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| 1 | Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects显示文摘The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective. | Fahu CHEN Bojie FU Jun XIA Duo WU Shaohong WU Yili ZHANG Hang SUN Yu LIU Xiaomin FANG Boqiang QIN Xin LI Tingjun ZHANG Baoyuan LIU Zhibao DONG Shugui HOU Lide TIAN Baiqing XU Guanghui DONG Jingyun ZHENG Wei YANG Xin WANG Zaijun LI Fei Wang Zhenbo HU Jie WANG Jianbao LIU Jianhui CHEN Wei HUANG Juzhi HOU Qiufang CAI Hao LONG Ming JIANG Yaxian HU Xiaoming FENG Xingguo MO Xiaoyan YANG Dongju ZHANG Xiuhong WANG Yunhe YIN Xiaochen LIU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，11： | 11 |
| 2 | Analyses on the air and snow temperatures near ground with observations of an AWS at Dome A,the summit of Antarctic Plateau显示文摘As the summit of the Antarctic Plateau, Dome A has been received international attentions.In this paper, observational data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A in 2005–2007 were used to analyze the seasonal variations of air temperatures near the ground and snow temperatures within a depth of 10 m. Analyses on the air temperatures show a typical feature of the coreless winter, and strong inversion maintains during the long winter. Accordingly the stratification near the ground is dominated by the near-neutral stable states. Seasonal fluctuations of the snow temperature decrease in amplitude and lag in phase with depth increasing, which leads to distinct seasonal temperature profiles within the depth of 10 m. Measurements show the mean annual air temperature near ground is about 5°C higher than the 10 m firn temperature due to the strong inversion near the ground. However, our estimation of the annual mean of air temperature at the ground based on the boundary layer theory is close to the mean 10 m firn temperature. The lowest air temperature (–82.7°C) currently measured at the Dome A is not the lowest one ever recorded in Antarctica, but the extremely low mean 10 m firn temperature (–58.2°C) indicates very low ground temperature. Given the prominent inversion near the ground, it is expected that Dome A might house the lowest ground temperature on the planet. | CHEN BaiLian ZHANG RenHe XIAO CunDe BIAN LinGen ZHANG TingJun | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，14： | 6 |
| 3 | Metformin activates chaperone-mediated autophagy and improves disease pathologies in an Alzheimer disease mouse model显示文摘Chaperone-mediated autophagy(CMA)is a lysosome-dependent selective degradation pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.However,the mechanisms that regulate CMA are not fully understood.Here,using unbiased drug screening approaches,we discover Metformin,a drug that is commonly the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes,can induce CMA.We delineate the mechanism of CMA induction by Metformin to be via activation of TAK1-IKKα/β signaling that leads to phosphorylation of Ser85 of the key mediator of CMA,Hsc70,and its activation.Notably,we find that amyloid-beta precursor protein(APP)is a CMA substrate and that it binds to Hsc70 in an IKKα/β-dependent manner.The inhibition of CMA-mediated degradation of APP enhances its cytotoxicity.Importantly,we find that in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD),activation of CMA by Hsc70 overexpression or Metformin potently reduces the accumulated brain Aβplaque levels and reverses the molecular and behavioral AD phenotypes.Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of CMA regulation via Metformin-TAK1-IKKα/β-Hsc70 signaling and suggests Metformin as a new activator of CMA for diseases,such as AD,where such therapeutic intervention could be beneficial. | Xiaoyan Xu Yaqin Sun Xufeng Cen Bing Shan Qingwei Zhao Tingxue Xie Zhe Wang Tingjun Hou Yu Xue Mengmeng Zhang Di Peng Qiming Sun Cong Yi Ayaz Najafov Hongguang Xia | 2021 | Protein & Cell2021，12，10： | 5 |
| 4 | Assessment of the fused image of multispectral and panchromatic images of SPOT5 in the investigation of geological hazards显示文摘The investigated area in this paper is located on the northern mountain in Guangzhou City.It is characterized by high relief and inaccessibility.Multispectral and pan Images of SPOT5 were used as the remote sensing data source,and high-pass filtering(HPF),Brovery transform(BT),intensity-hue-saturation(IHS),principal component analysis(PCA) and the modified IHS(MIHS) methods were adopted for image fusion.Here,a comparison has been made between the entire fused images and the original multispectral images.Subjective evaluation and objective evaluation(entropy,average gradient,correlation coefficient,distribution of gray) have been adopted to assess the quality of the fused images.Also regional geological survey has been taken to find the interpretation veracity.Results show that the MIHS is the best image fusion method for geological hazards interpretation,and the fused image can provide abundant textural and spectral information for easy interpretation of such geological hazards as collapse,landslip,and debris flow. | KANG TingJun,ZHANG XinChang & WANG HaiYing Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，S2： | 5 |
