Specifically, an ultimate tensile strength of 734 MPa and uniform elongation of $63% are obtained at 2.3 × 10~3 s^(-1), indicating that the alloy has great potential for energy absorption upon impact loading.Junyang He Qi wang Husheng Zhang Lanhong Dai Toshiji Mukai Yuan Wu Xiongjun Liu Hui Wang Tai-Gang Nieh Zhaoping Lu 2018Science Bulletin2018,63,6:9
9Improving plasticity of the Zr46Cu46Al8 bulk metallic glass via thermal rejuvenation显示文摘In this paper,effects of cryogenic thermal cycling on deformation behavior and thermal stability of the Zr_(46)Cu_(46)Al_8bulk metallic glass(BMG)were studied.The results show that with the increase of the number of cryogenic thermal cycles(CTC),thermal stability remains almost unchanged,while the plasticity is increased,indicating that the cryogenic thermal cyclic treatment is an effective way to improve plasticity of metallic glasses without distinctly deteriorating thermal stability.Our analysis suggests that the increase in the defect density resulted from the cryogenic thermal treatments are responsible for the plasticity increment.Variation of yield strength can be well interpreted from microstructural percolation which affected by both density and characteristic volume of the defect sites.Wenli Song Xiaohe Meng Yuan Wu Di Cao Hui Wang Xiongjun Liu Xianzhen Wang Zhaoping Lu 2018Science Bulletin2018,63,13:9
10Short-range ordering and its effects on mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys显示文摘In this letter,we briefly summarize experimental and theoretical findings of fo rmation and characterization of short-range orderings(SROs)as well as their effects on the defo rmation behavior of high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We show that existence of SROs is a common yet key structural feature of HEAs,and tuning the degree of SROs is an effective way for optimizing mechanical properties of HEAs.In additional,the challenges concerning about formation mechanism and characterization of SROs in HEAs are discussed,and future research activities in this regard are also proposed.Yuan Wu Fei Zhang Xiaoyuan Yuan Hailong Huang Xiaocan Wen Yihan Wang Mengyuan Zhang Honghui Wu Xiongjun Liu Hui Wang Suihe Jiang Zhaoping Lu 2021Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021,,3:8
11Development and Conservation of Glacier Tourist Resources——A Case Study of Bogda Glacier Park显示文摘Glacier is one kind of the most beautiful geological sightseeing in the world as well as a special kind of tourism resources.The characters of glacier tourism include scarcity,frangibility,localization of tourist activity,scien-tific connotation,and integrated function and value.The paper summarizes the latest researches in developing glacier tourism resources.Regarding the Bogda Glacier Park as an example,the authors analyze the characteristics of glacier tourism resources in detail and the conditions and potential threats of glacier tourism development.Suggestions on glacier tourism development and protection are given as follows:1) to plan function subarea scientifically and rea-sonably;2) to combine tourism,scientific research with ecological education;3) to take countermeasures of environ-mental protection;4) to integrate tourism resources and strengthening regional cooperation.Finally,emphases are put forward on resources conformity along the tourism line and cooperation of tourism management.The paper aims to seek after the coordination path in exploitation and protection of glacier tourism resources to guide the exploitation of other glacier tourism destinations.LIU Xuling YANG Zhaoping XIE Ting 2006Chinese Geographical Science2006,16,4:8