| 5 | The structure of erastin-bound xCT-4F2hc complex reveals molecular mechanisms underlying erastin-induced ferroptosis显示文摘Dear Editor,Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent,non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by an accumulation of lipid.derived reactive oxygen species(ROS).The small-molecule compo und erastin in duces ferroptosis via in hibiti ng the cystineglutamate antiporter system x_(c).which consists of two subunits,namely the light chain xCT and the heavy chain 4F2hc(encoded by the SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 genes,respectively).^(1-4) | Renhong Yan Enjun Xie Yaning Li Jin Li Yuanyuan Zhang Ximin Chi Xueping Hu Lei xu Tingjun Hou Brent R.Stockwell Junxia Min Qiang Zhou Fudi Wang | 2022 | Cell Research2022，32，7： | 4 |
| 6 | Permafrost dynamics and their hydrologic impacts over the Russian Arctic drainage basin显示文摘Permafrost is an important component in hydrological processes because changes in runoff over the Arctic drainage basin cannot be well explained by changes in precipitation-related variables.However,current understanding of the influences of permafrost on hydrological dy-namics is insufficient.This study investigated historical variations in permafrost conditions and their potential hydrologic effects over the Russian Arctic drainage basin.The results show that soil temperature(at 0.40 m below surface)has increased about 1.4℃over the Ob,1.5℃over the Yenisei,and 1.8℃over the Lena River basin from 1936 through 2013,possibly resulted in a significant thawing of permafrost.Rapid active layer changes have occurred since the 1970s.The volume of the active layer increased by 28,142,and 228 km3 over the Ob,Yenisei,and Lena basins,respectively,since the 1970s.Melting ground ice caused by deepening active layer may be a limited contribution to annual runoff.Runoff during freeze season(October--April)showed significant positive correlations(p<0.05)to active layer thickness in the Yenisei and Lena basins while negative correlation(p>0.05)in the Ob basin.These results imply that,in basins with high permafrost coverage,a deeper active layer increased soil water storage capacity and perhaps contribute to an increase in winter runoff. | WANG Kang ZHANG Tingjun Daqing YANG | 2021 | Advances in Climate Change Research2021，12，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Modeled response of talik development under thermokarst lakes to permafrost thickness on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘Permafrost thickness under identical climates in cold regions can vary significantly because it is severely affected by climate change, topography, soil physical and thermal properties, and geothermal conditions. This study numerically investigates the response of ground thermal regime and talik development processes to permafrost with different thicknesses under a thermokarst lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. On the basis of observed data and information from a representative monitored lake in the Beiluhe Basin, we used a heat transfer model with phase change under a cylindrical coordinate system to conduct three simulation cases with permafrost thicknesses of 45 m, 60 m, and 75 m, respectively. The simulated results indicate that increases in permafrost thickness not only strongly retarded the open talik formation time, but also delayed the permafrost lateral thaw process after the formation of open talik. Increasing the permafrost thickness by 33.3% and 66.7% led to open talik formation time increases of 83.66% and 207.43%, respectively, and resulted in increases in the lateral thaw duration of permafrost under the modeled thermokarst lake by 28.86% and 46.54%, respectively, after the formation of the open taliks. | Feng Ling QingBai Wu FuJun Niu TingJun Zhang | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，6： | 3 |
| 8 | Impacts of landscape and climatic factors on snow cover in the Altai Mountains,China显示文摘Snow properties and their changes are crucial to better understanding of hydrological processes,soil thermal regimes,and surface energy balances.Reliable data and information on snow depth and snow water equivalent(SWE)are also crucial for water resource assessments and socio-economic development at local and regional scales.However,these data are extremely limited and unreliable in northern Xinjiang,China.This study thus aims to investigate spatial variations of snow depth,SWE,and snow density based on winter snowfield surveys during 2015 through 2017 in the Altai Mountains,northwestern China.The results indicated that snow depth(25-114 cm)and SWE(40-290 mm)were greater in the alpine Kanas-Hemu region,and shallow snow accumulated(9-42 cm for snow depth,26-106 mm for SWE)on the piedmont sloping plain.While there was no remarkable regional difference in the distribution of snow density.Snow property distributions were strongly controlled by topography and vegetation.Elevation and latitude were the most important factors affecting snow depth and SWE,while snow density was strongly affected by longitude across the Altai Mountains in China.The influence of topography on snow property distributions was spatially heterogenous.Mean snow depth increased from 13.7 to 31.2 cm and SWE from 28.5 to 79.9 mm,respectively,with elevation increased from 400 to 1000 m a.s.l.on the piedmont sloping plain.Snow depth decreased to about 15.1 cm and SWE to about 28.5 mm from 1000 to 1800 m a.s.l.,then again increased to about 98.1 cm and 271.7 mm on peaks(-2000 m a.s.l.)in the alpine Kanas-Hemu.Leeward slopes were easier to accumulate snow cover,especially