12Relationship between composite structures and compressive properties in CuZr-based bulk metallic glass system显示文摘Bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites with the austenite B2 phase as reinforcement macroscopically showed strain hardening behavior due to the plasticity induced by martensitic transformation during deformation. Relationship between characteristics of the B2-CuZr reinforcing phase and uniaxial compressive properties of CuZr-based BMG composites was studied. Mechanical properties of these BMG composites were found to depend on not only the reinforced phases but also the amorphous matrix,and the yield and fracture strength can be roughly estimated by the rule of mixture principle. Distribution of the reinforced B2-CuZr phase has an important impact on the compressive plasticity even for the composites with a similar volume fraction of the crystalline phase.WU Yuan SONG WenLi ZHANG ZhongYan HUI XiDong MA Dong WANG XunLi SHANG XinCun LU ZhaoPing 2011Chinese Science Bulletin2011,56,36:8
13Effect of MoO_3 on vanadium based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3 at low temperature显示文摘The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activities of the MoO_3 doped V/WTi catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the addition of MoO_3 could enhance the NO_ xconversion at low temperature and the best SCR activity was obtained when the dosage of MoO_3 reached5 wt.%. The NH3-TPD and DRIFTS experiments indicated that the addition of MoO_3 changed the type and number of acid sites on the surface of catalysts and reaction activities of acid sites were altered at the same time. The redox capacity and amount of active oxygen species got improved for V3Mo5/WTi catalyst, which could be confirmed by the H_2-TPR and transient response experiments. Water vapor inhibited the NO_xconversion at low temperature. Deposition of ammonium sulfate or bisulfate might be main reason for the loss of catalytic activity in the presence of SO_2 at low temperature. Choosing the suitable NH_3/NO ratio and elevation of reaction temperature both could weaken the influence of SO_2 on the SCR activity of the V3Mo5/WTi catalyst. Thermal treatment of the deactivated catalyst at350°C could get the low temperature activity recovered. The decrease of GHSV improved the de NO_x efficiency at low temperature and we speculated that the rational technological process and operation parameters could contribute to the application of this kind of catalysts in real industrial environment.Lin Zhu Zhaoping Zhong Han Yang Chunhua Wang 2017Journal of Environmental Sciences2017,29,6:8
14NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures显示文摘Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.Lin Zhu Zhaoping Zhong Jianming Xue Yueyang Xu Chunhua Wang Lixia Wang 2018Journal of Environmental Sciences2018,30,3:8
15Magnetocaloric effect in Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses显示文摘A series of Er-Al-Co bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been prepared by the copper mold casting method. The glass forming ability and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) for these alloys have been investigated. The second-order magnetic transition from para-magnetic to ferromagnetic states takes place at about 9 K. These BMGs exhibit excellent MCE because of their large effective magneton number; Er56Al24Co20 BMG has a maximum entropy change and refrigeration capacity of 16.06 J kg-1 K-1 and 546 J kg-1,respectively,under the field of 50 kOe (10 kOe=795.775 kA/m) indicating that these BMGs are potential candidate magnetic materials for hydrogen liquefaction.HUI XiDong XU ZhiYi WU Yuan CHEN XiaoHua LIU XiongJun LU ZhaoPing 2011Chinese Science Bulletin2011,56,36:6
16Effects of cooling rates on the mechanical properties of a Ti-based bulk metallic glass显示文摘Mechanical properties of the glassy specimens fabricated at different cooling rates with a composition of Ti40Zr25Cu12Ni3Be20 were systematically investigated. It was confirmed that faster cooling rates caused not only a larger amount of frozen-in free volume but also a higher glass transition temperature in the bulk glassy alloy. Increase in the free volume was found to favor plastic deformation and then to give rise to larger compressive plasticity, whilst the rise in the glass transition temperature seemed to be closely related to the higher yield strength. Moreover, the increase of yield strength and plasticity induced by fast cooling rates may also be associated with the residual stress generated during the fabrication process. Our results suggest that the deformation behavior of bulk metallic glasses is sensitive to various factors and influences from the other factors should be excluded as far as cooling-rate effects on bulk metallic glasses are considered.XIAO YueHua, WU Yuan, LIU ZhiYuan, WU HongHui & Lü ZhaoPing State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2010Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010,53,3:6