on north-,east-,and southeast-facing slopes.Canopy interception was also the cause of the difference in snow distribution.Snow depth,SWE,and snow density in forests were reduced by 8%-53%,2%-67%and-4%to+48%,respectively,compared with surrounding open areas.Especially when snow depth was less than 40 cm,snow depth and SWE differences in forests were more exaggerated.This study provides a basic data set of spatial distributions and variations of snow depth,SWE and snow density in the Altai Mountains,which can be used as an input parameter in climate or hydrological models.These first-hand observations will help to better understand the relationship between snow,topography and climate in mountainous regions across northern China and other high-mountain Asian regions. | ZHONG Xin-Yue ZHANG Tingjun SU Hang XIAO Xiong-Xin WANG Shu-Fa HU Yuan-Tao WANG Hui-Juan ZHENG Lei ZHANG Wei XU Min WANG Jian | 2021 | Advances in Climate Change Research2021，12，1： | 3 |
| 9 | Observed permafrost thawing and disappearance near the altitudinal limit of permafrost in the Qilian Mountains显示文摘Permafrost degradation has been widely reported on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).However,directly observed evidence of permafrost thawing processes and degradation rates are very limited,although it is expected to be prevalent near the periphery of a permafrost area.Here,we report permafrost changes and disappearance in the Qilian Mountains(northeastern TP)based on three boreholes instrumented along a 100 m transect during 2014–2021.Our results show that permafrost has significantly degraded in the study area:the mean downward thawing rate from the permafrost table was about 0.16 m per year while the mean upward thawing rate from the permafrost base was about 0.23 m per year.We estimate the mean lateral degradation rate of permafrost in this area was∼4.14 m per year.More dramatically,the 1.5 m thick permafrost layer at one of the boreholes thawed completely between April of 2018 and December of 2019.Our results indicate that changes in climatic condition may have played only a limited role in controlling the active layer thickness in the vicinity of the altitudinal limit of permafrost;moisture content and soil conditions play key roles in site-specific permafrost thawing.This study provides new quantitative insights for understanding changes near the altitudinal limit of permafrost,and we suggest that land surface models or Earth system model studies of the lateral heat exchanges should be implemented in order to better represent permafrost thawing processes. | Wen SUN Tingjun ZHANG Gary D.CLOW Yan-Hua SUN Wen-Yu ZHAO Ben-Ben LIANG Cheng-Yan FAN Xiao-Qing PENG Bin CAO | 2022 | Advances in Climate Change Research2022，13，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Spatiotemporal variations of maximum seasonal freeze depth in 1950s–2007 over the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China显示文摘Investigation on spatiotemporal variations of maximum seasonal freeze depth(MSFD) over the Heihe River Basin is of great importance for systematic understanding of regional climate and environmental change, ecological-hydrological processes, water resources assessment, construction and resource development. Based on soil and air temperatures at the meteorological stations of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA) over the Heihe River Basin, MSFDs time series are structured into a composite time series over the 1960–2007 period. Evaluating the averaged MSFD time series for 1960–2007 reveals a statistically significant trend of-4.0 cm/decade or a net change of-19.2 cm for the 48-year period over the basin. The MSFD had significantly negative correlation with mean annual air temperature(MAAT), winter air temperature, mean annual ground surface temperature(MAGST), degree days of thawing for the air(DDTa) as well as for the surface(DDTs), and degree days of freezing for the surface(DDFs). While there was significantly positive correlation between DDFs and MSFD time series, MSFD was deeper and changed greatly in the Heihe River source area. It was shallower in the east-central basin and gradually deepened in other sections of the basin. The MSFD distribution pattern in 2003–2005 is consistent with that of averaged degree days of freezing for air(DDFa) in 1960–2007. However, the maximum of MSFD may not be accurate, because there is no long term observation data in the deep seasonally frozen ground regions near the lower boundary of permafrost. With increasing elevation, averaged DDFa increased at a rate of 51.6 °C-day/100m, therefore, the MSFG and the date reaching MSFG became deeper and later, respectively. | QingFeng Wang TingJun Zhang | 2014 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2014，6，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis--China,2018显示文摘What is already known about this topic?Soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)is distributed widely in China and a large number of the population is afflicted.However,trends of STH infections are decreasing.What is added by this report?The most recent data indicates that the overall prevalence of STH was 1.29% in 2018 in China,which was based on the national sentinel surveillance and demonstrates a continuous decline pattern.What are the implications for public health practice?Considering the current prevalence in China and various