17Effects of Salinity on Embryonic Development, Survival, and Growth of Crassostrea hongkongensis显示文摘This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities(low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities(P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity(P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15(P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70(P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities(15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.HUO Zhongming WANG Zhaoping LIANG Jian ZHANG Yuehuan SHEN Jianping YAO Tuo SU Jiaqi YU Ruihai 2014Journal of Ocean University of China2014,13,4:6
18Characterization of Pyrolytic Lignin Extracted from Bio-oil显示文摘Bio-oil is a new liquid fuel produced by fast pyrolysis,which is a promising technology to convert bio-mass into liquid. Pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil,a fine powder,contributes to the instability of bio-oil. The paper presents the structural features of three kinds of pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil with different methods(WIF,HMM,and LMM) . The pyrolytic lignin samples are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) . FTIR data indicate that the three pyrolytic lignin samples have similar functional groups,while the absorption intensity is different,and show characteristic vibra-tions of typical lignocellulosic material groups O H(3340-3380 cm-1) ,C H(2912-2929 cm-1) and C O(1652-1725 cm-1) . Comparison in the region(3340-3380 cm-1) indicates that WIF has more O H stretch groups than HMM and LMM. The carbon spectra are fitted to four peaks:C1,C C or C H,BE 283.5 eV;C2,C OR or C OH,BE 284.5-285.8 eV;C3,C O or HO C OR,BE 286.10-287.10 eV;C4,O C O,BE 287.5-287.7 eV. The absence of C1,C C or C H indicates the dominant polymerization structure of aro-matic carbon in pyrolytic lignin samples. For HMM and WIF,C2a and C2b can not be separated,so there is no free hydroxyl group in the samples. The oxygen peaks are also fitted to four peaks:O1,OH,BE = 530.3 eV;O2,RC O,BE 531.45-531.72 eV;O3,O C O,BE = 532.73-533.74 eV;O4,H2O,BE 535 eV. The absence of O1 and O4 indicates that little hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water are present in the samples.JIANG Xiaoxiang Naoko Ellis ZHONG Zhaoping 2010Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2010,18,6:5
19Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultural sites and their driving forces in the Ili River Valley during historical periods显示文摘这研究使用 ArcGIS 在西北的中国在 Ili 河山谷分析文化地点的空间与时间的分发。它探索在这些地点之间的关系空间与时间的进化特征,人的历史,和自然环境。结果显示这些地点的数字和比例,和他们的出现的频率,在六个历史的时期期间展出了一个转换塑造 V 的变化趋势。在东方高、在转移到的开始的三个时期的向西空间的分发模式低在西方高、在东方低在后者期间三个时期,在人的活动的空间重心表明一个变化。这些地点主要在等级的斜坡上被散布 15,与他们在春天和秋天时期(770 BC476 BC ) 期间从 75% 增加的比例 Qin 王朝(221 BC207 BC ) 到 93.75% 在 Qing DynastyModern 时期期间。地点举起的集中的分发变了从在春天和秋天 PeriodQin 王朝,和西方的汉(206 BC8 ) 期间分级 48 南部、北的王朝(420589 ) ,到在后者期间分级 14 三个时期。地点的数字从高举起的山和山,并且从高斜坡显示出一个变的趋势到低举起的平原到低斜坡。特别地,这些地点从中间、在上游的区域展出了移植的一个特殊潮湿的进化模式到下游的区域,与位于典型干旱区域的地点的迁居模式对比。学习也认为显著地,影响分发和文化地点的空间与时间的进化的因素是人的因素和自然因素。WANG Fang YANG Zhaoping LUAN Fuming XIONG Heigang SHI Hui WANG Zhaoguo ZHAO XingYou QIN Wenmin WU Wenjie LI Dong 2015Journal of Geographical Sciences2015,25,9:5
20Natural Heritage Value of Xinjiang Tianshan and Global Comparative Analysis显示文摘Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.XU Xiaoliang YANG Zhaoping Adayi Saiken Shao Rui LIU Xinyu 2012Journal of Mountain Science2012,9,2:5
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