endemic statuses in different regions,precision control measures should be implemented for the control and elimination of STH in China. | Huihui Zhu Jilei Huang Changhai Zhou Tingjun Zhu Menbao Qian Mizhen Zhang Yingdan Chen Shizhu Li | 2020 | China CDC weekly2020，2，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Estimating interaction between surface water and groundwater in a permafrost region of the northern Tibetan Plateau using heat tracing method显示文摘Understanding the interaction between groundwater and surface water in permafrost regions is essential to study flood frequencies and river water quality, especially in the high latitude/altitude basins. The application of heat tracing method,based on oscillating streambed temperature signals, is a promising geophysical method for identifying and quantifying the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Analytical analysis based on a one-dimensional convective-conductive heat transport equation combined with the fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing method was applied on a streambed of a mountainous permafrost region in the Yeniugou Basin, located in the upper Heihe River on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that low connectivity existed between the stream and groundwater in permafrost regions.The interaction between surface water and groundwater increased with the thawing of the active layer. This study demonstrates that the heat tracing method can be applied to study surface water-groundwater interaction over temporal and spatial scales in permafrost regions. | TanGuang Gao Jie Liu TingJun Zhang ShiChang Kang ChuanKun Liu ShuFa Wang Mika Sillanpaa YuLan Zhang | 2020 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2020，12，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Analysis of cooling effect of crushed rock-based embankment of the Qinghai- Xizang Railway 显示文摘 | Wu Qingbai Liu Yongzhi Zhang Tingjun | 2008 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2008，53，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Dynamics,impacts,and future projections of Arctic rapid change显示文摘Observations show that Arctic sea ice has been dramatically declined,and the surface temperature in Arctic region is dramatically increasing since 1970s.By the end of 2020,the summer sea ice extent had been decreased by more than 50%comparing with the area in the late 1970s.The increasing rate of surface atmospheric and oceanic temperature was about 2-3 times faster than that of the global average(Meredith et al.,2019).Arctic is experiencing rapid change. | CHEN Xian-Yao ZHANG Tingjun | 2021 | Advances in Climate Change Research2021，12，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Recent permafrost warming on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 显示文摘 | Wu Qingbai Zhang Tingjun | 2008 | Journal of Geographical Research2008，113，13： | 1 |
| 16 | Protective effect of Potentilla anserine polysaccharide (PAP) on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis in murine splenic lymphocytes显示文摘 | Hu TingJun Wei Xiaojie Zhang Xia | 2010 | Carbohydrate Polymers2010，79，： | 1 |
| 17 | Impact of the timing and duration of seasonal snow cover on the active layer and permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic显示文摘 | Ling Feng Zhang Tingjun | 2003 | Permafrost and Periglacial Processes2003，14，： | 1 |
| 18 | Numerical simulation of permafrost thermal regime and talik development under shallow thaw lakes on the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain显示文摘 | Ling Feng Zhang Tingjun | 2003 | Journal of Geophysical Research2003，108，： | 1 |
| 19 | Proteome-Wide Profiling of the Covalent-Druggable Cysteines with a Structure-Based Deep Graph Learning Network显示文摘Covalent ligands have attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages,such as long residence time,high selectivity,and strong binding affinity.They also show promise for targets where previous efforts to identify noncovalent small molecule inhibitors have failed.However,our limited knowledge of covalent binding sites has hindered the discovery of novel ligands.Therefore,developing in silico methods to identify covalent binding sites is highly desirable.Here,we propose DeepCoSI,the first structure-based deep graph learning model to identify ligandable covalent sites in the protein.By integrating the characterization of the binding pocket and the interactions between each cysteine and the surrounding environment,DeepCoSI achieves state-of-the-art predictive performances.The validation on two external test sets which mimic the real application scenarios shows that DeepCosI has strong ability to distinguish ligandable sites from the others.Finally,we profiled the entire set of protein structures in the RCSB Protein Data Bank(PDB)with DeepCoSI to evaluate the ligandability of each cysteine for covalent ligand design,and made the predicted data publicly available on website. | Hongyan Du Dejun Jiang Junbo Gao Xujun Zhang Lingxiao Jiang Yundian Zeng Zhenxing Wu Chao Shen Lei Xu Dongsheng Cao Tingjun Hou Peichen Pan | 2022 | Research2022，，4： | 1 |
| 20 | A numerical model for surface energy balance and thermal regime of the active layer and permafrost containing unfrozen water 显示文摘 | Ling Feng Zhang Tingjun | 2004 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2004，38，1： | 1 |
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